R22B PharmacyCourseStructureandSyllabus

R22 B.
Pharmacy JNTUH
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

BACHELOR OF PHARMACY
COURSE STRUCTURE AND SYLLABUS
Effective from Academic Year 2022-23 Admitted Batch
I Year I semester
S. Course Code Subject L T P Credits
No
1 PS101 Human Anatomy and Physiology I 3 1 - 4
2 PS102 Pharmaceutical Analysis I 3 1 - 4
3 PS103 Pharmaceutics 3 1 - 4
4 PS104 Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry 3 1 - 4
5 HS105 Communication skills 2 - - 2
6 BS106/BS107 Remedial Biology# / Remedial Mathematics$ 2#/3$ - - 2#/3$
7 PS108 Human Anatomy and Physiology-I lab - - 4 2
8 PS109 Pharmaceutical Analysis I lab - - 4 2
9 PS110 Pharmaceutics lab - - 4 2
10 PS111 Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry lab - - 4 2
11 HS112 Communication skills lab - - 2 1
12 BS113 Remedial Biology lab - - 2 1
#
Total 16/17 4 20 30 /30
#Applicable ONLY for the students who have studied Mathematics / Physics / Chemistry at HSC and
appearing for Remedial Biology (RB) course.
$ApplicableONLY for the students who have studied Physics / Chemistry / Botany / Zoology at HSC
and appearing for Remedial Mathematics (RM) course.
I Year II semester
S. Course Subject L T P Credits
No Code
1 PS201 Human Anatomy and Physiology II 3 1 - 4
2 PS202 Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry-I 3 1 - 4
3 BS203 Biochemistry 3 1 - 4
4 BS204 Pathophysiology 3 1 - 4
5 CS205 Computer Applications in Pharmacy 3 - - 3
6 PS206 Human Anatomy and Physiology II lab - - 4 2
7 PS207 Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry-I Lab - - 4 2
8 BS208 Biochemistry lab - - 4 2
9 CS209 Computer Applications in Pharmacy lab - - 2 1
10 *MC200 NSS - - - -
Total 15 4 14 26
II YEAR I SEMESTER
Course
S. No Course Title L T P Credits
Code
1 PS301 Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry-II 3 1 0 4
2 PS302 Physical Pharmaceutics-I 3 1 0 4
3 BS303 Pharmaceutical Microbiology 3 1 0 4
4 PC304 Pharmaceutical Engineering 3 1 0 4
Page 1 of 136
R22 B.Pharmacy JNTUH
5 PS305 Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry-II Lab 0 0 4 2

6 PS306 Physical Pharmaceutics-I Lab 0 0 4 2
7 BS307 Pharmaceutical Microbiology Lab 0 0 4 2
8 PC308 Pharmaceutical Engineering Lab 0 0 4 2
10 *MC300 NSO 0 0 0 0
Total Credits 12 04 16 24
II YEAR II SEMESTER
Course
S. No Course Title L T P Credits
Code
1 PS401 Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry-III 3 1 0 4
2 PC402 Physical Pharmaceutics-II 3 1 0 4
3 PS403 Pharmacology-I 3 1 0 4
4 PC404 Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry-I 3 1 0 4
5 PS405 Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence 3 1 0 4
6 PC406 Physical Pharmaceutics-II Lab 0 0 4 2
7 PS407 Pharmacology-I Lab 0 0 4 2
8 PC408 Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry-I Lab 0 0 4 2
9 *MC400 Gender Sensitization Lab 1 0 0 0
Total Credits 16 05 12 26
III Year I Semester

S. No. Course Code Course Title L T P Credits
1 PS501 Medicinal Chemistry I 3 1 0 4
2 PS502 Industrial Pharmacy - I 3 1 0 4
3 PS503 Pharmacology II 3 1 0 4
4 PS504 Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry - II 3 1 0 4
5 Open Elective - I 3 1 0 4
PS505 I. Generic Product Development
PS506 II. Green Chemistry
PS507 III. Cell and Molecular Biology
PS508 IV. Cosmetic science
6 PC509 Medicinal Chemistry I Lab 0 0 4 2
7 PS510 Industrial Pharmacy – I lab 0 0 4 2
8 PS511 Pharmacology - II lab 0 0 4 2
9 PS512 Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry - II lab 0 0 4 2
10 *MC500 Environmental sciences 1 0 0 0
Total 16 05 16 28
III Year II Semester

S. No. Course Code Course Title L T P Credits
1 PS601 Medicinal Chemistry - II 3 1 0 4
2 PS602 Pharmacology - III 3 1 0 4
3 PS603 Herbal Drug Technology 3 1 0 4
4 PS604 Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics 3 1 0 4
5 Open Elective - II 3 1 0 4
PS605 I. Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance
PS606 II. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
PS607 III. Bioinformatics
PS608 IV. Screening Methods in Pharmacology
6 PS609 Medicinal chemistry - II lab 0 0 4 2
Page 2 of 136
7 PS610 Pharmacology - III lab 0 0 4 2

8 PS611 Herbal Drug Technology lab 0 0 4 2
9 PS612 Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Lab 0 0 4 2
10 *MC600 Human Values and Professional Ethics 1 0 0 0
Total 16 05 16 28
IV Year I Semester
Course
S.No Course Title L T P Credits
Code
1 PS701 Instrumental Methods of Analysis 3 1 0 4
2 PS702 Industrial Pharmacy-II 3 1 0 4
3 PS703 Pharmacy Practice 3 1 0 4
4 PS704 Medicinal Chemistry - III 3 1 0 4
5 Open Elective - III 3 1 0 4
PS705 i. Pharmaceutical Marketing
PS706 ii. Pharmaceutical Regulatory Science
PS707 iii. Pharmacovigilance
PS708 iv. Quality Control and Standardization of Herbals
6 PS709 Instrumental Methods of Analysis Lab 0 0 4 2
7 PS710 Practice School 0 0 4 2
8 PS711 Industrial Training 0 0 4 2
Total 15 5 12 26
IV Year II Semester
Course
S.No Course Title L T P Credits
Code
1 PS801 Biostatistics and Research Methodology 3 1 0 4
2 PS802 Social and Preventive Pharmacy 3 1 0 4
3 PS803 Novel Drug Delivery System 3 1 0 4
4 Open Elective - IV 3 1 0 4
PS804 i. Computer Aided Drug Design
PS805 ii. Nano Technology
PS806 iii. Experimental Pharmacology
PS807 iv. Advanced Instrumentation Techniques
5 PS808 Novel Drug Delivery System Lab 0 0 4 2
6 Project Work 0 0 6 3
Total 12 4 10 21
*MC - Mandatory Course - Satisfactory/ Unsatisfactory.
Page 3 of 136
PS101: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY - I
B. Pharm. I Year I Sem L T P C

3 1 0 4
Scope: This subject is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on the structure and functions of the
various systems of the human body. It also helps in understanding both homeostatic mechanisms. The
subject provides the basic knowledge required to understand the various disciplines of pharmacy.
Course Objectives: Upon completion of this course the student should be able to
 Explain the gross morphology, structure, and functions of various organs of the human body.
 Describe the various homeostatic mechanisms and their imbalances.
 Identify the various tissues and organs of different systems of human body.
 Perform the various experiments related to special senses and nervous system.
 Appreciate coordinated working pattern of different organs of each system
UNIT –I 10 hours
Introduction to human body
Definition and scope of anatomy and physiology, levels of structural organization and body systems,
basic life processes, homeostasis, basic anatomical terminology.
Cellular level of organization
Structure and functions of cell, transport across cell membrane, cell division, cell junctions. General
principles of cell communication, intracellular signaling pathway activation by extracellular signal
molecule, Forms of intracellular signaling: a) Contact-dependent b) Paracrine c) Synaptic d) Endocrine
Tissue level of organization
Classification of tissues, structure, location and functions of epithelial, muscular and nervous and
connective tissues.
UNIT – II 10 hours
Integumentary system Structure and functions of skin
Skeletal system
Divisions of skeletal system, types of bone, salient features, and functions of bones of axial and
appendicular skeletal system
Organization of skeletal muscle, physiology of muscle contraction, neuromuscular junction
Joints
Structural and functional classification, types of joints movements and its articulation
UNIT – III 10 hours

