Works Programming Concepts
Uploaded by
ScribdTranslationsWorks Programming Concepts
Uploaded by
ScribdTranslationsConcepts of Works Programming.
Planning or Programming of Works?
One of the first concepts that we must be very clear about when scheduling a work is
the concept of project planning. Although the terms are very similar, the concepts
contained in both terms are very different.
What is Work Planning?
The planning of a work is the set of decisions that the Project Management makes to
carry out the work, these decisions ranging from the number of fronts to attack, the
simultaneity of advance between the fronts, the sequence of advance, the location of
workshops, the location of camps, the deadline to carry out a project, the location of
materials in the field, the physical space of the work, the physical space that the
materials will occupy, the construction system, technological innovation, the
constructability of the project, the number of personnel to be hired, etc., to this entire set
of decisions that Project Management makes is what we call Regional Planning of the
Work, and they are questions that all Project Managers ask and answer when they go to
start planning a work. It is clear that the decisions we make at this stage and how
accurate we are when choosing the best alternatives for each of these questions will
depend largely on the success or failure of the project assigned. In summary, the
planning of a project begins with the planning of each and every detail of the work and
as a consequence of this planning, the work schedule is prepared.
What is Work Programming?
The work schedule is the result of project planning and it details all the tasks necessary
to complete the project within the planned deadlines, as well as the durations, the
beginning and end of each task and the resources and costs of each activity. In the
programming of the work we can find the Critical Path of the project, which is nothing
other than the set of tasks linked to each other that, having no slack, determine the
execution period of the project. A delay in any of the tasks that make up the Critical
Path will mean a delay in the project execution period, therefore these tasks require
special attention and a lot of control by the Project Management.
Free Clearance and Total Clearance:
In the previous concept we have defined what is called Critical Path of the project,
associated with the Critical Path of the project we find the terms of free slack and total
slack, free slack is called the maximum period (time) that an activity can be delayed
without For the successor activity to be delayed without affecting the critical path of the
project, total slack refers to the maximum time that an activity can be delayed without
affecting the total project deadline. When the total slack (simply slack) is zero, the task
is said to be critical and is part of the Critical Path.
Grantt and Pert diagrams:
Grantt Bar diagrams are widely used techniques that consist of a task chart and bars
graphed within a calendar that shows the execution period in a way that determines the
start and end of each task in addition to its duration. It is a technique that was born in
the USA and that allowed the successful completion of large-scale projects, saving
money and execution time.
Network Diagrams:
It is a method used to analyze the logical sequence of the execution of work. Through
the precedence network diagram, the critical path of the project can also be determined.
Microsoft Project generates it automatically from a Grantt bar diagram. The only
condition for it to be generated is that there is a link between tasks.
Planning of works by the work train method .
Currently, planning methods by work trains are gaining wide diffusion. This method
consists of determining unitary crews to execute work fronts lasting 1 day so that a daily
work flow and a construction sequence are generated in which all the activities are
critical and all of them have a duration of 1 day, the advantage of this method is that it is
easy to control or monitor the tasks involved, deviations can be corrected immediately
they occur and adequate control of the physical progress of the activity is carried out.
construction site. However, in order to apply this planning system, it must be combined
with the following essential requirements to guarantee the success of the system:
Requirements that a work train schedule must meet:
1.- There must be adequate overall general planning of the project (full horizon
planning).
2.- An intermediate horizon planning must be carried out, that is, a program of 3 to 4
weeks (Three Week Program) where all the restrictions that will have to be overcome
prior to the execution of the work in the following weeks can be foreseen, solving in
advance. possible engineering problems of the project, supply of materials, equipment
and personnel for the execution of the work.
3.- Carry out a weekly compliance program prepared by the field personnel directly in
charge of execution (Last Planner Program) where the compliance of the previous week
is evaluated and the program for the following week is prepared, reviewing that any
errors have been corrected. all the restrictions observed in the intermediate horizon
program (Three Week) and only activities without restrictions are scheduled for
fulfillment in order to generate highly effective weekly programs.
Having carried out a quick review of the planning systems, we can begin to review the
concepts of works scheduling with Microsoft Projet.
FIRST STEPS WITH MICROSOFT
PROJECT 2003
Starting to generate our information for planning
The first step, to begin planning the work, is to generate our data table. The minimum
fields that this table must contain are the following: name of the item, unit meter, unit
yield of the item where the performance of the item must be recorded. the unitary crew
and the number of crews with which the work will be executed. With these data we can
calculate the time that the activity or game will last using the following formula:
Time (days) = Metre (unit performance x No. of crews)
LINKING TASKS USING THE FIELD
"Predecessor"
Another way for the tasks of our project is to use the predecessor field that appears in
the data sheet of the Gantt chart view. To view this field, place the cursor over the start
line of the task calendar and click and drag the cursor to extend the data entry area, once
you do this you will be able to view the “predecessor” field. To link tasks together using
said field, do the following:
