National University of the Altiplano

FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS AND SYSTEMS

PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

ENCHARGED JOB

COURSE: COMMUNICATION NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

TOPIC: DATA TRANSMISSION AND COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

QUESTIONNAIRE

PRESENTED BY:

 JUAN RONALDO CONDORI TICONA 151522

 N ELSON EUGENIO CASTRO PACCARA 150461

TEACHER: ENG. GAVINO JOSE FLORES CHIPANA

PUNO – PERU
YEAR 2018 - II
PRACTICAL MATERIAL: Chapter 2 (BASIC CONCEPTS)

Review questions:

1. How is topology related to line configuration?

 If configuration is the way two or more communicating devices connect to

a link, topology defines the physical or logical configuration of links in a
network.

2. Define the three transmission modes:

 SIMPLEX: Communication is one-way between two devices, one can

transmit and the other can only receive.
 SEMIDUPLEX: in this case communication is much better since when
one device is sending, the other can only receive and vice versa.
 FULL-DUPLEX: A recommended communication since each device can
send and receive simultaneously.

3. List the advantages of each type of network topology:

 MESH: It guarantees that each connection should only carry the data
load of the connected devices, another the mesh topology is robust (if a
link fails, it does not disable the entire system), it also has privacy or
security and finally allows us to find errors more easily.

 STAR: It is much cheaper than a mesh topology, easier to install and

reconfigure, fewer cables are installed, this network is also robust and
allows faults to be identified and isolated in a very simple way.

 TREE: Its advantages are generally the same as the star one and it
allows the connection of more devices due to the same fact that it uses
secondary concentrators.

 BUS: Simple installation, use of less cable than a mesh or star or tree.

 RING: Relatively easy to install and reconfigure.

4. What are the advantages of a multipoint connection over a point-to-point

connection?
 Its main advantage is that several devices can share the same link
simultaneously.

5. What are the factors that determine whether a communication system is a

LAN, MAN or WAN?
 The factors are: its size, its owner, the distance it covers and its physical
architecture.
6. What are the two types of line configuration?
  Point to point and multipoint.

7. List the five basic network topologies:

 Mesh
 Star
 Tree
 Bus
 Ring

8. Distinguish between a peer relationship and a primary - secondary

relationship :
 The primary-secondary relationship is where a device controls traffic
whereas the peer relationship does not allow us to do that.

9. List one disadvantage of each type of network topology:

 MESH: Difficult installation and configuration due to the amount of cable,

also the hardware necessary to connect each link can be expensive.
 STAR: Requires more cable than other network topologies.
 TREE: It has a similar disadvantage as the star, which uses more cable.
 BUS: Difficulty in reconfiguration and isolation of faults, in addition a fault
in the bus cable interrupts all transmissions.
 RING: One-way traffic can be a disadvantage, as a ring break can take
down the entire network.

10. Give a formula that indicates the number of cables required for a mesh
network topology.
 n(n-1) /2, where n is the number of devices.

11. Characterize the five basic topologies in terms of line configuration.

 Mesh: It is a point-to-point configuration.

 Star: It is a point-to-point configuration
 Tree: It is a point-to-point configuration.
 Bus: It is a multipoint configuration.
 Ring: It is a point-to-point configuration with the devices that are next to it

12. For a network with n devices, what is the number of cable links required for
a mesh, ring, bus, and star topology?

 Mesh: n(n-1)/2
 Ring: # devices = # links
 Bus: n devices = n+1 links
 Star: the hub must have n ports for n devices.
13. What is the difference between a central hub and a secondary hub? What is
the difference between an active hub and a passive hub? How are these two
classes interrelated?
  Central hub = active hub.
 Secondary hub = active/passive hub.
 Active concentrator: contains a repeater, that is, a hardware device that
regenerates the received bit patterns before retransmitting them, thus
amplifying the power and increasing the distance the signal travels.
 Passive Hub: Provides only a physical connection between connected
devices.

14. What is the factor that limits the size of a bus network topology? Include
reasoning about connectors in your answer.

 It is the cable that acts as a backbone network, it is limited by the space

in which it is extended.

15. For each type of network topology, indicate the implications of a single cable
failure.

 Mesh: if one cable (link) fails, it is rerouted through the others.

 Star: If a link fails, only that link is affected, the others remain active.
 Tree: ditto star
 Bus: a failure or breakage of any cable (link) interrupts all bus
transmissions.
 Ring: Because it is unidirectional, a ring break on any link disables
the entire network.