Nervous system
Organization of nervous system, neuron, neuroglia, classification and properties of nerve fibre,
electrophysiology, action potential, nerve impulse, receptors, synapse, neurotransmitters.
Central nervous system: Meninges, ventricles of brain and cerebrospinal fluid. Structure and functions
of brain (cerebrum, brain stem, cerebellum), spinal cord (gross structure, functions of afferent and
efferent nerve tracts, reflex activity)
UNIT – IV 08 hours
Peripheral nervous system:
Classification of peripheral nervous system: Structure and functions of sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous system. Origin and functions of spinal and cranial nerves.
Special senses: Structure and functions of eye, ear, nose and tongue and their disorders.
Page 4 of 136
UNIT – V 07 hours
Endocrine system
Classification of hormones, mechanism of hormone action, structure and functions of pituitary gland,
thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, pineal gland, thymus and their disorders.
TEXT BOOKS: (Latest Editions)

1. Essentials of Medical Physiology by K. Sembulingam and P. Sembulingam. Jaypeebrothers
medical publishers, New Delhi.
2. Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness by Kathleen J.W. Wilson, Churchill Livingstone,
New York
3. Physiological basis of Medical Practice-Best and Tailor. Williams & Wilkins Co, Riverview, MI
USA
4. Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C, Guyton and John.E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH, U.S.A.
5. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology by Tortora Grabowski. Palmetto, GA, U.S.A.
6. Textbook of Human Histology by Inderbir Singh, Jaypee brother’s medical publishers, New
Delhi.
7. Textbook of Practical Physiology by C.L. Ghai, Jaypee brother’s medical publishers, New Delhi.
8. Practical workbook of Human Physiology by K. Srinageswari and Rajeev Sharma, Jaypee
brother’s medical publishers, New Delhi.
REFERENCE BOOKS: (Latest Editions)

USA
2. Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C, Guyton and John. E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH, U.S.A.
3. Human Physiology (vol 1 and 2) by Dr. C.C. Chatterrje, Academic Publishers Kolkata
Page 5 of 136
PS102: PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS - I

3 1 0 4
Scope: This course deals with the fundamentals of analytical chemistry and principles of
electrochemical analysis of drugs
Course Objectives: Upon completion of the course student shall be able to

 understand the principles of volumetric and electro chemical analysis
 carryout various volumetric and electrochemical titrations
 develop analytical skills
UNIT - I 10 Hours
(a) Pharmaceutical analysis- Definition and scope
i) Different techniques of analysis
ii) Methods of expressing concentration
iii) Primary and secondary standards.
iv) Preparation and standardization of various molar and normal solutions-Oxalic acid, sodium
hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, sodium thiosulphate, sulphuric acid, potassium
permanganate and ceric ammonium sulphate
(b) Errors: Sources of errors, types of errors, methods of minimizing errors, accuracy, precision and
significant figures
UNIT – II 10 Hours
Acid base titration: Theories of acid base indicators, classification of acid base titrations and theory
involved in titrations of strong, weak, and very weak acids and bases, neutralization curves
Non-aqueous titration: Solvents, acidimetry and alkalimetry titration and estimation of Sodium
benzoate and Ephedrine HCl
UNIT – III 10 Hours

Precipitation titrations: Mohr’s method, Volhard’s, ModifiedVolhard’s, Fajans method, estimation of
sodium chloride.
Complexometric titration: Classification, metal ion indicators, masking and demasking reagents,
estimation of Magnesium sulphate, and calcium gluconate.
Gravimetry: Principle and steps involved in gravimetric analysis. Purity of the precipitate: co-
precipitation and post precipitation, Estimation of barium sulphate.
UNIT – IV 08 Hours
Redox titrations:
(a) Concepts of oxidation and reduction
(b) Types of redox titrations (Principles and applications)
Cerimetry, Iodimetry, Iodometry, Bromatometry, Dichrometry, Titration with potassium iodate
UNIT – V 07 Hours
Electrochemical methods of analysis:
Conductometry- Introduction, Conductivity cell, Conductometric titrations, applications.
Potentiometry - Electrochemical cell, construction and working of reference (Standard hydrogen, silver
chloride electrode and calomel electrode) and indicator electrodes (metal electrodes and glass
electrode), methods to determine end point of potentiometric titration and applications.
Polarography - Principle, Ilkovic equation, construction and working of dropping mercury electrode and
rotating platinum electrode, applications
Page 6 of 136

1. A.H. Beckett & J.B. Stenlake's, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry Vol I & II, Stahlone Press
of University of London
2. Introduction to Pharmaceutical Analysis by Badwaik Hemant R. published by Pharma Med
Press
3. A.I. Vogel, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic analysis
4. P. Gundu Rao, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
5. Bentley and Driver's Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
6. John H. Kennedy, Analytical chemistry principles
7. Indian Pharmacopoeia.
8. Badwaik Hemant R., Introduction to Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharma Med Press
Page 7 of 136
PS103: PHARMACEUTICS

3 1 0 4
Scope: This course is designed to impart a fundamental knowledge on the preparatory pharmacy with
arts and science of preparing the different conventional dosage forms.
Course Objectives: Upon completion of this course the student should be able to:
 Know the history of profession of pharmacy
 Understand the basics of different dosage forms, pharmaceutical incompatibilities and
pharmaceutical calculations
 Understand the professional way of handling the prescription
 Preparation of various conventional dosage forms
UNIT – I 10 Hours
Historical background and development of profession of pharmacy: History of profession of
Pharmacy in India in relation to pharmacy education, industry, and organization, Pharmacy as a career,
Pharmacopoeias: Introduction to IP, BP, USP and Extra Pharmacopoeia.
Dosage forms: Introduction to dosage forms, classification and definitions
Prescription: Definition, Parts of prescription, handling of Prescription and Errors in prescription.
Posology: Definition, Factors affecting posology. Pediatric dose calculations based on age, body
weight and body surface area.
Pharmaceutical calculations: Weights and measures–Imperial & Metric system, Calculations
involving percentage solutions, alligation, proof spirit and isotonic solutions based on freezing point and
molecular weight.
Powders: Definition, classification, advantages and disadvantages, Simple & compound powders –
official preparations, dusting powders, effervescent, efflorescent and hygroscopic powders, eutectic
mixtures. Geometric dilutions.
Liquid dosage forms: Advantages and disadvantages of liquid dosage forms. Excipients used in
formulation of liquid dosage forms. Solubility enhancement techniques

Monophasic liquids: Definitions and preparations of Gargles, Mouthwashes, Throat Paint, Eardrops,
Nasal drops, Enemas, Syrups, Elixirs, Liniments and Lotions.
Biphasic liquids:
Suspensions: Definition, advantages and disadvantages, classifications, Preparation of suspensions;
Flocculated and Deflocculated suspension & stability problems and methods to overcome.
Emulsions: Definition, classification, emulsifying agent, test for the identification of type of Emulsion,
Methods of preparation & stability problems and methods to overcome.
Suppositories: Definition, types, advantages and disadvantages, types of bases, methods of
preparations. Displacement value & its calculations, evaluation of suppositories.
Pharmaceutical incompatibilities: Definition, classification, physical, chemical and therapeutic
incompatibilities with examples.
UNIV – V 07 Hours
Semisolid dosage forms: Definitions, classification, mechanisms and factors influencing dermal
penetration of drugs. Preparation of ointments, pastes, creams and gels. Excipients used in semi solid
dosage forms. Evaluation of semi solid dosages forms
Page 8 of 136

