Measures of Descriptive and Inferential
Statistics
This lesson provides an overview of measures of descriptive and inferential statistics, including
their definitions, purposes, and scenarios for use.
A Recap on Descriptive Statistics
● Mean: The average of all data points
● Median: The middle value in a data set
● Mode: The most frequently occurring value(s)
● Range: The difference between the highest and lowest values
● Variance: A measure of how much the values differ from the mean
● Standard Deviation: The average distance of each data point from the mean
● Interquartile Range (IQR): The difference between the 75th and 25th percentiles
● Skewness: A measure of the asymmetry of the distribution
● Kurtosis: A measure of the 'tailedness' of the distribution
● Percentiles/Quartiles: Divide the data into equal parts
One Sample T-test
01 When to Use: Compare average score 02 Definition: Determines if the mean of
of sample data to a predefined score a sample is significantly different
from a known population mean
03 Purpose: Test hypotheses about the
04 Scenario Example: Testing the
mean of a population with unknown effectiveness of a new diet plan
standard deviation
Independent Sample T-test
● Definition: Compares means of two
independent groups
● Purpose: Compare means between unrelated
groups on the same variable
● When to Use: Find significant difference on
numeric sample data between two groups
● Scenario Example: Comparing the
effectiveness of two teaching methods
Paired Sample T-test
01 When to Use: Compare numeric data 02 Definition: Compares means of two
or average values between two time related groups
frames
03 Purpose: Analyze effects of
04 Scenario Example: Analyzing the
treatment or intervention on a single impact of medication on blood
group pressure
One-Way Between-Groups ANOVA
01 When to Use: Check differences in 02 Definition: Compares means of three
average values among multiple or more independent groups
independent groups
03 Purpose: Identify significant
04 Scenario Example: Comparing the
differences between means of effectiveness of different diets
independent groups
Chi-Square Tests for Independence
01 When to Use: Measure relationship 02 Definition: Determines association
between two categorical data between two categorical variables
03 Purpose: Assess relationship or
04 Scenario Example: Analyzing
independence between categorical association between gender and
variables product preference
Pearson Correlation Test
● Definition: Measures strength and direction of
linear relationship between two continuous
variables
● Purpose: Quantify degree of linear relationship
between variables
● When to Use: Investigate linear relationship
between numeric or ordinal variables
● Scenario Example: Exploring relationship
between study hours and test scores
Conclusion
01 They identify relationships between 02 Inferential statistical tests are
variables and predict outcomes essential for data analysis
03 They enable researchers to draw
04 By selecting the appropriate test,
conclusions about populations from analysts can provide robust evidence
samples to support their hypotheses
Thank you for your time 😊