16. What is an internet? What is Internet?

 Internet: is a series of interconnected networks.
 Internet: it is a worldwide network (Word Wide Web)

QUESTIONS WITH MULTIPLE RESPONSES:

17. What topology does a central controller or hub require?

to. mesh
b. star
c. bus
d. ring
18. What topology does a multipoint connection need?

to. mesh
b. star
c. bus
d. ring

19. Communication between a computer and a keyboard involves a

transmission.

to. simplex
b. half duplex
c. full-duplex
d. automatic

20. In a network with 25 computers, which topology would require the most
extensive cabling?

to. mesh
b. star
c. bus
d. ring

21. A tree topology is a variation of a ___ topology

to. mesh
b. star
c. bus
d. ring

22. Television broadcasting is an example of___ transmission.

to. simplex
b. half duplex
c. full duplex
d. automatic

23. In a topology in……, there are n devices in the network, each device has n-
I ports for cables.

to. mesh
b. star
c. bus
d. ring

24. A __ connection provides a dedicated link between two devices.

to. point by point

b. multipoint
c. primary
d. secondary

25. In a connection__, more than two devices can share a single link.

to. point by point

b. multipoint
c. primary
d. secondary

26. In __ transmission, the channel capacity is always shared by the two

communicating devices.

to. simplex
b. half duplex
c. full duplex
d. semisimplex

27. Mackenzie Publishing, with headquarters in London and other offices in

Asia, Europe and South America, is probably connected by a__.

to. LAN
b. MAN
c. WAN
d. None of the above

28. BAF Plumbers has a network made up of two workstations and a printer.
This network is probably a__.

to. LAN
b. MAN
c. WAN
d. None of the above

29. What topology is characterized by having a point-to-point line configuration?

to. mesh
b. ring
c. star
d. None of the above
30. On a link __the only existing traffic is between the two connected devices.

to. secondary
b. primary
c. dedicated
d. None of the above

31. In a mesh topology, the relationship between one device and another is__.

to. primary to equal

b. equal to primary
c. primary to secondary
d. parity

32. A cable break in an en__ topology stops all transmission.

to. mesh
b. bus
c. star
d. primary

33. A network containing multiple hubs is most likely configured as an en__

topology.

to. mesh
b. tree
c. bus
d. star

34. Security and privacy are not an important issue for devices connected in a
__ topology.

to. mesh
b. tree
c. bus
d. star

EXERCISES:

35. Suppose there are six devices connected with a mesh topology. How many
cables are necessary? How many ports are needed for each device?

 Number of links = n(n-1) /2 = 6(6-1) /2 = 6.5/2 = 15 Links (cables)

 Number of ports = n-1 = 6-1 = 5 Ports
36. Define the type of the topology in Figure 2.20.
 It is a bus type topology

37. Define the type of topology in Figure 2.21.

 It is a hybrid star and bus topology.

38. Define the type of topology in Figure 2.22.

 It is a hybrid topology.

39. Define the type of topology in Figure 2.23 .

 It is a star type topology.

40. Define the type of topology in Figure 2.24.

 It is a ring type topology.

41. Which of the networks in Figure 2.25 is a ring topology?

 The second image is a ring type.

42. For each of the following four networks, indicate the consequences of a
connection failure:

to. Five devices connected in a mesh topology: If one connection fails, the other
connections will continue to work.

b. Five devices connected in a star topology (not counting the hub): The other
devices will still be able to send data through the hub; but there will be no
access to the device that has the connection down to the hub.
c. Five devices connected in a bus topology : All transmissions stop if the fault
is on the bus. If the connection line is the one that fails, only the corresponding
device cannot operate.
d. Five devices connected in a ring topology: Connection failure can disable the
entire network unless it is a dual ring or there is a bypass mechanism (switch
capable of bypassing the break).

43. Draw a hybrid topology with a star backbone topology and three ring
networks.
44. Draw a hybrid topology with a ring trunk and two bus networks.

45. Draw a hybrid topology with a bus trunk connecting two trunks in a ring.
Each ring trunk connects three star networks.

46. Draw a hybrid topology with a star trunk connecting two trunk buses. Each
backbone bus connects three ring networks.
47. A network contains four computers. If there are only four pieces of cable in
this network, what topology is used?
 A star topology is being used.
48. Relate the following concepts to a network topology (each can be applied to
more than one topology):

to. New devices can be added easily : star and ring

b. Control is carried out through a central node : bus
c. Transmission time is spent forwarding data through intermediate nodes: ring

49. Suppose two new devices are added to an existing network that has five
devices. If you have a fully connected mesh topology, how many new cable
lines will be necessary? However, if the devices are placed in a ring, how many
cable lines will be necessary?

 Number of links= n(n-1) /2=2(2-1) /2= (2*1) /2=1 Link (Mesh Type)
 2 Cable lines (Ring Type).