1. H.C. Ansel et al., Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Drug Delivery System, Lippincott Williams
and Walkins, New Delhi.
2. Carter S.J., Cooper and Gunn’s-Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students, CBS publishers, New
Delhi.
3. M.E. Aulton, Pharmaceutics, The Science& Dosage Form Design, Churchill Livingstone,
Edinburgh.
4. Indian pharmacopoeia.
5. British pharmacopoeia.
6. Lachmann. Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, Lea & Febiger Publisher, The
University of Michigan.
7. Alfonso R. Gennaro Remington. The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Lippincott Williams,
New Delhi.
8. Carter S.J., Cooper and Gunn’s. Tutorial Pharmacy, CBS Publications, New Delhi.
9. E.A. Rawlins, Bentley’s Text Book of Pharmaceutics, English Language Book Society, Elsevier
Health Sciences, USA.
10. Isaac Ghebre Sellassie: Pharmaceutical Pelletization Technology, Marcel Dekker, INC, New
York.
11. Dilip M. Parikh: Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology, Marcel Dekker, INC,
New York.
12. Francoise Nieloud and Gilberte Marti-Mestres: Pharmaceutical Emulsions and Suspensions,
Marcel Dekker, INC, New York.
13. Tripathi Dulal Krishna, Pharmaceutics: Basic Principles and Formulations, Pharma Med Press
Page 9 of 136
PS104: PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

3 1 0 4
Scope: This subject deals with the monographs of inorganic drugs and pharmaceuticals.
Course Objectives: Upon completion of course, student shall be able to

 know the sources of impurities and methods to determine the impurities in inorganic drugs and
pharmaceuticals
 understand the medicinal and pharmaceutical importance of inorganic compounds
UNIT – I 10 Hours
Impurities in pharmaceutical substances: History of Pharmacopoeia, Sources and types of
impurities, principle involved in the limit test for Chloride, Sulphate, Iron, Arsenic, Lead and Heavy
metals, modified limit test for Chloride and Sulphate
General methods of preparation, assay for the compounds superscripted with asterisk (*), properties
and medicinal uses of inorganic compounds belonging to the following classes
Acids, Bases and Buffers: Buffer equations and buffer capacity in general, buffers in pharmaceutical
systems, preparation, stability, buffered isotonic solutions, measurements of tonicity, calculations and
methods of adjusting isotonicity.
Major extra and intracellular electrolytes: Functions of major Physiological ions, Electrolytes used in
the replacement therapy: Sodium chloride*, Potassium chloride, Calcium gluconate* and Oral
Rehydration Salt (ORS), Physiological acid base balance.
Dental products: Dentifrices, role of fluoride in the treatment of dental caries, Desensitizing agents,
Calcium carbonate, Sodium fluoride, and Zinc eugenol cement.

Gastrointestinal agents
Acidifiers: Ammonium chloride* and Dil. HCl
Antacid: Ideal properties of antacids, combinations of antacids, Sodium Bicarbonate*, Aluminum
hydroxide gel, Magnesium hydroxide mixture
Cathartics: Magnesium sulphate, Sodium orthophosphate, Kaolin and Bentonite
Antimicrobials: Mechanism, classification, Potassium permanganate, Boric acid, Hydrogen peroxide*,
Chlorinated lime*, Iodine and its preparations
Miscellaneous compounds
Expectorants: Potassium iodide, Ammonium chloride*.
Emetics: Copper sulphate*, Sodium potassium tartarate
Haematinics: Ferrous sulphate*, Ferrous gluconate
Poison and Antidote: Sodium thiosulphate*, Activated charcoal, Sodiumnitrite333
Astringents: Zinc Sulphate, Potash Alum
UNIT – V 07 Hours
Radiopharmaceuticals: Radio activity, Measurement of radioactivity, Properties of á, â, ã radiations,
Half life, radio isotopes and study of radio isotopes - Sodium iodide I131, Storage conditions, precautions
& pharmaceutical application of radioactive substances.
Page 10 of 136

1. A.H. Beckett & J.B. Stenlake's, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry Vol I & II, Stahlone Press
of University of London, 4th edition.
2. A.I. Vogel, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic analysis
3. P. GunduRao, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 3rd Edition
4. M.L Schroff, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
5. Bentley and Driver's Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
6. Anand&Chatwal, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
7. IndianPharmacopoeia
8. Algarsamy V. Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Pharma Med Press
9. Rao Somasekhar, Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry, Pharma Med Press
Page 11 of 136
HS105: COMMUNICATION SKILLS

2 0 0 2
Scope: This course will prepare the young pharmacy student to interact effectively with doctors, nurses,
dentists, physiotherapists and other health workers. At the end of this course the student will get the
soft skills set to work cohesively with the team as a team player and will add value to the pharmaceutical
business.
Course Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to
 Understand the behavioral needs for a Pharmacist to function effectively in the areas of
pharmaceutical operation
 Communicate effectively (Verbal and Non-Verbal)
 Effectively manage the team as a team player
 Develop interview skills
 Develop Leadership qualities and essentials
UNIT – I 07
Hours
Communication Skills: Introduction, Definition, The Importance of Communication, The
Communication Process – Source, Message, Encoding, Channel, Decoding, Receiver, Feedback,
Context
Barriers to communication: Physiological Barriers, Physical Barriers, Cultural Barriers, Language
Barriers, Gender Barriers, Interpersonal Barriers, Psychological Barriers, Emotional barriers
Perspectives in Communication: Introduction, Visual Perception, Language, Other factors affecting
our perspective - Past Experiences, Prejudices, Feelings, Environment
UNIT – II 07
Hours
Elements of Communication: Introduction, Face to Face Communication - Tone of Voice, Body
Language (Non-verbal communication), Verbal Communication, Physical Communication
Communication Styles: Introduction, The Communication Styles Matrix with example for each -Direct
Communication Style, Spirited Communication Style, Systematic Communication Style, Considerate
Communication Style
UNIT – III 07
Hours
Basic Listening Skills: Introduction, Self-Awareness, Active Listening, Becoming an Active Listener,
Listening in Difficult Situations
Effective Written Communication: Introduction, When and When Not to Use Written Communication
- Complexity of the Topic, Amount of Discussion’ Required, Shades of
Meaning, Formal Communication
Writing Effectively: Subject Lines, Put the Main Point First, Know Your Audience, Organization of the
Message
UNIT – IV 05
Hours
Interview Skills: Purpose of an interview, Do’s and Dont’s of an interview
Giving Presentations: Dealing with Fears, Planning your Presentation, Structuring Your Presentation,
Delivering Your Presentation, Techniques of Delivery
UNIT – V 04 Hours
Page 12 of 136
Group Discussion: Introduction, Communication skills in group discussion, Do’s and Dont’s of group
discussion

1. Basic communication skills for Technology, Andreja. J. Ruther Ford, 2nd Edition, Pearson
Education, 2011
2. Communication skills, Sanjay Kumar, Pushpalata, 1st Edition, Oxford Press, 2011
3. Organizational Behaviour, Stephen. P. Robbins, 1st Edition, Pearson, 2013
4. Brilliant- Communication skills, Gill Hasson, 1st Edition, Pearson Life, 2011
5. The Ace of Soft Skills: Attitude, Communication and Etiquette for success, GopalaSwamy
Ramesh, 5th Edition, Pearson, 2013
6. Developing your influencing skills, Deborah Dalley, Lois Burton, Margaret, Green Hall, 1st
Edition Universe of Learning LTD, 2010
7. Communication skills for professionals, Konarnira, 2nd Edition, New arrivals – PHI, 2011
8. Personality development and soft skills, Barun K Mitra, 1st Edition, Oxford Press, 2011
9. Soft skill for everyone, Butter Field, 1st Edition, Cengage Learning India pvt. ltd, 2011
10. Soft skills and professional communication, Francis Peters SJ, 1st Edition, McGraw Hill
Education, 2011
11. Effective communication, John Adair, 4th Edition, Pan Mac Millan, 2009
12. Bringing out the best in people, Aubrey Daniels, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, 1999
13. Rao Bhaskara, Communication Skills, BS Publications
Page 13 of 136
BS106: REMEDIAL BIOLOGY

