MAINBOARD COMPONENTS WITH THEIR FUNCTIONS

The mainboard, also known as motherboard, motherboard or motherboard, is one of the basic
components, if not the most relevant, in a PC. Its function is vital and much of the overall
performance quality is determined by this component. Its function is to manage the processor
and interconnect the different peripherals.

Just as the processor is the brain, the motherboard is the nervous system.

 On these boards there are a large number of power lines (Buses), which interconnect
different types of connectors soldered to them. All other devices necessary for the
correct operation of the equipment are connected to this board (expansion cards, hard
disk drives, optical drives, power supply, the microprocessor, etc.).
 Interconnect all internal devices, such as hard drives, optical drives, floppy drives, etc.
 Through ports, allow the entry and exit of information with different external devices.
 Allow the expansion of computer capabilities through special expansion card slots.
 House the brain of the computer: The microprocessor, in a space connector for it.
 Adapt to the speed of the microprocessor through a special integrated circuit called
"chipset" which is also soldered to the board.
 Optionally integrate certain video, audio and network devices on the board and avoid
the use of expansion cards.
 It houses the brain of the computer: The microprocessor, in a space connector for it.
 Adapt to the speed of the microprocessor through a special integrated circuit called
"Chipset" which is also soldered to the board.
  Optionally integrate certain video, audio and network devices on the board and avoid
the use of expansion cards.
 Distribute adequate electricity to its different elements mounted on it (chipset, ports,
RAM memories, etc.).

COMPONENTS
PCI slots : cards that have different functions are inserted, that is: video, audio, modem, TV,
USB ports, etc., generally known as PCI modem cards and so on. In the other you can identify it
by the white color. There are others that are brown or yellow.

BIOS: is a program that is not on the hard drive. The BIOS stores the basic information of the
computer. Saves day and time data, cache, disk configurations, protection passwords, etc.

CNR Slot: It is the slot for the card and Interconnector developed by Intel that supports sound,
modem and Network Interface Cards.
IDE1-IDE2: it is the part of the motherboard where you connect the hard drive or CD ROM
drives, it is called that because they are connected through a bus cable called IDE type, so the
motherboard usually has two inputs, one called ide1 and another called ide2, once connected
to each cable the computer will recognize the units as MASTER.

PCU socket: is an electromechanical electrical connection and support system, installed on the
motherboard, used to fix and connect a microprocessor.

Parallel Port: it is an interface between a computer and a peripheral. The parallel port
transmits information byte by byte, meaning that the 8 data bits that make up a byte travel
together. An example of a parallel port is the printer port.
RAM Memory (Random Access Memory): - It is the working memory of the computer since
when it is running it stores application information, as well as data processed by the
applications, the information contained in it. It disappears when the computer is turned off.

ROM memory: memory that can only be read, it contains instructions that cannot be erased,
such as a program called BIOS, which controls the keyboard, mouse, monitor and other
peripherals.

Hard Drive: It is the computer's storage device, it stores the computer's operating system (for
example Windows), the applications (Word, Excel, Power Point) and their data (the files we
create with the Applications). Information can also be saved on floppy disks, compact discs
"CDs", and some other drives such as ZIP backup drives, Iomega, tapes etc.
MEMORY SLOTS: These are the connectors where the main memory of the PC, the RAM, is
mounted or inserted.

THE CHIPSET: It is a set of chips that are responsible for controlling specific functions of the PC,
such as the way the microprocessor interacts and communicates with the memory, the DMA
controllers, the timer chip, hard disk controllers, or control of PCI, AGP, USB ports, etc.

EXPANSION SLOTS: These are plastic slots or slots with electrical connectors where expansion
boards such as the video card, sound card, network card, modem, etc. are inserted. Depending
on the technology on which they are based, they have a different external appearance, with a
different size and even a different color. Slot Types:-[ISA]- -[PCI]- -[AGP]-
CACHE MEMORY : This is a very fast type of memory that is used as a bridge between the
microprocessor and the main memory (RAM), so that the most used data can be found sooner,
accelerating the performance of the PC.

INTERNAL CONNECTORS: These are connectors for internal devices, such as the floppy drive,
the hard drive, the CD-ROM, etc., even for the serial, parallel and joystick ports if the board is
not ATX format.

BATTERY: The accumulator (Battery) is responsible for storing the BIOS parameters when the
PC is turned off without them being lost, otherwise every time we turn on the PC we would
have to enter the characteristics and parameters of the hard drive, the chipset, the date and
the time, etc.
Front panel: has 10 pins including one dead pin, connects the tower to the mineboard to turn
on the computer.

Power switch: on and off button

Power led: to know that the tower is on, it is generally green.

Roset switche: break button.

FDD or FDC connector: connects data buses with 40 and 80 lines, it has 34 pins.

SATA connectors: connect SATA type hard drives and Blu-ray

USB connectors:

 "Type A" connectors, which are rectangular in shape and are generally used for devices
that consume low bandwidth (such as keyboards, mice, and webcams),
 "Type B" connectors, which are square-shaped and are generally used for devices with
high bandwidth requirements (such as external hard drives),
Serial port: A serial port or serial port is a digital data communications interface, frequently
used by computers and peripherals, where information is transmitted bit by bit, sending a
single bit at a time; in contrast to the parallel port which sends several bits simultaneously.

Parallel port: A parallel printer port on the back of a Compaq N150 laptop. A parallel port is an
interface between a computer and a peripheral, whose main characteristic is that data bits
travel together, sending one byte packet at a time. That is, a cable or a physical path is
implemented for each data bit, forming a bus. Through the parallel port we can also control
peripherals such as lights, motors, among other devices.
VIDEO CARD: A video card, also called a graphics card (among other names), is responsible for
processing the data that comes from the main processor (CPU or CPU) and converting it into
information that can be represented on devices such as monitors and televisions.

NETWORK CARD: The network card, also known as a network card, network adapter or LAN
adapter, is the periphery that acts as a connection interface between devices or devices, and
also makes it possible to share resources (hard drives, printers, etc.) between two or more
computers, that is, in a computer network.

AUDIO CARD: A sound card or sound card is an expansion card for computers that allows
audio output controlled by a computer program called a driver.
HDMI PORT: High-Definition Multimedia Interface or HDMI is an uncompressed encrypted
digital audio and video standard supported by the industry as a replacement for the SCART.
HDMI provides an interface between any digital audio and video source such as a DTT tuner, a
Blu-ray player, a tablet PC, a computer (Microsoft Windows, Linux, Apple Mac OS /V, and a
compatible digital audio/video monitor, such as a digital television (DTV).