MathSmart 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

Book 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

8.1 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

Textbook Example Videos

Example 8.1 Example 8.2 Example 8.3

Level 1

In each of the following, complete the table such that the values of each pair of x and y satisfy the given equation.
(1 – 4)

3x
1. y
5
x –5 0 5 10
y

2. y = 3x – 4

x –2 0 3 4
y

3. 2x + 3y = 5

x –2 1 4 7
y

4. 7x – y + 10 = 0

x –3 –1 0 1
y

Find three solutions of each of the following equations. (5 – 8)

5. y = 4x + 3 6. 6x + y = 10

7. 8x + y – 2 = 0 8. 5x + 3y + 3 = 0

8.1
MathSmart 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

9. Determine whether each of the following ordered pairs is a solution of the equation 2x + 3y = 2.
(a) (1, 0) (b) (3, 2)
(c) (4, –2) (d) (–1, 2)

10. Determine whether each of the following points lies on the graph of the equation 3x – 4y = 8.
7
(a) A(0, –2) (b) B(–2,  )
4
4
(c) C(8, 4) (d) D(  , –3)
3

11. It is given that 2x + y = 4.

(a) Complete the table below.

x –2 –1 0
y

(b) Draw the graph of the equation on a rectangular coordinate plane using a suitable scale.

12. It is given that x – 4y = 6.

(a) Complete the table below.
x –2 2 6
y

(b) Draw the graph of the equation on a rectangular coordinate plane using a suitable scale.

13. (a) Draw the graph of the equation y = 3x + 2 from x = –3 to x = 3.

[Suggested scale for both axes: 2 divisions (1 cm) = 2 units]
(b) Using the graph drawn in (a), answer the following questions.
(i) If A(2, a) lies on the graph, find a.
(ii) Does B(–1, –1) lies on the graph? Hence, determine whether (–1, –1) is a solution of the equation
y = 3x + 2.

14. (a) Draw the graph of the equation 2x – 3y = –5 from x = –4 to x = 5.

[Suggested scale for both axes: 2 divisions (1 cm) = 2 units]
(b) Using the graph drawn in (a), answer the following questions.
(i) If A(a, –1) lies on the graph, find a.
(ii) Does B(–1, 1) lies on the graph? Hence, determine whether (–1, 1) is a solution of the equation
2x – 3y = –5.

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

15. If (1, a) is a solution of the equation 5x + 2y = 8, where a is a constant, find a.

16. If (m, 2) is a solution of the equation 5x – 3y – 4 = 0, where m is a constant, find m.

17. If the point (1, b) lies on the graph of the equation 2x + 7y = 7, where b is a constant, find b.

18. If the point (n, –1) lies on the graph of the equation x – 5y – 9 = 0, where n is a constant, find n.

19. The figure shows the graph of the equation 2x + 4y = 0. y

(a) Find the coordinates of P.

(b) Determine whether the graph passes through the
following points. 6
x
(i) C(2, 0) O

1 P
(ii) D(–1, ) 2x + 4y = 0
2

20. The figure shows the graph of the equation 10 = 5x + 3y. y

(a) Find the coordinates of Q.

(b) Determine whether the graph passes through the
following points.
(i) C(5, –5)
(ii) D(–2, 1) 1 Q

x
O
10 = 5x + 3y

3
21. The figure shows the graph of the equation x y 5. y
2
3
(a) Find the coordinates of S. x y5
2
(b) Determine whether the graph passes through the
following points.
x
10 O
(i) C( , 0)
3
(ii) D(2, –2)
S

8.3
MathSmart 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

Level 2

For each of the following equations, (22 – 25)

(a) draw the graph of the equation from x = –8 to x = 8,
[Suggested scale for both axes: 2 divisions (1 cm) = 2 units]
(b) find the coordinates of the points of intersection of the graph with the x-axis and the y-axis.

22. 4y = 5x 23. 4x + 7y = 28

24. 2x = 4y + 8 25. 16 = 2x + 8y

26. If A(a, 2a) lies on the graph of the equation x + 4y = 18, where a is a constant, find a.

27. If A(2a, 0) and B(0, –b) lies on the graph of the equation x = ay – 12, where a and b are constants, find a
and b.

28. If A(1, 3) and B(b, b) lies on the graph of the equation ax – y = –3, where a and b are constants, find a and b.

29. The figure shows the graph of the equation x + by = 15, y

where b is a constant.
(a) Find b. x + by = 15
3
(b) Find the coordinates of A. x
O
(c) Determine whether each of the following points
–5 A
lies on the graph of the equation x + by = 15.
(i) P(12, 0)
(ii) Q(–15, –10)

30. The figure shows the graph of the equation 4x – by – 6 = 0, y

where b is a constant.
(a) Find b. 6
(b) Find the coordinates of B.
(c) Determine whether each of the following points lies on
the graph of the equation 4x – by – 6 = 0. 2 B
(i) P(–1, 10)
x
(ii) Q(5, –14) O
4x – by – 6 = 0

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

31. It is given that A(2, 0) and B(–1, 3) lie on the graph of the equation x + by – c = 0, where b and c are constants.
(a) Find b and c.
(b) If D(n, –2n) lies on the graph of the equation x + by – c = 0, find n.