2 0 0 2
Scope: To learn and understand the components of living world, structure and functional system of
plant and animal kingdom.
Course Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to
 know the classification and salient features of five kingdoms of life
 understand the basic components of anatomy & physiology of plant
 know understand the basic components of anatomy & physiology animal with special reference
to human
UNIT - I 07 Hours
Living world:
 Definition and characters of living organisms
 Diversity in the living world
 Binomial nomenclature
 Five kingdoms of life and basis of classification. Salient features of Monera, Potista, Fungi,
Animalia and Plantae, Virus,
Morphology of Flowering plants
Morphology of different parts of flowering plants – Root, stem, inflorescence, flower, leaf, fruit, seed.
General Anatomy of Root, stem, leaf of monocotyledons &Dicotylidones.
Body fluids and circulation
Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood, Composition and functions of lymph
Human circulatory system, Structure of human heart and blood vessels, Cardiac cycle, cardiac output
and ECG
Digestion and Absorption
Human alimentary canal and digestive glands, Role of digestive enzymes, Digestion, absorption and
assimilation of digested food
Breathing and respiration
Human respiratory system, Mechanism of breathing and its regulation, Exchange of gases, transport of
gases and regulation of respiration, Respiratory volumes

Excretory products and their elimination
Modes of excretion, Human excretory system- structure and function, Urine formation, Rennin
angiotensin system
Neural control and coordination
Definition and classification of nervous system, Structure of a neuron, Generation, and conduction of
nerve impulse, Structure of brain and spinal cord, Functions of cerebrum, cerebellum, hypothalamus,
and medulla oblongata
Chemical coordination and regulation
Endocrine glands and their secretions, Functions of hormones secreted by endocrine glands
Human reproduction
Parts of female reproductive system, Parts of male reproductive system, Spermatogenesis and
Oogenesis, Menstrual cycle
Plants and mineral nutrition:
Page 14 of 136
Essential mineral, macro and micronutrients, Nitrogen metabolism, Nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen
fixation
Photosynthesis:
Autotrophic nutrition, photosynthesis, Photosynthetic pigments, Factors affecting photosynthesis.
UNIT – V 04
Hours
Plant respiration: Respiration, glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic).
Plant growth and development
Phases and rate of plant growth, Condition of growth, Introduction to plant growth regulators
Cell - The unit of life
Structure and functions of cell and cell organelles. Cell division
Tissues
Definition, types of tissues, location and functions.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Text book of Biology by S. B. Gokhale
2. A Text book of Biology by Dr. Thulajappa and Dr. Seetaram.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Text book of Biology by B.V. Sreenivasa Naidu
2. A Text book of Biology by Naidu and Murthy
3. Botany for Degree students By A.C. Dutta.
4. Outlines of Zoology by M. Ekambaranathaayyer and T. N. Ananthakrishnan.
5. A manual for pharmaceutical biology practical by S.B. Gokhale and C. K. Kokate
Page 15 of 136
BS107: REMEDIAL MATHEMATICS

3 0 0 3
Scope: This is an introductory course in mathematics. This subject deals with the introduction to Partial
fraction, Logarithm, matrices and Determinant, Analytical geometry, Calculus, differential equation and
Laplace transform.
Course Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to:-
 Know the theory and their application in Pharmacy
 Solve the different types of problems by applying theory
 Appreciate the important application of mathematics in Pharmacy
UNIT – I 06 Hours
Matrices and Determinant:
Introduction matrices, Types of matrices, Operation on matrices, Transpose of a matrix, Matrix
Multiplication, Determinants, Properties of determinants, Product of determinants, Singular and non-
singular matrices, Inverse of a matrix, Solution of system of linear of equations using Gauss Elimination
method.
UNIT- II 06 Hours
Logarithms:
Introduction, Definition, Theorems/Properties of logarithms, Common logarithms, Characteristic and
Mantissa, worked examples, application of logarithm to solve pharmaceutical problems.
Function:
Real Valued function, Classification of real valued functions

Calculus
Limits and continuity:
Introduction, Limit of a function, Definition of limit of a function
Differentiation:
Introductions, properties of derivatives, Finding derivative of a function usinf Standard Derivatives,
Derivative of the sum or difference of two functions, Derivative of the product of two functions (product
formula), Derivative of the quotient of two functions (Quotient formula) – Without Proof. Related
problem.
Integration:
Introduction, Definition, Standard formulae, Rules of integration, Method of substitution, Method of
Partial fractions, Integration by parts, definite integrals, application
UNIT – V 06 Hours
Differential Equations:
Some basic definitions, Order and degree, Equations in separable form, Homogeneous equations,
Linear Differential equations, Exact equations, Application in solving
Pharmacokinetic equations
TEXT BOOKS: (Latest Edition)

1. Differential Calculus by Shanthinarayan
2. Intermediate telugu academy mathematics text book
3. Integral Calculus by Shanthinarayan
4. Higher Engineering Mathematics by Dr.B.S. Grewal
5. A Text Book of Remedial Mathematics by P seshagiri Rao, Pharmamed Press.
Page 16 of 136
PS108: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY- I Lab

0 0 4 2
Practical physiology is complimentary to the theoretical discussions in physiology. Practicals allow the
verification of physiological processes discussed in theory classes through experiments on living tissue,
intact animals, or normal human beings. This is helpful for developing an insight on the subject.
List of Experiments:
1. Study of compound microscope.
2. Microscopic study of epithelial and connective tissue
3. Microscopic study of muscular and nervous tissue
4. Identification of axial bones
5. Identification of appendicular bones
6. To study the integumentary and special senses using specimen, models, etc.,
7. To study the nervous system using specimen, models, etc.,
8. To study the endocrine system using specimen, models, etc
9. To demonstrate the general neurological examination
10. To demonstrate the function of olfactory nerve
11. To examine the different types of taste.
12. To demonstrate the visual acuity
13. To demonstrate the reflex activity
14. Recording of body temperature
15. To demonstrate positive and negative feedback mechanism.
Page 17 of 136
PS109: PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS - I Lab

0 0 4 2
1. Preparation and standardization of
1) Sodium hydroxide
2) Sulphuric acid
3) Sodium thiosulfate
4) Potassium permanganate
5) Ceric ammonium sulphate
2. Assay of the following compounds along with Standardization of Titrant

1) Ammonium chloride by acid base titration
2) Ferrous sulphate by Cerimetry
3) Copper sulphate by Iodometry
4) Calcium gluconate by complexometry
5) Hydrogen peroxide by Permanganometry
6) Sodium benzoate by non-aqueous titration
7) Sodium Chloride by precipitation titration
3. Determination of Normality by electro-analytical methods

1) Conductometric titration of strong acid against strong base
2) Conductometric titration of strong acid and weak acid against strong base
3) Potentiometric titration of strong acid against strong base
REFERENCE:
1. Pharmaceutical Analysis: A Practical Manual by Randhir Singh Dahiya, Navpreet Kaur, Lalit
Kishore, Pharmamed.
Page 18 of 136
PS110: PHARMACEUTICS LAB

0 0 4 2
1. Syrups
a) Syrup IP
b) Paracetamol pediatric syrup
2. Elixirs
a) Piperazine citrate elixir
b) Paracetamol pediatric elixir
3. Linctus a) Simple Linctus BPC
4. Solutions
a) Strong solution of ammonium acetate
b) Cresol with soap solution
5. Suspensions
a) Calamine lotion
b) Magnesium Hydroxide mixture
5. Emulsions
a) Turpentine Liniment
b) Liquid paraffin emulsion
6. Powders and Granules

a) ORS powder (WHO)
b) Effervescent granules c) Dusting powder
7. Suppositories
a) Glycero gelatin suppository
b) Soap glycerin suppository
8. Semisolids
a) Sulphur ointment
b) Non-staining iodine ointment with methyl salicylate
c) Bentonite gel
9. Gargles and Mouthwashes

a) Potassium chlorate gargle
b) Chlorhexidine mouthwash
REFERENCES BOOKS:
1. Pharmaceutics-I (General Pharmacy) A Practical Manual by Mishra Vijay, Pharmamed
Press
2. Pharmaceutics: A Practical Manual for B PHARM & PHARM D Courses, Abraham Sindhu by
Pharmamed Press.
Page 19 of 136
PS111: PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - LAB

