UNIVERSITY OF CHICLAYO

FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

VAGINAL INFECTION
SUBJECT: Nursing education

MEMBERS:
YOUR
VCarranza Severino Junior Paul. Vaginal GUIDE TO
V Chapoñan Fernández María
V Mendoza Sánchez Flor Stefany.
HEALT
V Montalván Córdova Iderlinda infections H
V Palomino La Rosa Delia Mariela
V Santamaria Tapia Jassury.
•Millián Mary bull.
VValdivia Gabriel Mario
VVelásquez Ucañay Sandra Janeth.
{Villalobos Guevara Diego Banner.

TEACHER: Rossana Loza Zúñiga

 VAGINAL INFECTIONS

GOALS This research aims to achieve the following

objectives:
Know what vaginal infections are.
What are the risk factors for vaginal infections.
What are the types of vaginal infections.
Know th main risk factors that cause th infections
e e
vaginal.
Identify th signs and symptoms that allow diagnosis of the
e infection
vaginal.
Identify th main complications caused by th infections
e e
vaginal.
Identify what prevention measures are for vaginal infections.
Promote genital hygiene in women with vaginal infection.
 INTRODUCTION
This monograph focused its study on Vaginal Hygiene, as a constant culture in Women
whose problem was raised since they are one of the most common problems that can be
observed in the community.
These types of problems can lead to a series of pathologies, simply by not maintaining
adequate hygiene.
According to Sanofi Aventis (2015) , in Peru, 42.2% of women have had
these infections at least once, which could be easily controlled by promoting
healthy lifestyles, such as intimate hygiene.
 CHAPTER I
1.1 WHAT ARE THE According to Brunner (2015) , vaginitis is an
VAGINAL INFECTIONS?
inflammation of the vagina due to the invasion of
this duct by Candida, Trichomonas or various types
of bacteria; The normal white discharge that usually
occurs in small amounts at ovulation or just before

Moniliastic
menstruation begins becomes more abundant. This
vulvovaginitis
(vaginal yeast Trichomonas
vaginitis
discharge causes itching, odor, redness, burning or
infection)

edema, which could be aggravated by urination and

defecation.
 Marega, O. (2011), states that the risk factors for acquiring a
1.2 RISK FACTORS FOR
VAGINAL INFECTIONS
vaginal infection are diverse, here we will mention the main
ones :

• Use scented soaps, intimate deodorants:

• Taking broad spectrum antibiotics

• Poor hygiene technique after going to the bathroom

• Perform sitz baths

• Taking corticosteroids for a long time

• Using the bidet shower and/or doing internal vaginal douches

• Use panty liners or permanent use intimate wipes

• Wear lycra, nylon, or similar sports clothing

• Little or continuous and frequent grooming of the genitals

CLASSIFICATION OF THE
VAGINAL INFECTIONS 1.VAGINAL
CANDIDIASIS
1. DEFINITION

Candidiasis, a common vaginal yeast infection, that is, an inflammation of your vagina. in the vagina
Both bacteria and fungi live there, but when the population of the fungus Candida albicans increases, it
can
occur ca idiasis. This fungus can increase when your immune system is weakened or
when the beneficial bacteria (the so-called lactobacilli) are not able to maintain the fungus
under
control.
2.
SYMPTOMS
Symptoms of vaginal yeast infection can be mild to moderate and
understand the following:

• Itching and irritation of the vagina and

vulva
• Burning sensation, especially during sexual intercourse or urination

Redness cough or inflammation of

the vulva
Pain sy vaginal discomfort

vaginal pulling

thick, white, odorless vaginal discharge that looks like cheese

cottage

watery vaginal
3. CAUSES
There are multiple predisposing factors to candidal infection: some depend on the host and others on
environmental conditions.
The causes schematically:

□ Situations that alter the protective intestinal or genital flora, such as prolonged intake of antibiotics.
□ Situations that increase the amount of glucose in the blood: diabetes, overweight, obesity,
excessive intake of alcohol or carbohydrates.
□ Excessive and prolonged humidity.
□ Situations that reduce the function of the immune system: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),
transplants, chemotherapy, etc.
□ Use of underwear made of synthetic materials.
□ Hormonal changes in situations of pregnancy or hormonal contraception.
 4. TREATMENT