32. It is given that A(2, 1) and B(0, –2) lie on the graph of the equation ax + by = 4, where a and b are constants.
(a) Find a and b.
(b) If D(n, n + 1) lies on the graph of the equation ax + by = 4, find n.

33. It is given that the graph of the equation 3x + by – 6 = 0 passes through A(a, 3) and B(–2, –6), where a and b
are constants.
(a) Find a and b.
(b) Draw the graph of the equation 3x + by – 6 = 0 from x = –4 to x = 6.
[Suggested scale for both axes: 2 divisions (1 cm) = 2 units]
(c) Using the graph drawn in (b), find three more integral solutions of the equation 3x + by – 6 = 0.

34. It is given that the graph of the equation ax – by – c = 0 passes through the origin and a : b = 1 : 2, where a, b
and c are constants.
(a) Find c. Hence, express y in terms of x.
(b) Using the result in (a), draw the graph of the equation ax – by – c = 0 from x = –6 to x = 6.
[Suggested scale for both axes: 2 divisions (1 cm) = 2 units]
(c) Using the graph drawn in (b), find three more integral solutions of the equation ax – by – c = 0.

35. It is given that the graph of the equation ax – 2y = 16 passes through A(4, 1 – a) and B(b, 1 – 3b), where a and
b are constants.
(a) Find a and b.
(b) Draw the graph of the equation ax – 2y = 16 from x = –4 to x = 6.
[Suggested scale for both axes: 2 divisions (1 cm) = 2 units]
(c) If the graph of the equation ax – 2y = 16 cuts the y-axis at point P and the x-axis at point Q, find the area
of △OPQ, where O is the origin.

36. The figure shows the graph of the equation ax + by = 6, y

where a and b are constants. ax + by = 6

x
(a) Find a and b. O 6

(b) Suppose C(c, c – 1) lies on the graph of the equation

–3
ax + by = 6.
(i) Find the coordinates of C.
Explain (ii) Janice claims that the graph of the equation 5x – 4y = 0
passes through both the origin and C. Do you agree?
Explain your answer.

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

37. Consider the equation 2y = ax + 18, where a is a positive integer. It is given that C(2 – 2a, 3) and D(–2, 2a)
lie on the graph of the equation 2y = ax + 18.
(a) Find the coordinates of C and D.
(b) Denote the origin by O. Find the area of △OCD.

38. A shop sold x pens and y pencils on a certain day. The selling prices of each pen and pencil are $8 and $5
respectively. The shop received $180 in selling the pens and pencils.
(a) Write down a linear equation in two unknowns connecting x and y.
Explain (b) (i) Doris claims that it is possible that the shop sold 30 pens on that day. Do you agree? Explain your
answer.
(ii) Debby claims that it is possible that the shop sold 10 pencils on that day. Do you agree? Explain
your answer.

39. Consider the equation y = 20x + 100, where $y is the total cost of printing x books.
(a) Write down three integral solutions of the equation.
Explain (b) Is it possible for the total cost of printing x books to be $750? Explain your answer.

9
40. Consider the equation y  x  32 , where yF is the temperature in degree Fahrenheit and xC is the
5
temperature in degree Celsius.
(a) (i) A cube of ice is at 0C. What is its temperature in degree Fahrenheit?
(ii) The lowest possible temperature of an object is –459.67F. What is this temperature in degree
Celsius?
(b) What is the temperature in degree Celsius when x = y?

Level 3

41. A restaurant sold x roasted chickens and y grilled fish on a certain day. The restaurant Hint
makes $50 profit and $40 loss on each roasted chicken and grilled fish sold. It is given
that the restaurant made a profit of $1000 in selling roasted chickens and grilled fish on
that day.
(a) Write down a linear equation in two unknowns connecting x and y.
Explain (b) Is it possible that the restaurant sold 12 roasted chickens on that day? Explain
your answer.
(c) (i) If the restaurant sold 50 grilled fish, how many roasted chickens did the
restaurant sell on that day?
(ii) It is given that the profit percent and the loss percent of selling each roasted
chicken and grilled fish are 20% and 40% respectively. If the restaurant sold
40 roasted chickens on that day, find the overall profit percent.

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

42. Ada walks at an average speed of 0.5 m/s for x hours and then jogs at an average speed of 2 m/s for y hours.
She travels a total of 5.4 km.
(a) Write down a linear equation in two unknowns connecting x and y.
(b) If Ada walks for 1.5 hours, find her average speed for the whole journey in m/s.

43. Vincent travels from point A to point B by bus while he travels from point B to point Hint
C by taxi. The average speeds of the bus and the taxi are 40 km/h and 80 km/h
respectively. It is given that ABC is a straight line and it takes him 0.8 hours to finish
the whole journey. Let AB = x km and BC = y km.
(a) Write down a linear equation in two unknowns connecting x and y.
(b) If Vincent takes the bus for 0.5 hours, find AB and BC.
(c) If AC = 40 km, how many hours does Vincent take the taxi?