0 0 4 2
Limit tests for following ions
a) Limit test for Chlorides and Sulphates Modified limit test for Chlorides and Sulphates Limit test
for Iron
b) Limit test for Heavy metals Limit test for Lead
c) Limit test for Arsenic
Identification test Magnesium hydroxide Ferrous sulphate Sodium bicarbonate Calcium gluconate
Copper sulphate
Test for purity

a) Swelling power of Bentonite
b) Neutralizing capacity of aluminum hydroxide gel
c) Determination of potassium iodate and iodine in potassium Iodide
Preparation of inorganic pharmaceuticals

a) Boric acid
b) Potash alum
c) Ferrous sulphate
REFERENCE BOOK:
1. Practical Pharmaceutical In-Organic Chemistry, by Bayya Subba Rao, Pharmamed Press.
Page 20 of 136
HS112: COMMUNICATION SKILLS - LAB

0 0 2 1
The following learning modules are to be conducted using wordsworth® English language lab software
Basic communication covering the following topics

Meeting People
Asking Questions
Making Friends
What did you do?
Do’s and Dont’s
Pronunciations covering the following topics

Pronunciation (Consonant Sounds)
Pronunciation and Nouns
Pronunciation (Vowel Sounds)
Advanced Learning
Listening Comprehension / Direct and Indirect Speech
Figures of Speech
Effective Communication
Writing Skills
Effective Writing
Interview Handling Skills
E-Mail etiquette
Presentation Skills
REFERENCE BOOK:
1. Successful Career Soft Skills and Business English Personality Development and Career Path
by Varanasi Bhaskara Rao, Y. Kameswari
Page 21 of 136
BS113: REMEDIAL BIOLOGY LAB

0 0 2 1
1. Introduction to experiments in biology
a) Study of Microscope
b) Section cutting techniques
c) Mounting and staining
d) Permanent slide preparation
2. Study of cell and its inclusions

3. Study of Stem, Root, Leaf and its modifications
4. Detailed study of frog by using computer models
5. Microscopic study and identification of tissues
6. Identification of bones
7. Determination of blood group
8. Determination of blood pressure
9. Determination of tidal volume
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Practical human anatomy and physiology. By S.R. Kale and R.R. Kale.
2. A Manual of pharmaceutical biology practical by S.B. Gokhale, C.K. Kokate and S.P.
Shrivastava.
3. Biology practical manual according to National core curriculum. Biology forum of Karnataka.
Prof. M. J. H. Shafi
Page 22 of 136
PS201: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-II
B. Pharm. I Year II Sem L T P C

3 1 0 4
Scope: This subject is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on the structure and functions of the
various systems of the human body. It also helps in understanding both homeostatic mechanisms. The
subject provides the basic knowledge required to understand the various disciplines of pharmacy.
Course Objectives: Upon completion of this course the student should be able to:
 Explain the gross morphology, structure, and functions of various organs of the human body.
 Describe the various homeostatic mechanisms and their imbalances.
 Identify the various tissues and organs of different systems of human body.
 Perform the hematological tests like blood cell counts, hemoglobin estimation, bleeding/clotting
time etc and also record blood pressure, heart rate, pulse and respiratory volume.
 Appreciate coordinated working pattern of different organs of each system
 Appreciate the interlinked mechanisms in the maintenance of normal functioning (homeostasis)
of human body.
UNIT – I 10 hours
Body fluids and blood
Body fluids, composition and functions of blood, hemopoeisis, formation of hemoglobin, anemia,
mechanisms of coagulation, blood grouping, Rh factors, transfusion, its significance and disorders of
blood, Reticulo endothelial system.
Lymphatic system
Lymphatic organs and tissues, lymphatic vessels, lymph circulation and functions of lymphatic system
Cardiovascular system
Heart – anatomy of heart, blood circulation, blood vessels, structure and functions of artery, vein and
capillaries, elements of conduction system of heart and heart beat, its regulation by autonomic nervous
system, cardiac output, cardiac cycle. Regulation of blood pressure, pulse, electrocardiogram and
disorders of heart.

Digestive system
Anatomy of GI Tract with special reference to anatomy and functions of stomach, (Acid production in
the stomach, regulation of acid production through parasympathetic nervous system, pepsin role in
protein digestion) small intestineand large intestine, anatomy and functions of salivary glands, pancreas
and liver, movements of GIT, digestion and absorption of nutrients and disorders of GIT.
Respiratory system
Anatomy of respiratory system with special reference to anatomy of lungs, mechanism of respiration,
regulation of respiration
Respiratory system
Lung Volumes and capacities transport of respiratory gases, artificial respiration, and resuscitation
methods.
Urinary system
Anatomy of urinary tract with special reference to anatomy of kidney and nephrons, functions of kidney
and urinary tract, physiology of urine formation, micturition reflex and role of kidneys in acid base
balance, role of RAS in kidney and disorders of kidney.
Page 23 of 136
UNIT – V 09 hours
Reproductive system
Anatomy of male and female reproductive system, Functions of male and female reproductive system,
sex hormones, physiology of menstruation, fertilization, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, pregnancy and
parturition
Introduction to genetics
Chromosomes, genes and DNA, protein synthesis, genetic pattern of inheritance

1. Essentials of Medical Physiology by K. Sembulingam and P. Sembulingam. Jaypeebrothers
medical publishers, New Delhi.
2. Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness by Kathleen J.W. Wilson, Churchill Livingstone,
New York
USA
4. Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C, Guyton and John.E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH, U.S.A.
5. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology by Tortora Grabowski. Palmetto, GA, U.S.A.
6. Textbook of Human Histology by Inderbir Singh, Jaypeebrothers medical publishers, New
Delhi.
7. Human Anatomy and Physiology-II by Singh Amteshwar Jaggi, Pharmamed Press
REFERENCE BOOKS:
USA
2. Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C, Guyton and John. E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH, U.S.A.
3. Human Physiology (vol 1 and 2) by Dr. C.C. Chatterrje, Academic Publishers Kolkata
Page 24 of 136
PS202: PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY –I

4 1 0 4
Scope: This subject deals with classification and nomenclature of simple organic compounds, structural
isomerism, intermediates forming in reactions, important physical properties, reactions and methods of
preparation of these compounds. The syllabus also emphasizes on mechanisms and orientation of
reactions.
 write the structure, name and the type of isomerism of the organic compound
 write the reaction, name the reaction and orientation of reactions
 account for reactivity/stability of compounds,
 identify/confirm the identification of organic compound
General methods of preparation and reactions of compounds superscripted with asterisk (*) to be
explained
To emphasize on definition, types, classification, principles/mechanisms, applications, examples and