Schwarcz, R. (2014) ,
Lowdermilk (2012) states that when
recommends the use of
the person has already developed this
antibiotics for the treatment of
infection, their treatment of choice is
andidiasis.such as nystatin for
fungicides, metronidazole based on its good
amphoteric e local or the antianaerobic activity and its action,
oral route it B, and the although relative, against G. vaginalis; It
nitrofurans, h how the is preferable to use the regimen of 500
itrofurantoin eand furazoline. mg every 12 hours for 7 days. The main
It is also doner by proceeding alternative to this treatment is the
Vaginal wipe with a application of topical 2% clindamycin in
cotton swab soaked in the form of creams or suppositories for
s to sodium bicarbonate ion, 7-10 days.
viol followed by brush strokes
with
of gentian at 1 or 2%.
5. PREVENTION
1. KEY RECOMMENDATIONS TO AVOID CANDIDIASIS

Avoid using deodorants and scented products in and around the intimate
area (for more information, see the box below).

below
* )Avoid stress and lead a healthy lifestyle, to maintain a strong immune
system •+Avoid foods with a lot of sugar

If you are taking antibiotics, consult your health care

professional before starting any yeast infection treatment.
Change tampons or pads frequently. Always wipe from
front to back after using the sink. Change underwear after
swimming and exercising.
 TRICHOMONIASIS
1.DEFINITION
For Lowdermilk (2012) , Vaginal Trichomoniasis is a vaginal infection caused by a
flagellated protozoan called Trichomonas vaginalis and is often called “trich”. This
parasite lives in moist parts of the body, which is contracted by having sex (oral,
vaginal or anal) without using a condom with an infected person.
An infected person can transmit the parasite to another person who does not have
the infection during sexual intercourse. In women, the most frequently infected area
of the body is the lower part of the genital tract (the vulva, vagina or urethra) and in
men it is the internal part of sexual intercourse, the
parasite is usually transmitted from the
penis to the vagina or from the vagina to
the penis, but it can also be transmitted
from one vagina to another.
—N

penis (urethra). During th

e
 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Around More than 70% of infected people do not present signs or symptoms. When the
Trichomoniasis causes symptoms, which can range from mild irritation to severe
inflammation. Some people develop symptoms within 5 to 28 days after being
infected, but others develop symptoms much later. Symptoms can appear and
dissappear.
Women with trichomoniasis may notice:
> Itch

> Burning redness or pain in the genitals inconvenience when

urinating
> a clear discharge with an unusual odor that may be clear,
white, yellowish, or greenish.
It is impossible to diagnose trichomoniasis based
on symptoms alone. For both men and women,
a primary care doctor or other health care
provider must perform an exam and laboratory
test to diagnose trichomoniasis.

Using latex condoms correctly every time you

have sex will help reduce your risk of getting or
transmitting trichomoniasis. However, condoms
do not cover the entire area and it is possible to
get or transmit this infection even when using
one.
The only sure way to prevent sexually
transmitted infections is to avoid sex altogether.
TREATMENT
Metronidazole in a single oral dose of 2
g cures the vast majority of infections.
Cure rates of up to 90% are known when
sexual partners, who are usually
asymptomatic, are treated
simultaneously. To the subjects who
No they respond
satisfactorily, a single dose should be
administered 800 mg every 12 hours for
five days. Others are also very effective
derivatives 5-
nitroimidazoles, particularly tinidazole,
nimorazol and ornidazole.
 BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS

According to Lowdermilk (2012) , bacterial vaginosis is caused by an

imbalance of the vaginal flora in which anaerobic bacteria such as Gardnerella
vaginalis predominate). It is characterized by a white or grayish vaginal
discharge with a fish-like odor, which is noticeable after intercourse or during
menstruation.

This infection does

SYMPTOM not always have
S symptoms

thin and abundant vaginal discharge,

fishy smell. Gardnerella vaginalis

The discharge may be white, dull gray,

Bacterial vaginosis
you feel itching or burning.
 DIAGNOSIS

A diagnostic method for BV was originally proposed by Amsel and is still widely used
today.

Vaginal pH above 4.5, the production of a 'fishy' odor when 10% KOH is added to a
sample of vaginal secretion (positive amine test), the presence of 'cue' cells and an
increase in discharge vaginal, which is homogeneous milky type and adherent to the
vagina.