Multiple Choice Questions

44. Which of the following is not a linear equation in two unknowns?
A. x = –y
B. x = 5y
C.  3 + x 2 + y = 0
D. x2 + y2 = 25

45. Which of the following points lies on the graph of the equation 2x + 3y = 12?
A. (2, 3)
B. (2, –3)
C. (3, 2)
D. (–3, 2)

46. Which of the following points does not lie on the graph of the equation 3x – 2y + 5 = 0?
A. (–3, –2)
B. (3, 7)
C. (1, 4)
D. (5, –5)

47. Which of the following order pairs is a solution of the equation –2x = y?
A. (–2, 4)
B. (–2, –4)
C. (–4, 2)
D. (–4, –2)

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

48. If A(–1, –4) and B(m, 4) lie on the graph of the equation 2x – y = n, where m and n are constants, then m =
A. –6.
B. –1.
C. 2.
D. 3.

49. If A(3, –1) and B(–6, a) lie on the graph of the equation x – by = 6, where a and b are constants, then a + b =
A. –4.
B. –3.
C. –1.
D. 3.

50. Consider the equation 3y = x. Which of the following must be true?

I. The graph of the equation passes through the origin.
II. (–3, 1) is a solution of the equation.
III. No solutions can be found in quadrant II.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

51. Consider the equation x + y = k, where k is a positive integer. Which of the following must be true?
I. (0, k) is a solution of the equation.
II. (–2k, k) is a solution of the equation.
III. No solutions can be found in quadrant IV.
A. I only
B. I and II only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

52. The figure shows the graph of the equation x + ay + b = 0. y

Which of the following must be true?

2
I. a<0 1
x
II. b<0 O
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2
–1
III. (–10, –9) is a solution of the equation.
–2
A. I and II only –3
–4
B. I and III only x + ay + b = 0
–5
C. II and III only
–6
D. I, II and III

8.8
MathSmart 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

53. The figure shows the graph of the equation ax + y = b. y

Which of the following must be true? ax + y = b

2
I. a>0 1
x
II. a+b=1 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1–1
O
1 2
III. (4, –11) is a solution of the equation. –2
A. I and II only –3
–4
B. I and III only
–5
C. II and III only –6
D. I, II and III

8.9
MathSmart 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

8.2 Solving Simultaneous Linear Equations in Two Unknowns by the Graphical Method

Textbook Example Videos

Example 8.4 Example 8.5

Level 1

In each of the following, write down the solution of the simultaneous equations from their given graphs. (1 – 4)

x  y  0 x  y  3
1.  2. 
x  3y  4  x  2 y  3

y y
x–y=3
3 3
2 2
x – 3y = 4
1 1
x x
O O
–3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5
–1 –1
–2 –2
–3 –3
–4 –4
x + 2y = –3
–5 x+y=0 –5

3 x  y  1  x  6 y  9
3.  4. 
x  5y  5  2 x  y  5

y y
2x – y = –5
3 3
2 2
1 x – 5y = 5 1
x x
O O
–3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2
–1 –1
–2 –2
x + 6y = –9
–3 –3
–4 –4
–5 –5
3x + y = –1

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

In each of the following, write down the solution of the simultaneous equations from their given graphs.
(Give the answers correct to 1 decimal place.) (5 – 8)

3 x  4 y  1 4 x  6 y  1
5.  6. 
2 x  y  2  x  3 y  7
y y

4 4

4x + 6y = 1 x – 3y = –7
3 3
3x – 4y = 1

2 2

1 1

x x
O O
–1 1 2 3 4 –4 –3 –2 –1 1

–1 –1

2x + y = 2

x  4 y  9 2 x  3 y  6
7.  8. 
4 x  y  8 5 x  2 y  10
y y

4x + y = –8 5x + 2y = –10
1 1

x x
O O
–4 –3 –2 –1 1 –4 –3 –2 –1 1

–1 –1

–2 –2

x – 4y = 9
–3 –3

2x – 3y = 6
–4 –4

8.11
MathSmart 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

9. The figure shows the graph of the equation 3x + 2y = 10. y

(a) Consider the equation 2x – y = 2. 5

(i) Complete the table below. 4
3
x 0 1 2
2
y 1
x
(ii) Draw the graph of 2x – y = 2 on the rectangular –2 –1
O
1 2 3 4 5 6
–1
coordinate plane as shown. –2
(b) Hence, solve the simultaneous equations –3
3x + 2y = 10
3 x  2 y  10
 by the graphical method.
2 x  y  2

x
10. Consider the equations y  and 2x + y = 7.
3
(a) Complete the tables below.
x
(i) y (ii) 2x + y = 7
3
x 0 3 6 x 2 4 5
y y
x
(b) Draw the graphs of y  and 2x + y = 7 on the rectangular coordinate plane as shown.
3
y

9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
x
O
–3 –2 –1
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

–2
–3

 x
y 
(c) Using the graphs drawn in (b), solve the simultaneous equations  3 .
 2 x  y  7

8.12
MathSmart 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

In each of the following, solve the simultaneous equations by the graphical method. (Give the answers correct to
1 decimal place if necessary.) (11 – 18)
[Suggested scale for both axes: 10 divisions (1 cm) = 1 unit]
 y  6x 4 x  y  9
11.  12. 
 y  2x  4  y  2x  1

 x  y  12 x  5y  6
13.  14. 
 y  4x  2  y  2x  3

 x
 y  2x y 
15.  16.  2
x  2 y  4  y  5 x  7

 x  y
y  1 x    2
17.  3 18.  5
 y  4 x  9  y  2 x  9

Level 2

19. Consider the equation 2x – y = –38.

(a) (i) Complete the table below.
x –18
y 18 26

(ii) The figure shows the graph of the equation x + 3y = 2. Draw the graph of 2x – y = –38 on the
rectangular coordinate plane as shown.
y