differences
UNIT - I 07 Hours
Classification, nomenclature and isomerism
Brief review of structural theory of organic chemistry, hybridization, bond length, bond angle, bond
energy; inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance, hyperconjugationand their application in the
analysis of strength of organic acids, bases and stability of organic compounds; structure, shape and
reactivity of nucleophiles, electrophiles and free radicals; cleavage of bonds-homolysis and heterolysis
Classification of Organic Compounds: Common and IUPAC systems of nomenclature of organic
compounds (up to 10 Carbons open chain and carbocyclic compounds)
Structural isomerisms in organic compounds
Types of organic reactions: Addition reactions-electrophilic, nucleophilic and free radical; Substitution
reactions-electrophilic, nucleophilic and free radical; elimination and rearrangement reactions
Alkanes*, Alkenes* and Conjugated dienes*
Functional group approach for the following reactions (preparations & reactions) to be studied in
context to their structure
Alkanes: Preparation: Catalytic hydrogenation, Wurtz reaction, Kolbe’s synthesis, from Grignard
reagent. Reactions: Free radical Substitution: Halogenation, Synthesis of cycloalkanes and different
kinds of strains in cycloalkanes
Alkenes: Preparation: Elimination reactions: Dehydration of alkenes and dehydrohalogenation of alkyl
halides (Saytzeff’s rule); cis alkenes (Partial catalytic hydrogenation) and trans alkenes (Birch
reduction). Reactions: cis-addition (alk. KMnO4) and trans-addition (bromine), Addition of HX
(Markownikoff’s and anti-Markownikoff’s addition), Hydration, Ozonolysis, oxymecuration-
demercuration, Hydroboration-oxidation, stability of alkenes
Conjugated dienes: Stability, Diel-Alder, electrophilic addition, free radical addition reactions of
conjugated dienes, allylic rearrangement
Alkynes: Preparation: Acetylene from CaC2 and conversion into higher alkynes; by dehalogenation of
tetra halides and dehydrohalogenation of vicinal-dihalides. Reactions: formation of metal acetylides,
addition of bromine and alkaline KMnO4, ozonolysis and oxidation with hot alk. KMnO4
Page 25 of 136

Alkyl halides*
SN1 and SN2 reactions - kinetics, order of reactivity of alkyl halides, stereochemistry and
rearrangement of carbocations, SN1 versus SN2 reactions, Factors affecting SN1 and SN2 reactions,
Preparation: from alkenes and alcohols. Reactions: hydrolysis, nitrite & nitro formation, nitrile & isonitrile
formation.
Alcohols: Preparation of alcohols: using Grignard reagent, Ester hydrolysis, Reduction of aldehydes,
ketones, carboxylic acid and esters. Reactions: With sodium, HX (Lucas test), esterification, oxidation
reactions.
Carbonyl compounds* (Aldehydes and ketones)
Preparation: from acid chlorides and from nitriles. Reactions: Reaction with HCN, ROH, NaHSO3, NH2-
G derivatives. Aldol Condensation, Cannizzaro’s reaction, Wittig reaction, Benzoin condensation,
Clemensen reduction and Wolff Kishner reduction, Meerwein-Pondorff Verley reduction, Analysis of
aldehydes and ketones: haloform test, 2,4-DNP test, Tollens and Fehling test.
UNIT - V 08 Hours
Carboxylic acids*(aliphatic and aromatic)
Preparation and reactions of carboxylic acids.
Carboxylic acid derivatives (aliphatic): Preparation: Acid chlorides, Anhydrides, Esters and Amides from
acids and their interconversion.
Acidity of carboxylic acids, effect of substituents on acidity, inductive effect and qualitative
tests for carboxylic acids, amide and ester
Aliphatic amines* -
Preparation: from alkyl halides, Gabriel’s Phthalimide synthesis, Hofmann Bromamide reaction.
Reactions: Hofmann vs. Saytzeff elimination, Quaternary ammonium salts, Carbylamine test.
Basicity, effect of substituent on Basicity. Qualitative tests.

1. Organic Chemistry by Morrison and Boyd
2. Organic Chemistry by I.L. Finar, Volume-I
3. Algarsamy V., Pharmaceutical organic Chemistry, Pharma Med Press
4. Textbook of Organic Chemistry by B.S. Bahl & Arun Bahl.
5. Organic Chemistry by P.L. Soni
6. Practical Organic Chemistry by Mann and Saunders.
7. Vogel’s text book of Practical Organic Chemistry
8. Advanced Practical organic chemistry by N.K. Vishnoi.
9. Introduction to Organic Laboratory techniques by Pavia, Lampman and Kriz.
10. Pharmaceutical organic Chemistry-1, Pooja Chawla.
11. McMurry E. John, Organic Chemistry, Cengage
Page 26 of 136
BS203: BIOCHEMISTRY
3 1 0 4
Scope: Biochemistry deals with complete understanding of the molecular levels of the chemical process
associated with living cells. The scope of the subject is providing biochemical facts and the principles
to understand metabolism of nutrient molecules in physiological and pathological conditions. It is also
emphasizing on genetic organization of mammalian genome and hetero & autocatalytic functions of
DNA.
Course Objectives: Upon completion of course, student shell able to

 Understand the catalytic role of enzymes, importance of enzyme inhibitors in design of new
drugs, therapeutic and diagnostic applications of enzymes.
 Understand the metabolism of nutrient molecules in physiological and pathological conditions.
 Understand the genetic organization of mammalian genome and functions of DNA in the
synthesis of RNAs and proteins.
UNIT – I 10 Hours
Carbohydrate metabolism
Glycolysis – Pathway, energetics and significance Citric acid cycle- Pathway, energetics and
significance
HMP shunt and its significance; Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
Glycogen metabolism Pathways and glycogen storage diseases (GSD) Gluconeogenesis- Pathway and
its significance
Hormonal regulation of blood glucose level and Diabetes mellitus
Biological oxidation
Electron transport chain (ETC) and its mechanism. Oxidative phosphorylation & its mechanism and
substrate level phosphorylation, Inhibitors ETC and oxidative phosphorylation/Uncouplers
Lipid metabolism
â-Oxidation of saturated fatty acid (Palmitic acid)
Formation and utilization of ketone bodies; ketoacidosis De novo synthesis of fatty acids (Palmitic acid)
Biological significance of cholesterol and conversion of cholesterol into bile acids, steroid hormone and
vitamin D
Disorders of lipid metabolism: Hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, fatty liver and obesity.

Amino acid metabolism
General reactions of amino acid metabolism: Transamination, deamination & decarboxylation, urea
cycle and its disorders
Catabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine and their metabolic disorders (Phenyketonuria, Albinism,
alkeptonuria, tyrosinemia)
Synthesis and significance of biological substances; 5-HT, melatonin, dopamine, noradrenaline,
adrenaline
Catabolism of heme; hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice
Nucleic acid metabolism and genetic information transfer Biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine
nucleotides
Catabolism of purine nucleotides and Hyperuricemia and Gout disease Organization of mammalian
genome
Page 27 of 136
Structure of DNA and RNA and their functions DNA replication (semi conservative model) Transcription
or RNA synthesis
Genetic code, Translation or Protein synthesis and inhibitors
UNIT – V 07 Hours
Enzymes
Introduction, properties, nomenclature, and IUB classification of enzymes Enzyme kinetics (Michaelis
plot, Line Weaver Burke plot)
Enzyme inhibitors with examples
Regulation of enzymes: enzyme induction and repression, allosteric enzymes regulation
Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of enzymes and isoenzymes Coenzymes –Structure and
biochemical functions

1. Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger
2. Algarsamy V. Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Pharma Med Press.
3. Harper’s Biochemistry by Robert K. Murry, Daryl K. Granner and Victor W. Rodwell.
4. Biochemistry by Stryer.
5. Biochemistry by D. Satyanarayan and U. Chakrapani
6. Textbook of Biochemistry by Rama Rao.
7. Textbook of Biochemistry by Deb.
8. Outlines of Biochemistry by Conn and Stumpf
9. Introduction of Practical Biochemistry by David T. Plummer. (3rd Edition)
Page 28 of 136
BS204: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