The gradation of microbial flora seen in Gram-stained vaginal smears was first
described by Spiegel but was found only moderately reliable.
 TREATMENT

Bacterial vaginosis is usually cured

easily with antibiotics:

tablets
gels creams metronidazol and
oral e
clindamycin. the
 CHLAMIDIA VAGINITIS

Chlamydia infection
Chlamydia infection is a common STD that can
infect both men and women. It can cause
Fertility Sterility
serious and permanent damage to a woman's Obstruction of the

reproductive system and make it more difficult

or impossible for her to get pregnant in the
future. Chlamydia infection can also cause an
ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy that occurs
outside the uterus) which can be fatal.
If you are pregnant, you can pass it to your
baby during childbirth.

The infection blocks the fallopian

tube and prevents fertilization
Yo_________ AM I AT RISK OF CONTRACTING CHLAMIDIA
AS CAN INFECTION?
Anyone who has sex can get chlamydia
AVOID infection through unprotected anal, vaginal,
GET THE INFECTION FROM or oral sex. However, young sexually active
people are at greater risk of contracting this
infection. This is due to behavioral and
protect yourself from biological factors common among young
contracting lamidia if: people. Gay, bisexual, and other men who
sexual intercourse; have sex with men are also at risk because
mutually long-term chlamydia infection can be spread through
relationship with a oral and anal sex.
person who has had
STD results performed;
latex s and dams
correct form every
time sexual tions.
 Most people who have chlamydia infection do not have symptoms. If you
have symptoms, they may not appear for several weeks after you have had sex with an infected
person. Even when it doesn't cause symptoms, chlamydia infection can
SYMPTOM damage your reproductive system.
Women with symptoms may notice the following:
S ❖ abnormal vaginal discharge;
❖ burning sensation when urinating.
Chlamydia is treated with antibiotics. The recommended antibiotic
treatment is doxycycline, twice daily for seven days or azithromycin in a
single dose. Other alternative medications can be used, but they are not
as effective as azithromycin and doxycycline. People being treated for
chlamydia should not have sex for seven days after single-dose therapy
or until they have completed seven days of antibiotics. Patients can be
infected again if their sexual partners do not receive treatment.