40

30

20
x + 3y = 2
10

x
O
–40 –30 –20 –10 10

–10

x  3y  2
(b) Using the graphs drawn in (a)(ii), solve the simultaneous equations  .
2 x  y  38

8.13
 MathSmart 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

In each of the following, solve the simultaneous equations by the graphical method. (Give the answers correct to
1 decimal place if necessary.) (20 – 29)
[Suggested scale for both axes: 10 divisions (1 cm) = 1 unit]
5 x  y  10 3x  6 y  21  0
20.  21. 
6 x  2 y  7 2 x  y  5

6 x  3 y  14 x  5y  4  0
22.  23. 
3 y  1  2 x x  3y  5

3x  2 y  8 9 x  4 y  7
24.  25. 
6 x  2 y  10 2 x  9 y  6

 2x y x y
 3  2  2  5  3  1
26.  27. 
x  y  2  3x  2 y  2
 4  2 5

0.5 x  0.2 y  3 0.9 x  0.2 y  0.4

28.  29. 
0.1x  0.2 y  0.5 0.5 x  0.3 y  1.2

30. The figure shows the graphs of the equations y x–y=5

x – y = 5 and 3x + 4y = –6. 10
(a) Draw the graph of x + y = 3 on the rectangular
x
coordinate plane as shown. O
–10 10 20 30 40
(b) Hence, solve each of the following simultaneous
–10
equations by the graphical method.
x  y  5 –20
(i) 
x  y  3
–30
3x  4 y  6
(ii) 
x  y  3 –40
3x + 4y = –6

Explain 31. The figure shows the graphs of the equations 2x – y = –4 y

and 3x + 2y = 29. Flora claims that the simultaneous equations 6

2 x  y  4 5
2x – y = –4
 have no solutions. Do you agree? Explain your
3x  2 y  29 4
3 3x + 2y = 29
answer.
2
1
x
O
–2 –1
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6

–2

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

32. (a) Draw the graph of the equation 4x – 3y = 12 on y

the rectangular coordinate plane as shown. 4

(b) Suppose P and Q are points that lie on the x-axis 3

and the y-axis respectively. If the graph of the 2

1
equation 4x – 3y = 12 passes through P and Q,
x
O
find the coordinates of P and Q. –5 –4 –3 –2 –1
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Explain (c) Vanessa claims that the graphs of 4x – 3y = 12 –2

–3
and 2x + 3y – 6 = 0 intersect at Q. Do you agree?
–4
Explain your answer.
–5
–6
–7
–8

Level 3

33. In the figure, L1 is the graph of 3x + 2y = 12. L1 cuts the x-axis y

and the y-axis at points P and Q respectively. Suppose L2: 9x = 2y

6 Q
cuts L1 at point R.
(a) Find the coordinates of R. 4

(b) Find the ratio of the area of △OPR to the area of △ORQ. L1
2

P
O
x
2 4 6

34. (a) Draw the graphs of the following equations on a rectangular coordinate plane from x = –4 to x = 2.
Choose suitable scales for both axes.
L1: x – 3y = –2
L2: 2x + y = 3
L3: y – x = 3
(b) Using the graphs drawn in (a), solve each of the following simultaneous equations.
 x  3 y  2
(i) 
2 x  y  3
 x  3 y  2
(ii) 
y  x  3
2 x  y  3
(iii) 
y  x  3
(c) If we denote the points of intersection of L1 and L2, L1 and L3, and L2 and L3 by A, B and C
respectively, find the area of △ABC.

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

4 x  3 y  10 Hint
35. (a) Solve the simultaneous equations  graphically.
3 x  y  1
Explain (b) Using the result in (a), can we find coordinates of the point of intersection
of the graphs of –4x + 3y = 10 and –3x – y = 1? Explain your answer.

Multiple Choice Questions

36. The figure shows the graphs of the equations x – y = 5 and y

x  y  5
x – 2y = 9. Solve the simultaneous equations  . 2
x  2 y  9 1
A. x = 1, y = –3 x
O
–2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6
B. x = 1, y = –4 –1
–2 x – 2y = 9
C. x = 2, y = –3
–3
D. x = 2, y = –4 –4
–5
x–y=5
–6

37. The figure shows the graphs of the equations x – y = 3, y

x + y = 1 and 3x + y = 9. Solve the simultaneous equations x–y=3

2
x  y  1 1
 .
3x  y  9 O
x
–2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1
A. x = 0, y = 1
–2
B. x = 2, y = –1 –3
C. x = 3, y = 0 –4 x+y=1
D. x = 4, y = –3 –5
–6
3x + y = 9

38. The figure shows the graph of the equation 2x + 3y = 8. y

Using the graph, solve the simultaneous equations

6
2 x  3 y  8 5
 .
3 x  y  1 4

A. x = 1, y = 2 3
2
B. x = 2, y = 1
1
C. x = 4, y = 0 x
O
–2 –1
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6
D. x = 0, y = 4
–2
2x + 3y = 8

