Atomic structure

Choose the correct answer for each of the following sentences

1-The scientist who imagined that possible to dividing any piece of matter into small part
a-Democritus b-Dalton. c- Aristotle d-Bohr.
2-The scientist who describe that any fragment of matter called atom
a- Bohr. b-Marsden. c- Aristotle d- Democritus
3- The scientist who refused the perception that matter is composed of atoms
a-Democritus b-Dalton. c- Aristotle d-Bohr.
4- The scientist who describe that component of all life control by nature
a-Democritus b-Dalton. c- Aristotle d-Bohr.
5- The scientist who refused the concept of atom
a- Bohr. b-Boyle. c- Aristotle d- Democritus
6- The scientist who give definition of element
a-Democritus b-Dalton. c- boyle d-Rutherford.
7- Each of the following is among Dalton's theory postulates, except that
a- The atom is smallest part of matter.
b- Each element is formed of similar atoms called atoms.
c- Atoms of the elements contain protons, neutrons and electrons.
d- The masses of the atoms of the same element are similar.
8- By show the model of Dalton atom we conclude that
a- The atom contains vast space.
b- The atom considered as uniform electric ball.
c- The atom solid particle.
d- Atoms of the elements contain nucleus
9-Which of the following examples agrees with Dalton's postulates?
a-Hydrogen can combine with oxygen to form water in more than one numerical ratio.
b-Atoms which form element undividable.
c-The atoms found in any elements are similar
d-The properties elements are the same properties of compound
10- which of the following facts does not match Dalton's atomic model ?
a-The mass of each atom of copper atoms equals 63.5 u
b-The mass of iron atom is less than that of copper atom.
c- Uranium-285 nucleus undergoes fission forming lead.
d- Hydrogen molecule is composed of two atoms.
11-The ratio of atoms that form compound are constant, this is consistent with one of the
postulates of
a-Thomson’s theory. b- Rutherford’s theory.
c-Bohr’s theory. d- Dalton’s theory.
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12- What is the mass ratio of carbon [C = 12] to hydrogen [H = 1] in methane CH4 ?
a-1:4 b-3:2 c-3:1 d-4:1
13- What is the atoms ratio of carbon [C = 12] to hydrogen [H = 1] in methane CH4 ?
a-1:4 b-3:2 c-3:1 d-4:1
14- which of the following can be explained by Dalton model of atom
a-The law of constant proportion b- The difference of element and compound in reaction
c- The difference of isotopes d- The difference of atomic masses

15-Which diagram most closely represents Thomson’s plum pudding model of the atom?

a- b- c- d-

16-Which diagram most closely represents Bohr’s electron shell model of the atom?

a- b- c- d-

17-Which diagram most closely represents Rutherford model of the atom?

a- b- c- d-

18- The properties of the produced cathode rays ?

Choices Source of the cathode rays Effect of an electrical field on these rays

a The positive cathode The rays are deviated towards the positive electrode
b The negative anode The rays are deviated towards the negative electrode
c The positive anode The rays are deviated towards the negative electrode
d The negative cathode The rays are deviated towards the positive electrode

15- All the following are from the properties of the cathode rays, except they………….
a-Have a thermal effect b-move in straight lines
c-are positively charged d-are affected by electric and magnetic fields

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16- How was the plum pudding model different from the hard-sphere model of the atom?
a-The plum pudding model showed electrons making up the corners of a cube.
b-The plum pudding model included negatively charged particles known as electrons.
c-The plum pudding model included positively charged particles known as protons.
d-The plum pudding model described electrons orbiting a central nucleus.
17- What experiment explained the existence of the tiny, negatively charged electrons?
Who performed this experiment?
a-Cathode-ray tube experiment, Dalton.
b -Cathode-ray tube experiment, Rutherford.
c- Cathode-ray tube experiment, Thomson.
d-Gold foil experiment, Thomson.
18- What proposition did Rutherford’s nuclear model of the atom introduce over the
plum pudding model?
a-That particles have mass and are of positive charge.
b-That particles have mass but no charge That electrons are swimming in a positively
charged sphere.
c -That a small dense nucleus is in the center of the atom.
d-That electron shells are of fixed radii.
19- Which theory of the atom came first: Rutherford’s nuclear model, Bohr’s orbital
model, Dalton’s hard sphere model, or Thomson’s plum pudding model?
a-Thomson’s plum pudding model b -Dalton’s hard sphere model
c-Bohr’s orbital model d- Rutherford’s nuclear model.
20- Which of the following ideas was not supported by Dalton’s solid sphere model
of the atom?
a-Atoms can be divided into smaller parts.
b-Atoms can chemically combine to form compounds.
c-Atoms of one element are never transformed into atoms of another element.
d-All elements are made of atoms.
21- Which of the following is not correct about neutrons?
a- They orbit around the nucleus.
b-The mass of neutrons is slightly greater than the mass of protons.
c-Together with protons they form the atomic mass.
d-They are electrically neutral.
22- Which of the following is not true about the gold foil experiment?
a-Most positively charged beta particles passed through the foil without being deflected.
b-A very small number of particles were significantly reflected backward.
c-Some α particles were slightly deflected.
d -The α particles used consisted of two protons and two neutron
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23-Describe the important properties of cathode-rays. What is concluded about the nature
of these rays?
a-Travel in curved lines perpendicular to the cathode’s surface.
b-Have got the heating effect.
c-It is made up of neutral charged particles.
d-When they collide with hard metals such as tungsten, do not emit X-rays.
24- Cathode rays have…………
a- mass only. b- charge only. c-neither mass nor charge. d- mass and charge.
25- Rutherford's model of atom
a- Is the recently accepted model of atom.
b- Assumed that the atom is solid.
c- Explained the unique atomic spectrum of the different elements.
d- Assumed that the charge of the electrons equals the charge of the nucleus.
26- Which of the following observations shows the invalidity of the claim that the atom is
solid, as presumed by Thomson and Dalton ?
a- Deviation of some alpha particles upon collision with the gold foil.
b- Penetration of a small fraction of alpha particles upon collision with the gold foil.
C-Reflection of a small percentage of alpha particles upon collision with the gold foil.
d-Appearance of flashes on the sensitive plate behind the gold foil after falling of alpha
particles on it.
27- All the following are among the properties of the cathode rays, except being…………..
a-a stream of electrons. b- Charged particles.
c- Moving at the speed of light. d- Deflected by the effect of a magnetic field
28-The gold foil experiment which is carried out in Rutherford's lab
a- confirmed Thomson’s atomic theory. b- led to discover electrons.
C-led to discovering the nucleus of the atom.
d- Included using of a source of beta particles.
29-The cathode rays experiment which is carried out by Thomson reach to
a- Discovering the electrons of the atom.
b- Discovering the protons of the atom.
C- Discovering the nucleus of the atom.
d- using of a source of alpha particles.
30- After carrying out Rutherford's experiment using a foil of gold and alpha particles. all
the following were concluded, except
a- The small size of the nucleus of the atom.
b- The charge of the nucleus.
c-The atomic masses of the elements.
d- The presence of the electrons around the nucleus.
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31-When alpha particles and cathode rays are exposed to an electric field or
a magnetic field, they
a-Move with the same speed.
b- Pass in opposite directions from each other.
c- Pass together in the same direction.
d- Are not affected by either of them.
32-In Rutherford's experiment, the ratio of the number of alpha particles which were pass
through ………………………to that of alpha particles which reflected is
a-more than b- less than c-equal d-no relation
33-The failure of the atomic model of Rutherford is attributed to that it did not explain
a- The nature of the movement of the electrons around the nucleus.
b- The presence of a nucleus in the atom.
c-The presence of attraction forces between the protons and the electrons.
d- The presence of space between the nucleus and the electrons.
32-Dalton and Thomson agreed on that the atom of copper
a-contains a positively charged nucleus
b-has no spaces within it.
c-contains negative electrons.
d- Atom can be divisible.
33- Electrical neutrality was first mentioned in……………
a-Democritus’s perception of matter.
b-Dalton’s atom.
c-Boyle’s concept of matter.
d-Thomson’s atom.
34-When the potential difference between the two electrodes of a discharge tube reaches
around 10000 volts, it is noticed that………………..
a-The electrical conductivity of the gas in the tube decreases.
b-The resistance of the gas in the tube to the electron passage increases.
c- a flash occurs at the cathode on the wall of the discharge tube.
d-a flash occurs at the anode on the wall of the discharge tube.
35- Particle like character of cathode rays is indicated by……………….
a- Their ability to move in straight lines.
b- Their ability to induce flashes on the sensitive plates.
c- Their deviation when passed in an electric or a magnetic field.
d- Their thermal effect.

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36- which of the following is correct for the properties of the cathode rays ?
a-Heat a thin metal sheet that stand in their way as they move in straight line.
b– Move a light ball of the foam as they move in straight lines.
c- affected by the electrical fields as they are material particles.
d- Heat a thin metal sheet that stands in their way as they have thermal effect.
37-Who are the two scientists who agreed on that most of the atom is empty space
a-Geiger and Marsden. b. Boyle and Dalton.
c. Thomson and Bohr. d. Rutherford and Bohr.
38-On heating gases or vapors to a high temperature under low pressure, they
a-absorb light. b-emit visible or invisible rays.
c-emit gamma rays. d-emit alpha particles.
39- The ability of the gases to conduct electricity can be enhanced by………
a-increasing the gas pressure as well as the potential difference between the two
electrodes of the conduct tube.
b- decreasing the gas pressure as well as the potential difference between the two
electrodes of the conduct tube.
c-decreasing the gas pressure and increase the potential difference between the two
electrodes of the conduct tube.
d-increasing the gas pressure and decrease the potential difference between the two
electrodes of the conduct tube.
40- which statement represent Rutherford experiment ?
a-when abeam of beta particle falls on gold sheet, it is absorbed.
b- when abeam of gamma particle falls on gold sheet, liberates electrons.
c - when abeam of helium atoms falls on gold sheet, it is deflected.
d- when abeam of helium nuclei falls on gold sheet, it is deflected.

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 What is the conditions need to produce of cathode rays?
1- low pressure
2-high potential differnce reach to 10000v

What is difference between Dalton and Rutherford model

Dalton : atom is solid sphere

Rutherford :atom contain vast spaces

why electrons don not fall in nucleus although they move with ahigh speed

3- Electrons revolve around the nucleus in a fixed orbit as electrons are affected by two forces
equal in strength but in opposite direction, which are:
A. Force of attraction of the nucleus to electrons.
B. Centrifugal force due to velocity of electron around the nucleus.

why Aristotle refused the concept of atom

1-He believed on all matters composed of 4 constituents which are
(water, air, dust and fire)
2-He postulated that the cheap metals such as
iron or copper can be changed into precious ones like gold by changing
the percentage of four constituents.

What are the results of Rutherford

1-Most of the atom is an empty not solid as
explained by Dalton and Thomson.
2-The dense part of the atom which concentrate in it
most mass have same charge of alpha particle (+ve)
3-The atom has very small part with very small
volume but high density. (Nucleus)