50. Five computers are connected to a common cable in a multipoint

configuration. The cable can only transfer 100,000 bits per second. If all
computers have data to send, what is the average data rate for each computer?

 It is said that when there is a multipoint configuration the channel is

shared, therefore, it is equitable.

 Average rate = 100,000 bits/5=20,000 bits

51. When someone makes a local telephone call to another person, are they
using a point-to-point or multipoint line configuration? Explain your answer.

 It uses a point-to-point line configuration, since only one connection is

being established between two devices, the sender and the receiver.

52. Which transmission mode (simplex, half-duplex or full-duplex) can be

compared to the following? Justify your answer.

to. A discussion between Lucia and Desi: Full – duplex, since messages are
being sent and received at the same time between sender and receiver.

b. A computer-to-monitor connection : Simplex, can only accept output data.

c. A polite conversation between Aunt Gertrudis and Aunt Rowena: Half-duplex,

the message can be sent and received by waiting a certain time between
sender and receiver.
d. A television broadcast: Simplex, can only accept output data.

and. A reversible train line : Half-duplex, as long as the information goes in one
direction, no more can be sent until it reaches its recipient.

F. A turnstile: Simplex, since it only allows transmission in one direction.

PRACTICAL MATERIAL: Chapter 3 (OSI MODEL)

Review questions.

1. What OSI levels are network support levels?

Link, physical and network level

2. What OSI levels are user support levels?

Session, presentation and application level.

3. What is the difference between network level delivery and support level
delivery?

The network layer is responsible for the delivery of packets from source to
destination over multiple network links.

4. How are OSI and ISO related to each other?

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) created a model called

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI), which allows different systems to
communicate.

5. List the OSI model levels.

Level 1: Physical
Level 2: Data Link
Level 3: Network
Level 4: Transportation
Level 5: Session
Level 6: Presentation
Level 7: Application

6. What is a point-to-point process?

A point-to-point line configuration provides a dedicated link between two

devices. All channel capacity is reserved for transmission between both
devices. Most point-to-point configurations use cables to connect the ends, but
other options, such as microwaves or satellite links, are also possible.

7. How does information get from one OSI level to the next?

Within a machine, each level calls the services of the level just below it. For
example, level 3 uses the services provided by level 2 and provides services to
level 4. Between machines, level x of one machine communicates with level x of
the other. Communication is governed by a series of agreed upon rules and
conventions called protocols.

8. What are headers and tails and how are they added and removed?

The header and tail are control data added to the beginning or end of a data
packet.

Headers are added to data at levels 6, 5, 4, 3, and 2. Queues are usually added
Only at level 2. The headers and queues associated with it at the corresponding
sending levels are removed and the appropriate actions at that level are taken.

9. Group OSI levels according to their function.

The physical, data link, and network levels are the network support levels.
The session, presentation, and application levels are the user support levels

10. What are the physical level responsibilities?

The physical layer coordinates the functions necessary to transmit the flow of
data through a physical medium. Deals with the electrical and mechanical
specifications of the interface and transmission medium.
The physical level is related to the following:

 Physical characteristics of the interfaces and the medium

 Bit representation
 Data rate
 Bit synchronization
 Line configuration
 Physical topology
 Transmission Mode

11. What are the link level responsibilities?

The data link layer transforms the physical layer, a simple transmission
medium, into a reliable link and is responsible for node-to-node delivery. It
makes the physical layer appear to the higher level (network layer) as an error-
free medium.
Specific responsibilities of the data link layer include:

 Dithering
 Physical addressing
 Flow control
 Error control
 Access control

12. What are the network level responsibilities?

The network layer is responsible for the delivery of a packet from source to
destination and possibly across multiple networks (links). While the data link
layer oversees packet delivery between two systems on the same network
(links), the network layer ensures that each packet goes from source to
destination, whatever they may be.

Specific network level responsibilities include:

 Logical addressing
 Routing

13. What are the transportation level responsibilities?

The transport layer is responsible for the origin-to-destination (end-to-end)

delivery of the entire message. While the network layer monitors the end-to-end
delivery of individual packets, it does not recognize any relationships between
these packets. Treat each one independently, as if each piece remained a
separate message.

Some of the specific responsibilities of the transportation level are as follows:

 Service Point Addressing

 Segmentation and Reassembly
 Connection control
 Flow control
 Error control

14. The transport layer creates a connection between the source and destination.
What are the three events involved in the connection?

Creating a connection involves three steps: connection establishment, data

transfer, and connection release.
15. What is the difference between a point-in-service address, a logical address,
and a physical address?