8.16
MathSmart 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

39. The figure shows the graph of the equation x = –2y. y

Using the graph, solve the simultaneous equations 6

 x  2 y 5
 .
2 x  y  5 x = –2y 4
3
A. x = 0, y = 0
2
B. x = –2, y = 1 1
C. x = –4, y = 2 –
O
x
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1–1 1 2
D. x = –6, y = 3
–2

40. The figure shows the graphs of the equations 2x – by = –3 and y

bx + ay = –11, where a and b are constants. The coordinates of

2x – by = –3
the point of intersection are (–3, –1). Find a + b.
A. 2 x
O
(–3, –1)
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5 bx + ay = –11

y
41. The figure shows the graphs of the equations 3x + y = –b and
3x + y = –b
x + ay = 5b, where a and b are constants. The coordinates of
the point of intersection are (–2, 4). Find a – b. x + ay = 5b

A. –1 (–2, 4)

B. 1 x
O
C. 2
D. 3

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

8.3 Solving Simultaneous Linear Equations in Two Unknowns by the Algebraic Methods

Textbook Example Videos

Example 8.6 Example 8.7 Example 8.8 Example 8.9

Level 1

Solve each of the following simultaneous equations by the method of substitution. (1 – 8)

x  2 y  5  y  2 x  4
1.  2. 
x  y 1  y  2x

 4 x  y  11 x  1  2 y
3.  4. 
x  y  2 5 x  2 y  13

2 x  y  9 9 x  2 y  16
5.  6. 
2 x  y  1 3x  y  4

 x  16  2 y 3 y  x  3
7.  8. 
3x  5 y  15 2 x  y  8

Solve each of the following simultaneous equations by the method of elimination. (9 – 16)

 x  y  13 6 x  5 y  7
9.  10. 
 x  y  27 2 x  5 y  9

3x  10 y  5 5 x  9 y  8
11.  12. 
3x  4 y  2 2 x  9 y  1

5 x  7  2 y x  3y  2  0
13.  14. 
5 x  y  11 x  6  5y

4 x  3 y  10  0 5 x  2 y  2  0
15.  16. 
x  3y 1  0 5 x  4 y  7  0

Solve each of the following simultaneous equation by an algebraic method. (17 – 20)

 x  20  y  y  8  4x
17.  18. 
 x  3 y  10 2 x  y  2  0

19. 3x + 2y – 18 = x + 2y – 14 = 0 20. 2x – 3y – 8 = x + 3y – 7 = 3

8.18
MathSmart 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

Level 2

Solve each of the following simultaneous equations by the method of substitution. (21 – 24)

 4( x  1)  2( y  3) 3( x  3)  ( y  2)
21.  22. 
x  2 y  7 6 x  5 y  8  0

 3x 5 y  x 2y
   1   8
23.  2 3 24.  4 5
 x  3 y  13 7 x  y  31

Solve each of the following simultaneous equations by the method of elimination. (25 – 28)

4 x  7 y  13 3 x  10 y  5  0
25.  26. 
3x  4 y  18 2 x  3 y  13  0

 2x 3y 7x 2 y
   10  0    29
27.  5 4 28.  2 3
8 x  7 y  24  0 3 x  5 y  42

Solve each of the following simultaneous equations by an algebraic method. (29 – 42)

8 x  3 y  14 7 x  5 y  62
29.  30. 
x  y  8  x  3 y  6

2 x  12  3 y 5 x  3 y  10
31.  32. 
5 x  2 y  11  7 x  5 y  14

 x  2 y  3  0 2 x  6 y  5  0
33.  34. 
3 x  8 y  3  0 3 x  4 y  1  0

x 10  5
 3  y  3 3x  2 y  2
35.  36. 
2 x  y  11  x  3y   4
 4 4  3 3

 2( x  1)  3 y  15  2( x  2)  3( y  4)
 
37.  5 x y 38.  x 2 y
 4  3  4  5  3  5

1.6 x  1.8 y  59 3.8 x  1.5 y  20

39.  40. 
0.5 x  1.6 y  14 4.6 x  2.5 y  76

4x  3y 2x  y 2x  5 y 2 y  x 1
41.  8 42.     3 x  5 y  15
3 2 3 4 12

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

mx  3ny  10
43. It is given that (5, –5) is the solution of the simultaneous equations  , where m and n are
mx  2ny  15
constants. Find m and n.

mx  5ny  29
44. It is given that (–5, –10) is the solution of the simultaneous equations  , where m and n are
1.4 x  ny  5m
constants. Find m and n.

Level 3

2 x  y  3
45. (a) Solve the simultaneous equations  by an algebraic method.
3 x  2 y  1

 6a b
 5  3  3
(b) Hence, solve the simultaneous equations  .
 9a  2b  1
 5 3

 x  2 y  11 Hint
46. (a) Solve the simultaneous equations  by an algebraic method.
2 x  3 y  6

1 2
 m  n  11
(b) Hence, solve the simultaneous equations  , where m  0 and n  0.
 2  3  6
 m n

2a  3b  c  13 Hint
47. Consider the simultaneous equations in three unknowns  .
a  b  3c  9
If a : b = 2 : 1, find a, b and c.