3 1 0 4
Scope: Pathophysiology is the study of causes of diseases and reactions of the body to such disease
producing causes. This course is designed to impart a thorough knowledge of the relevant aspects of
pathology of various conditions with reference to its pharmacological applications, and understanding
of basic pathophysiological mechanisms. Hence it will not only help to study the syllabus of pathology,
but also to get baseline knowledge required to practice medicine safely, confidently, rationally and
effectively.
Course Objectives: Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to–
 Describe the etiology and pathogenesis of the selected disease states;
 Name the signs and symptoms of the diseases; and
 Mention the complications of the diseases.
UNIT – I 10 Hours
Basic principles of Cell injury and Adaptation:
Introduction, definitions, Homeostasis, Components and Types of Feedback systems, causes of cellular
injury, Pathogenesis (Cell membrane damage, Mitochondrial damage, Ribosome damage, Nuclear
damage), Morphology of cell injury – Adaptive changes (Atrophy, Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, Metaplasia,
Dysplasia), Cell swelling, Intra cellular accumulation, Calcification, Enzyme leakage and Cell Death
Acidosis &Alkalosis, Electrolyte imbalance
Basic mechanism involved in the process of inflammation and repair:
Introduction, Clinical signs of inflammation, Different types of Inflammation, Mechanism of Inflammation
– Alteration in vascular permeability and blood flow, migration of
WBC’s, Mediators of inflammation, Basic principles of wound healing in the skin, Pathophysiology of
Atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular System:
Hypertension, congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease (angina, myocardial infarction,
atherosclerosis, and arteriosclerosis)
Respiratory system: Asthma, Chronic obstructive airways diseases.
Renal system: Acute and chronic renal failure
UNIT - III 10 Hours

Haematological Diseases:
Iron deficiency, megaloblastic anemia (Vit B12 and folic acid), sickle cell anemia, thalasemia, hereditary
acquired anemia, hemophilia
Endocrine system: Diabetes, thyroid diseases, disorders of sex hormones
Nervous system: Epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, psychiatric disorders: depression,
schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease.
Gastrointestinal system: Peptic Ulcer
Inflammatory bowel diseases, jaundice, hepatitis (A,B,C,D,E,F) alcoholic liver disease.
Disease of bones and joints: Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, and gout
Principles of cancer: classification, etiology and pathogenesis of cancer
Page 29 of 136
UNIT – V 07 Hours
Infectious diseases: Meningitis, Typhoid, Leprosy, Tuberculosis, Urinary tract infections, SARS virus
including COVID 19, Conjunctivitis, Measles
Sexually transmitted diseases: AIDS, Syphilis, Gonorrhea

1. Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abas, Jon C. Aster; Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease; South
Asia edition; India; Elsevier; 2014.
2. Harsh Mohan; Text book of Pathology; 6 th edition; India; Jaypee Publications; 2010.
3. Laurence B, Bruce C, Bjorn K.; Goodman Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics;
12th edition; New York; McGraw-Hill; 2011.
4. Sujesh M., Pathophysiology for Pharmacy - A Concise Review, Pharma Med Press
5. Best, Charles Herbert 1899-1978; Taylor, Norman Burke 1885-1972; West, John B (John
Burnard); Best and Taylor’s Physiological basis of medical practice; 12th ed; united states;
6. William and Wilkins, Baltimore; 1991 [1990 printing].
7. Nicki R. Colledge, Brian R. Walker, Stuart H. Ralston; Davidson’s Principles and Practice of
Medicine; 21st edition; London; ELBS/Churchill Livingstone; 2010.
8. Guyton A, John. E Hall; Textbook of Medical Physiology; 12th edition; WB Saunders Company;
2010.
9. Joseph DiPiro, Robert L. Talbert, Gary Yee, Barbara Wells, L. Michael Posey;
Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiological Approach; 9th edition; London; McGraw-Hill Medical;
2014.
10. V. Kumar, R. S. Cotran and S. L. Robbins; Basic Pathology; 6th edition; Philadelphia; WB
Saunders Company; 1997.
11. Roger Walker, Clive Edwards; Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics; 3rd edition; London;
Churchill Livingstone publication; 2003.
Page 30 of 136
CS205: COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN PHARMACY

3 0 0 3
Scope: This subject deals with the introduction Database, Database Management system, computer
application in clinical studies and use of databases.
 know the various types of application of computers in pharmacy
 know the various types of databases
 know the various applications of databases in pharmacy
UNIT – I 06 hours
Number system: Binary number system, Decimal number system, Octal number system, Hexadecimal
number systems, conversion decimal to binary, binary to decimal, octal to binary etc, binary addition,
binary subtraction – One’s complement, Two’s complement method, binary multiplication, binary
division
Concept of Information Systems and Software: Information gathering, requirement and feasibility
analysis, data flow diagrams, process specifications, input/output design, process life cycle, planning
and managing the project
UNIT –II 06 Hours

Web technologies: Introduction to HTML, XML, CSS and Programming languages, introduction to web
servers and Server Products
Introduction to databases, MYSQL, MS ACCESS, Pharmacy Drug database

Application of computers in Pharmacy –Drug information storage and retrieval, Pharmacokinetics,
Mathematical model in Drug design, Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy, Electronic Prescribing and
discharge (EP) systems, barcode medicine identification and automated dispensing of drugs, mobile
technology, and adherence monitoring
Diagnostic System, Lab-diagnostic System, Patient Monitoring System, Pharma Information System
Bioinformatics: Introduction, Objective of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Databases, Concept of
Bioinformatics, Impact of Bioinformatics in Vaccine Discovery
UNIT-V 06 hours
Computers as data analysis in Preclinical development: Chromatographic dada analysis (CDS),
Laboratory Information management System (LIMS) and Text Information Management System (TIMS)
TEXT BOOKS: (Latest edition):

1. Computer Application in Pharmacy – William E. Fassett –Lea and Febiger, 600 South
Washington Square, USA, (215) 922-1330.
2. Computer Application in Pharmaceutical Research and Development –Sean Ekins – Wiley-
Interscience, A John Willey and Sons, INC., Publication, USA
3. Bioinformatics (Concept, Skills and Applications) – S.C. Rastogi-CBS Publishers and
Distributors, 4596/1- A, 11 Darya Gani, New Delhi – 110 002(INDIA)
4. Microsoft office Access - 2003, Application Development Using VBA, SQL Server, DAP and
Infopath – Cary N. Prague – Wiley Dreamtech India (P) Ltd., 4435/7, Ansari Road, Daryagani,
New Delhi – 110002
5. Mohiddin S. D. Computer Applications in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharma Med Press.
Page 31 of 136
PS206: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY –II LAB

0 0 4 2
Practical physiology is complimentary to the theoretical discussions in physiology. Practicals allow the
verification of physiological processes discussed in theory classes through experiments on living tissue,
intact animals or normal human beings. This is helpful for developing an insight on the subject.
1. Introduction to hemocytometry.
2. Enumeration of white blood cell (WBC) count
3. Enumeration of total red blood corpuscles (RBC) count
4. Determination of bleeding time
5. Determination of clotting time
6. Estimation of hemoglobin content
7. Determination of blood group.
8. Determination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).
9. Determination of heart rate and pulse rate.
10. Recording of blood pressure.
11. Determination of tidal volume and vital capacity.
12. Study of digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular systems, urinary and reproductive systems with
the help of models, charts and specimens.
13. Recording of basal mass index .
14. Study of family planning devices and pregnancy diagnosis test.
15. Demonstration of total blood count by cell analyser
16. Permanent slides of vital organs and gonads.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Textbook of Practical Physiology by C.L. Ghai, Jaypeebrothers medical publishers, New Delhi.
2. Practical workbook of Human Physiology by K. Srinageswari and Rajeev Sharma, Jaypee
brother’s medical publishers, New Delhi.
Page 32 of 136
PS207: PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY -I LAB

0 0 4 2
a) Systematic qualitative analysis of unknown organic compounds like
1. Preliminary test: Color, odour, aliphatic/aromatic compounds, saturation and unsaturation, etc.
2. Detection of elements like Nitrogen, Sulphur and Halogen by Lassaigne’s test
3. Solubility test
4. Functional group test like Phenols, Amides/ Urea, Carbohydrates, Amines, Carboxylic acids,
Aldehydes and Ketones, Alcohols, Esters, Aromatic and Halogenated Hydrocarbons, Nitro
compounds and Anilides.
5. Melting point/Boiling point of organic compounds
6. Identification of the unknown compound from the literature using melting point/ boiling point.
7. Preparation of the derivatives and confirmation of the unknown compound by melting point/
boiling point.
8. Minimum 5 unknown organic compounds to be analysed systematically.
b) Preparation of suitable solid derivatives from organic compounds

c) Construction of molecular models
RECOMMENDED BOOKS (Latest Editions)

Page 33 of 136
BS208: BIOCHEMISTRY LAB

0 0 4 2
1. Qualitative analysis of carbohydrates (Glucose, Fructose, Lactose, Maltose, Sucrose and
starch)
2. Identification tests for Proteins (albumin and Casein)
3. Quantitative analysis of reducing sugars (DNSA method) and Proteins (Biuret method)
4. Qualitative analysis of urine for abnormal constituents
5. Determination of blood creatinine
6. Determination of blood sugar
7. Determination of serum total cholesterol
8. Preparation of buffer solution and measurement of pH
9. Study of enzymatic hydrolysis of starch
10. Determination of Salivary amylase activity
11. Study the effect of Temperature on Salivary amylase activity.
12. Study the effect of substrate concentration on salivary amylase activity.