Point-in-service address: Computers often run several programs at the same

time.
The packet at the network level contains the logical addresses, which remain
the same from the source to the final destination (A and P, respectively)
Physical addresses only have local jurisdiction.

16. What are the session level responsibilities?

The services provided by the first three levels (physical, data link and networks)
are not sufficient for some processes. The session level is the network dialogue
controller.
Establishes, maintains and synchronizes the interaction between
communication systems.

Some specific session level responsibilities are as follows:

 Dialog control
 Synchronization

17. What is the purpose of the dialog controller?

Dialog control. The session level allows two systems to establish a dialogue.
It allows communication between two processes to take place in half-duplex
mode (one direction at a time) or full-duplex (both directions at the same time).
For example, the dialogue between a terminal connected to a computer can be
half-duplex.

18. What are the presentation level responsibilities?

The presentation level is related to the syntax and semantics of the information
exchanged between two systems.

Specific presentation level responsibilities include:

 Translation
 Encryption
 Comprehension

19. What is the objective of translation at the presentation level?

Translation. Processes (executing programs) in systems usually exchange

information in the form of strings of characters, numbers, etc. It is necessary to
translate information into bit streams before transmitting it. Because each
computer uses a different coding system. The presentation layer is responsible
for interoperability between different encoding methods. The presentation level
at the issuer changes the information from the issuer-dependent format to a
common format. The presentation level on the receiving machine changes the
common format into the receiver-specific format.

20. Indicate any of the services provided by the application layer

Some of the specific services provided by the application tier include:

 Network virtual terminal

 File Transfer, Access and Management (FTAM)
 Mail services
 Directory services

21. How do the levels of the TCP/IP protocol family relate to the levels of the OSI
model?

TCP/IP, a five-level protocol family developed before the OSI model, is the
protocol family used on the Internet.

QUESTIONS WITH MULTIPLE RESPONSES:

22. The ___ model shows how a computer's network functions should be
organized.

to. ITU·T
b. OR IF
c. ISO
d. ANSI

23. The OSI model is made up of ____ levels

to. three
b. five
and. seven
d. eight

24. The ___ level decides the location of the synchronization points.

to. transportation
b. session
c. presentation
d. application
25. End-to-end delivery of the entire message is the responsibility of the _____
level.

to. grid
b. transport
c. session
d. presentation

26. The ___ level is the level closest to the transmission medium.

to. physical
b. data link
and. network
d. transport
27. At the____ level, the data unit is called a frame.

to. physical
b. dalos link
c. grid
d. transport
28. Data decryption and encryption are the responsibility of the___ level.

to. physical
b. dalos link
c. presentation
d. session
29. Dialogue control is a function of the____ level.

to. transport
b. session
c. presentation
d. application

30. Mail and directory services are available to network users through the____
level.

to. data link

b. session
c. transport
d. application
31. Node-to-node delivery of data units is the responsibility of the____ level.

to. Physical
b. data link
c. transport
d. grid
32. As data packets move from lower to higher levels, the headers are ____.

to. added
b. deleted
c. relocated
d. modified
33. As data packets move from higher to lower levels, the headers are ____.

to. added
b. deleted
c. relocated
d. modified
34. The ____ level is between the network level and the session level.

to. physical
b. data link
c. transport
d. presentation

35. "Level 2 is between the physical level and the _____ level."

to. grid
b. data link
c. transport
d. presentation
36. When data is transmitted from device A to device B, the level 5 header of A is
read by the level ____ header of B.

to. physical
b. transport
c. session
d. presentation
37. At the____ level, translations from one character code to another occur.

to. transport
b. session
c. presentation
d. application

38. The ____ level changes the bits in electromagnetic signals.

to. physical
b. data link
 c. transport
d. presentation
39. The ____ level can use the frame header for error detection.

to. physical
b. data link
c. transport
d. presentation
40. Why was the OSI model developed?

to. Manufacturers did not like the TCP/IP protocol family

b. Data transfer rate increased exponentially
c. Standards were necessary to allow any system to communicate with
each other.
d. None of the above
41. The physical level is related to the transmission of ___ on the physical
environment.

to. programs
b. dialogues
c. protocols
d. bits
42. What level functions constitute a link between the user support levels and the
network support levels?

to. network level

b. physical level
c. transportation level
d. session level
43. What is the main function of the transport level?

to. node to node delivery

b. end-to-end message delivery
c. synchronization
d. updating and maintaining routing tables
44. Session level checkpoints____ "

to. allow a portion of a file to be forwarded

b. detect and recover errors
c. control the editing of headers
d. are related to dialog control
45. Which of the following is an application level service?

to. network virtual terminal

b. file transfer, access and management
c. mail service
d. all the above