3a  5b  7c  17

48. Solve the simultaneous equations in three unknowns a  2b  5c  2 by an algebraic method.
2b  3c


Multiple Choice Questions

 x  y  11
49. Solve the simultaneous equations  .
 x  y  7
A. x = 2, y = –9
B. x = –2, y = 9
C. x = 9, y = –2
D. x = –9, y = 2

8.20
MathSmart 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

3 x  2 y  8
50. Solve the simultaneous equations  .
2 x  3 y  1
A. x = 1, y = –2
B. x = –1, y = 2
C. x = 2, y = –1
D. x = –2, y = 1

 y  2 x
51. Consider the simultaneous equations  . Find x + y.
3x  y  5
A. –2
B. –1
C. 1
D. 3

52. If y – 2x = 3x – y = 4, then y =
A. –20.
B. –8.
C. 8.
D. 20.

7x 6 y 7x y
53. If   5 and   2 , find x + y.
2 5 10 5
A. –25
B. –15
C. 10
D. 35

x  y
54. Consider the simultaneous equations  , where m and n are constants. Which of the following must
 mx   ny
be true?
I. m = –n
II. m=n
III. (0, 0) is a solution of the equations.
A. I only
B. III only
C. I and III only
D. II and III only

8.21
MathSmart 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

8.5 Applications of Simultaneous Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

Textbook Example Videos

Example 8.10 Example 8.11 Example 8.12

Level 1

1. It is given that x and y are two numbers. If the sum of x and y is 87 and y is twice of x, find the values of
x and y.

2. In a two-digit number, the sum of the two digits is 15. If the two digits are reversed, the new number is
greater than the original number by 27. Find the original number.

3. If the sum of two numbers is 100 and their difference is 16, find the product of the two numbers.

4. The price of 2 melons and 3 watermelons is $248 while the price of a melon and 2 watermelons is $144.
Find the price of a melon.

5. The price of 4 T-shirts and 3 dresses is $1020. If the price of 3 T-shirts is the same as that 2 dresses, find the
price of a T-shirt.

6. The weight of 3 boxes of apples and 4 boxes of bananas is 36 kg while the weight of 2 boxes of apples and
5 boxes of bananas is 38 kg. Find the total weight of a box of apples and a box of bananas.

7. There is a total of 30 $10 coins and $1 coins in a box. If the total value of these coins is $120, find the
numbers of $10 and $1 coins respectively in the box.

8. There are only two kinds of tickets for a museum: adult tickets and child tickets. The prices of an adult
ticket and a child ticket are $120 and $50 respectively. The museum sold a total of 200 tickets on a certain
day and the sum of money received in selling these tickets is $14 340. Find the numbers of adult tickets and
child tickets sold respectively on that day.

9. If the difference of two numbers is 24 and the ratio of the larger number to the smaller number is 4 : 1, find the
sum of the two numbers.

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

10. In a two-digit number, the sum of the two digits is 9. If the two digits are reversed, the ratio of the new
number to the original number is 5 : 6. Find the new number.

11. Adrian is 12 years older than Molly. Two years ago, Adrian’s age was 2 times Molly’s age. Find the present
ages of Adrian and Molly.

12. In the figure, △ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC. A

If the perimeter of △ABC is 36 cm, find x and y.

(5x – y) cm (3y – 2x) cm

B C
10 cm

Level 2

13. In a two-digit number, the sum of twice the tens digit and 3 times the units digit is 30. If the two digits are
reversed, the new number is smaller than the original number by 45. Find the original number.

1
14. In a fraction, if both the numerator and the denominator are decreased by 2, the fraction becomes . If the
2
1
numerator is decreased by 3 and the denominator remains unchanged, the fraction becomes . Find the
3
original fraction.

15. The total price of 2.5 kg of coffee beans and 3.6 kg of tea leaves is $480. The price of 1.6 kg of coffee beans
is $167 more than the price of 0.5 kg of tea leaves. Find the total price of 1.5 kg of coffee beans and 2 kg of
tea leaves.

16. In a Christmas party, the number of boys is 4 more than the number of girls. It is given that 3 boys share a
cake and 5 girls share a cake. If they share 12 cakes in total, find the total number of students in the party.

17. The perimeter of a rectangle is 120 cm. If the ratio of the length to the width is 3 : 2, find the area of the
rectangle.

18. In an English quiz, there are 25 multiple choice questions. It is known that 3 marks are awarded for each
correct answer and 1 mark is deducted for each wrong answer. Bess answered all the questions and she got
47 marks. Find the percentage of questions that she answered correctly.

19. Daisy runs from point A to point B at an average speed of 4 m/s. Then she runs from point B to point C at
an average speed of 3 m/s. It is given that she runs 3.9 km in 20 minutes for the whole journey. Find the
time taken by Daisy to run from point A to point B in minutes.

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 MathSmart 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

20. The figure shows the rectangle ABCD. A

(4x + 2y) cm
D
(a) Find x and y.
(b) Find the area of rectangle ABCD.
(3x + 4y – 1) cm (5x + y – 3) cm

B (3x + 5y – 2) cm C

21. A piece of wire of length 80 cm is cut into two parts. The first part is bent into a square and the second part
is bent into an equilateral triangle. If the length of a side of the equilateral triangle is 4 times of that of the
square, find the perimeters of the square and the triangle respectively.

22. Jessica and Irene share an amount of money. Four times Jessica’s share is $20 less than five times Irene’s
share. If Jessica gives Irene $60, they will have the same amount of share. Find the total amount that they
share.