TREATMENT
 GONOCOCCAL VAGINITIS

The bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae) can also cause

vaginitis, the same bacteria that causes the sexually transmitted disease
known as gonorrhea.
Symptoms
Yellowish or bloody vaginal discharge (in women) or yellowish-white discharge from
the penis (in men)
Pain or burning when urinating (in men and women)
V Pain or swelling in the testicles.
{ Vaginal bleeding during intercourse.
{ Pain in the lower abdomen (pelvis) during intercourse (in women).
V The symptoms of gonococcal infection may resemble other medical conditions.
Always consult your doctor for diagnosis.
Treatment
Specific treatment for gonococcal infection will be determined by your doctor based
on the following:
Your age, general health, and medical history.
o
The severity of the symptoms.
o
Your tolerance to certain medications, procedures or therapies.
o
Expectations for the course of the condition.
o
o
Your opinion or preference.
y
e Left
untreated,
gonococcal
infection
can lead to
pelvic
amatory
disease
 Viral vaginitis is an infection of the
VAGINITIS vagina that can be caused by the genital
VIRAL herpes virus (herpes simplex virus type
2) or the human papillomavirus (HPV).
Each virus causes different symptoms,
so it is important to confirm the type of
viral vaginal infection to adopt the
appropriate treatment. What both
viruses do share is that they can be
transmitted sexually.
 They are one of the most common causes of vaginitis, a term that encompasses infection or
inflammation of the vagina. Vaginal infections caused by viruses can be persistent, and in fact the
herpes simplex virus has no cure, although it does have effective treatment to reduce symptoms
and outbreaks.
Herpes simplex virus infection can be due to type 1 (HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2). The former is transmitted
primarily by mouth-to-mouth contact and causes cold sores, although it can also be transmitted by oral-
genital contact and cause genital herpes. The herpes simplex virus type 2 is
VIRUS transmitted almost exclusively sexually and causes infections in the genital
HERPES SIMPLE or anal area (genital herpes).
The most common symptoms of herpes simplex viral vaginitis are:
• Itching in the genital area.
• Redness of the skin.
• Appearance of blisters on the vulva and vaginal opening.
• Swelling of the neck uterus.
• Discomfort when urinating.
• Inflammation of the urethra.
 This virus, of which there are more than one hundred
VIRUS types, can cause infections in the genital area. HPV can
HUMAN PAPILLOMA be transmitted during sexual intercourse, skin-to-skin
contact, or oral sex.
HPV infection can be asymptomatic, except in the case of
viral warts appearing in the genital area.
 TREATMENT
When viral vaginitis is caused by genital herpes it can be treated with antiviral drugs ,
such as acyclovir, famciclovir and valacyclovir.
Treatment of warts caused by human papillomavirus includes the topical drugs
podophyllin, Imiquimod, or
trichloroacetic acid. Other newer
methods are cryotherapy with liquid
nitrogen, surgery or the use of laser.
{N
 CHAPTER II
PROMOTE GENITAL HYGIENE
IN WOMEN WITH INFECTION
VAGINAL
> Bonnet and Garrote (2010) state that the products that should be used for genital hygiene must be
designed and their composition adapted, in such a way as to guarantee effective elimination of
physiological secretions from the area (sweat, urethral and genital secretions). ),
as well as any traces of dirt that may accumulate
> The basic properties that this range of products should have are:
• Dermocompatibility with the mucosal surface.
• Absence of aggressiveness, which can be used daily without causing irritation
and dryness in the genital area.
• Gentle cleansing action, respectful of the hydrolipidic mantle and the resident
flora of the genital area. They should alter the barrier function as little as
possible.
• Refreshing and anti-odorant action.
• Slightly acidic pH, as close as possible to the pH of the area to be treated.
 Menstruation is an important factor when talking about intimate
hygiene, because although the blood that flows outward is clean, it is
resu necessary to change the towel or tampon several times a day,
whi which is supported by cleanliness during bathing and washing.
ch night
 NURSING INTERVENTIONS IN GENITAL HYGIENE

T
hNursing interventions applicable to cases of vaginal infections described above include: ensuring that
•
medical treatment is fully followed in a rigid manner in terms of schedule and dosage.
Explain that you should not drink any drinks during treatment.
•
alcoholic and inactivates the action of medications and can
already cause neurological disorders.
Teach the patient non-pharmacological treatment
to avoid pain, if it occurs, such as an analgesic
position and the elimination of factors that do not
contribute to resting from breathing to avoid
constipation, maintain hygiene and not have
sexual intercourse until the treatment is completed
n and symptoms disappear.
measure to take into account is to provide information in a
simple and concrete way about care and the symptoms and
ac signs of a new vaginal infection .
pre
CONCLUSIONS
This work was successfully completed, reaching the following
conclusion:
❖ It was learned what vaginal infections are and what the types of
vaginal infections are.
❖ The main risk factors that cause vaginal infections were known.
❖ The signs and symptoms that allow the diagnosis of vaginal
infection were identified, but the main complications caused by
vaginal infections were also identified.
❖ However, it was identified what prevention measures are to the
infections vaginal.
 RECOMMENDATIONS

□ Keep the genital area clean and dry

Avoid using products
Perfumed intimate hygiene in the
genital area. □ If you feel any discomfort such as itching,
xextremely tight □ Wear cotton burning or abnormal discharge, see a specialist;
avoid self-prescribing.
underwear, take care □ Use a condom during sexual relations to protect
Avoi wearing pants yourself from sexually transmitted diseases.
d □ Urinate before and after having sexual
of hygiene after sexual intercourse.
intercourse □ Wash your hands before and after going to the
r antibiotics frequently cause a bathroom, paying special attention when using
toilet paper to avoid contaminating the vulva
vaginal infection. with bacteria from the rectum.
pu
 • BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES
•
Brunner & Suddarth Medical Surgical Nursing . Vol I. 12 Edition. McGraw Publishing – Hill
Mexico. 2015.
Schwarcz, Sala, Duverges. Obstetrics . 6th Edition. The Ateneo, Buenos Aires. 2014.
Lowdermilk, D et al. Maternal and child nursing . 8th Editorial Edition. Harcourt/Ocean.
Spain. 2012.
Marega, O. Feminine hygiene and sexual health . 2011
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