23. Nelson and Carol share an amount of money in the ratio of 7 : 4. If Nelson gives $600 to Carol, the above
ratio will become 5 : 6. Find the total amount that they share.

24. The price of 3 rings and 2 bracelets was $6000 last week. The jewellery store offers discounts of 25%
and 15% on the ring and the bracelet respectively this week. The new price of 2 rings and 3 bracelets is
$5790. Find the total price of a ring and a bracelet this week.

25. Patrick and Rita are 600 km apart. Each of them drives at a constant speed. If they drive towards each other,
they will meet in 6 hours. If they drive in the same direction, Patrick will overtake Rita in 20 hours. Find
the driving speeds of Patrick and Rita respectively.

Explain 26. An orchard sells apples and peaches. It is given that the owner of the orchard makes $3 and $5 profit in
selling each apple and peach. He claims that he can make a profit of $213 for selling a total of 50 apples
and peaches. Do you agree? Explain your answer.

Level 3

27. A test consists of multiple choice questions only. It is known that 4 marks are awarded for each correct
answer and 3 marks are deducted for each wrong answer. Alfred answered all the questions and he got 58%
of the full marks. If the difference between the numbers of correct answers and wrong answers that he got
is 26, how many questions did he answer wrongly?

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

28. It is given that the perimeter of a rectangle is 100 cm. If its length is decreased by 25% while its width is
increased by 50%, its perimeter will be increased by 2%.
(a) Find the original length and the original width of the rectangle.
(b) Find the percentage change in the area of the rectangle.

29. A car travels from city A to city B at a uniform speed. If the car is 8 km/h faster, Hint
it takes the car 30 minutes less to finish the whole journey. If the car is 12 km/h
slower, it takes the car 1 hour more to finish the whole journey. Find the original
speed of the car and the distance between city A and city B.

Multiple Choice Questions

30. If the sum of two numbers is 232 and the larger number is 3 times of the smaller number, find the difference
of the two numbers.
A. 58
B. 116
C. 174
D. 232

31. Eric is 12 years older than his brother. Six years later, the age of Eric will be 1.5 times of his brother. Find the
age of Eric 4 years ago.
A. 22
B. 26
C. 30
D. 34

32. Oscar’s mother gives him $300 which is just enough to buy 5 kg of fruits and 2 kg of vegetables. However,
Oscar buys 2 kg of fruits and 5 kg of vegetables and $75 is left. Find the total price of 1 kg of fruits and 1 kg
of vegetables.
A. $25
B. $50
C. $75
D. $100

33. Jim and Elsa share an amount of money in the ratio of 3 : 4. If Elsa gives Jim $100, the ratio of the money they
have becomes 4 : 3. Find the total amount that they share.
A. $300
B. $400
C. $700
D. $1400

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

34. The sugar contents in soft drinks A and B are x% and y% by weight respectively. If 100 g of soft drink A
and 200 g of soft drink B are mixed together, the sugar content in the mixture is 7%. If 250 g of soft
drink A and 50 g of soft drink B are mixed together, the sugar content in the mixture is 5.5%. What is the
difference between the sugar contents in soft drinks A and B?
A. 3%
B. 5%
C. 8%
D. 10%

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

Answers
35. (a) a = 3, b = 2
2B Chapter 8
64
Section 8.1 (p.8.1) (c) sq. units
3
1. –3, 0, 3, 6
36. (a) a = 1, b = –2
2. –10, –4, 5, 8
(b) (i) (–4, –5) (ii) agree
3. 3, 1, –1, –3
37. (a) C: (–4, 3), D: (–2, 6)
4. –11, 3, 10, 17
(b) 9 sq. units
5. (0, 3), (–1, –1), (–2, –5) (or other reasonable answers)
38. (a) 8x + 5y = 180
6. (0, 10), (1, 4), (2, –2) (or other reasonable answers)
(b) (i) disagree (ii) disagree
7. (0, 2), (–1, 10), (1, –6) (or other reasonable answers)
39. (a) (1, 120), (2, 140), (3, 160)
8. (0, –1), (3, –6), (–3, 4) (or other reasonable answers)
(or other reasonable answers)
9. (a) yes (b) no
(b) no
(c) yes (d) no
40. (a) (i) 32F (ii) –273.15C
10. (a) yes (b) no
(b) –40C
(c) yes (d) yes
41. (a) 50x – 40y = 1000 (b) no
11. (a) 8, 6, 4
(c) (i) 60 (ii) 8%
12. (a) –2, –1, 0
42. (a) x + 4y = 3
13. (b) (i) 8 (ii) yes, yes
(b) 0.8 m/s
14. (b) (i) –4 (ii) yes, yes
x y
15. 1.5 43. (a)   0.8 (b) AB = 20 km, BC = 24 km
40 80
16. 2
(c) 0.2 hours
5
17.
7
18. 4 Multiple Choice Questions (p.8.7)
44. D 45. C
19. (a) (6, –3)
46. D 47. A
(b) (i) no (ii) yes
48. D 49. C
7
20. (a) ( , 1) 50. B 51. A
5
52. A 53. B
(b) (i) yes (ii) no
21. (a) (0, –5)
(b) (i) yes (ii) yes Section 8.2 (p.8.10)
22. (b) x-axis: (0, 0), y-axis: (0, 0) 1. x = 1, y = –1
23. (b) x-axis: (7, 0), y-axis: (0, 4) 2. x = 1, y = –2
24. (b) x-axis: (4, 0), y-axis: (0, –2) 3. x = 0, y = –1

25. (b) x-axis: (8, 0), y-axis: (0, 2) 4. x = –3, y = –1

26. 2 5. x = 0.8, y = 0.4
27. a = –6, b = 2 6. x = –2.2, y = 1.6

28. a = 0, b = 3 7. x = –1.4, y = –2.6

29. (a) –3 (b) (3, –4) 8. x = –0.9, y = –2.6

(c) (i) no (ii) yes 9. (a) (i) –2, 0, 2 (b) x = 2, y = 2

30. (a) –1 (b) (1, 2) 10. (a) (i) 0, 1, 2 (ii) 3, –1, –3

(c) (i) yes (ii) yes (c) x = 3, y = 1

31. (a) b = 1, c = 2 (b) –2 11. x = 1, y = 6

32. (a) a = 3, b = –2 (b) 6 12. x = –4, y = –7
33. (a) a = 4, b = –2 13. x = 2, y = 10

(c) (–2, –6), (0, –3), (2, 0) (or other reasonable answers) 14. x = 1, y = –1

x
15. x = 1.3, y = 2.7
34. (a) c = 0, y  16. x = –1.6, y = –0.8
2
(c) (–2, –1), (2, 1), (4, 2) (or other reasonable answers) 17. x = 2.7, y = 1.9

8.27
MathSmart 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

18. x = 2.7, y = –3.6 18. x = 5, y = 12

19. (a) (i) 19. x = 2, y = 6
x –18 –10 –6 20. x = 7, y = 1
y 2 18 26 21. x = 1, y = 3

(b) x = –16, y = 6 22. x = –3, y = –2

20. x = 1.7, y = 1.6 23. x = –4, y = 3

21. x = 5.7, y = 6.3 24. x = –8, y = –25

22. x = 3.3, y = 1.8 25. x = –2, y = –3

23. x = 1.6, y = –1.1 26. x = 5, y = 1

24. x = –0.2, y = 4.3 27. x = 10, y = 8

25. x = 0.5, y = –0.5 28. x = 6, y = –12

26. x = –5.5, y = –3.4 29. x = –2, y = 10

27. x = 0.6, y = –2.6 30. x = 6, y = –4

28. x = 8.8, y = –6.9 31. x = 3, y = –2

29. x = 2.1, y = –7.5 32. x = 2, y = 0

30. (b) (i) x = 4, y = –1 (ii) x = 18, y = –15 33. x = –9, y = –3

31. disagree 34. x = –1, y = –0.5

32. (b) P: (3, 0), Q: (0, –4) 35. x = 1, y = 3

(c) disagree 36. x = 0.5, y = –0.5

33. (a) (1, 4.5) (b) 3:1 37. x = –4, y = 3

34. (b) (i) (1, 1) (ii) (–3.5, –0.5) 38. x = –5, y = –6

(iii) (0, 3) 39. x = –20, y = 15

(c) 5.25 sq. units 40. x = 10, y = 12

35. (a) (1, –2) (b) yes, (–1, 2) 41. x = 12, y = –8

42. x = 5, y = 6

Multiple Choice Questions (p.8.16) 43. m = –1, n = 1

36. B 37. D 44. m = 3.2, n = 0.9

38. A 39. B 5
45. (a) x = 1, y = –1 (b) a= ,b=3
40. D 41. B 3
1 1
46. (a) x = 3, y = 4 (b) m= ,n=
3 4
Section 8.3 (p.8.18)
47. a = 4, b = 2, c = –1
1. x = 1, y = 2
48. a = 6, b = 3, c = 2
2. x = –1, y = –2
3. x = 3, y = 1
Multiple Choice Questions (p.8.20)
4. x = 3, y = –1
49. A 50. C
5. x = –2, y = –5
51. B 52. D
6. x = –8, y = –28
53. B 54. B
7. x = 10, y = –3
8. x = 3, y = –2
9. x = 20, y = 7 Section 8.5 (p.8.22)
10. x = 2, y = 1 1. x = 29, y = 58

11. x = 0, y = –0.5 2. 69
3. 2436
1
12. x = 1, y = 4. $64
3
13. x = 3, y = 4 5. $120
14. x = –4, y = –2 6. 10 kg

15. x = 2.2, y = –0.4 7. $10 coins: 10, $1 coins: 20

16. x = 0.6, y = 2.5 8. adult tickets: 62, child tickets: 138

17. x = 25, y = 5 9. 40

8.28
MathSmart 2B Chapter 8 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

10. 45
11. Adrian: 26, Molly: 14
12. x = 4, y = 7
13. 94
7
14.
12
15. $280
16. 44
17. 864 cm2
18. 72%
19. 5 minutes
20. (a) x = 4, y = 2 (b) 380 cm2
21. square: 20 cm, triangle: 60 cm
22. $1120
23. $3300
24. $2130
25. Patrick: 65 km/h, Rita: 35 km/h
26. disagree
27. 12
28. (a) length: 32 cm, width: 18 cm
(b) +12.5%
29. speed: 72 km/h, distance: 360 km

Multiple Choice Questions (p.8.25)

30. B 31. B
32. C 33. C
34. A

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