1) Biochemistry: A Practical Manual, Bose Sharad Chandra
2) Practical Biochemistry by R.C. Gupta and S. Bhargavan.
3) Practical Biochemistry for Medical students by Rajagopal and Ramakrishna.
4) Practical Biochemistry by Harold Varley.
Page 34 of 136
CS209: COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN PHARMACY LAB

0 0 2 1
1. Design a questionnaire using a word processing package to gather information about a
particular disease.
2. Create a HTML web page to show personal information.
3 Retrieve the information of a drug and its adverse effects using online tools
4 Creating mailing labels Using Label Wizard, generating label in MS WORD
5 Create a database in MS Access to store the patient information with the required fields Using
access
6. Design a form in MS Access to view, add, delete and modify the patient record in the database
7. Generating report and printing the report from patient database
8. Creating invoice table using – MS Access
9. Drug information storage and retrieval using MS Access
10. Creating and working with queries in MS Access
11. Exporting Tables, Queries, Forms and Reports to web pages
12. Exporting Tables, Queries, Forms and Reports to XML pages
Page 35 of 136
PS301: PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – II
B. Pharm. II Year I Sem L T P C

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: This subject deals with general methods of preparation and reactions of some
organic compounds. Reactivity of organic compounds are also studied here. The syllabus emphasizes
on mechanisms and orientation of reactions. Chemistry of fats and oils are also included in the syllabus.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to
 write the structure, name and the type of isomerism of the organic compound
 write the reaction, name the reaction and orientation of reactions
 account for reactivity/stability of compounds,
 prepare organic compounds
UNIT - I 10 Hours
Benzene and its derivatives
A. Analytical, synthetic and other evidences in the derivation of structure of benzene, Orbital picture,
resonance in benzene, aromatic characters, Huckel’s rule
B. Preparations of benzene, Reactions of benzene - nitration, sulphonation, halogenation reactivity,
Friedelcrafts alkylation- reactivity, limitations, Friedelcrafts acylation.
C. Substituents, effect of substituents on reactivity and orientation of mono substituted benzene
compounds towards electrophilic substitution reaction
UNIT - II 10 Hours
Phenols* - preparation and reactions, Acidity of phenols, effect of substituents on acidity, qualitative
tests.
Aromatic Amines* - Basicity of amines, effect of substituents on basicity, and synthetic uses of aryl
diazonium salts
Aromatic Acids* –Acidity, effect of substituents on acidity and important reactions of benzoic acid.

Nitro Compounds: Preparations and reactions, Classification, Reactivity: Halogenation using nitrous
acid, Nef reaction, Michael Addition, Henry Reaction, Aromatic Nitro hydrocarbons, Preparation of
Nitrobenzene from diazonium salt and direct nitration, Reactivity and reduction of nitrobenzene in
different media.
Ethers (aliphatic and aromatic): Introduction, synthesis and reactions of ethers
Polynuclear hydrocarbons:
a) Synthesis, reactions
b) Structure and medicinal uses of Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Diphenylmethane,
Triphenylmethane and their derivatives
UNIT – V 07 Hours
Cyclo alkanes: Stabilities – Baeyer’s strain theory, limitation of Baeyer’s strain theory, Coulson and
Moffitt’s modification, Sachse Mohr’s theory (Theory of strainless rings), reactions of cyclopropane and
cyclobutane

2. Organic Chemistry by I.L. Finar, Volume-I
3. Textbook of Organic Chemistry by B.S. Bahl & Arun Bahl.
Page 36 of 136
4. Pharmaceutical organic Chemistry by V Algarsamy, Pharmamed Press

5. Organic Chemistry by P.L. Soni
7. Vogel’s text book of Practical Organic Chemistry
1. Introduction to Organic Laboratory techniques by Pavia, Lampman and Kriz.
Page 37 of 136
PS302: PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS - I

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: The course deals with the various physical, physicochemical properties and
principle involved in dosage forms, formulations. Theory and practical components of the subject help
the student to get a better insight in to various areas of formulation research and development and
stability studies of pharmaceuticals.
Course Outcomes: Upon the completion of the course student shall be able to:
 Understand various physicochemical properties of drug molecules in the designing the dosage
form.
 Know the principles of chemical kinetics & to use them in assigning expiry date for formulation.
 Demonstrate use of physicochemical properties in evaluation of dosage forms.
 Appreciate physicochemical properties of drug molecules in formulation research and
development.
UNIT – I 10 Hours
States of Matter and properties of matter: State of matter, changes in the state of matter, latent
heats, vapour pressure, sublimation critical point, eutectic mixtures, gases, aerosols– inhalers, relative
humidity, liquid complexes, liquid crystals, glassy states, solid-crystalline, amorphous & polymorphism.
Physicochemical properties of drug molecules: Refractive index, optical rotation, dielectric
constant, dipole moment, dissociation constant, determinations and applications
Solubility of drugs: Solubility expressions, mechanisms of solute solvent interactions, ideal solubility
parameters, solvation & association, quantitative approach to the factors influencing solubility of drugs,
Dissolution & drug release, diffusion principles in biological systems. Solubility of gas in liquids, solubility
of liquids in liquids, (Binary solutions, ideal solutions) Raoult’s law, real solutions, azeotropic mixtures,
fractional distillation. Partially miscible liquids, Critical solution temperature (CST) and applications.
Distribution law, its limitations and applications
UNIT - III 10 Hours

Micromeretics: Particle size and distribution, average particle size, number and weight distribution,
particle number, methods for determining particle size by (different methods), counting and separation
method, particle shape, specific surface, methods for determining surface area, permeability,
adsorption, derived properties of powders, porosity, packing arrangement, densities, bulkiness & flow
properties.
Complexation and protein binding: Introduction, Classification of Complexation, Applications,
methods of analysis, protein binding, Complexation and drug action, crystalline structures of complexes
and thermodynamic treatment of stability constants.
UNIT – V 07 Hours
pH, buffers and Isotonic solutions: Sorensen’s pH scale, pH determination ectrometric and
calorimetric), applications of buffers, buffer equation, buffer capacity, buffers in pharmaceutical and
biological systems, buffered isotonic solutions. Isotonicity, Colligative properties and determination of
tonicity of a system.
Page 38 of 136
RECOMMENDED BOOKS: (Latest Editions)

1. Physical pharmacy by Alfred Martin
2. Experimental pharmaceutics by Eugene, Parott.
3. Tutorial pharmacy by Cooper and Gunn.
4. Stocklosam J. Pharmaceutical calculations, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
5. Liberman H. A, Lachman C., Pharmaceutical Dosage forms, Tablets, Volume 1-3, Marcel Dekkar
Inc.
6. Liberman H. A, Lachman C, Pharmaceutical dosage forms. Disperse systems, volume 1, 2, 3.
Marcel Dekkar Inc.
7. Physical pharmaceutics by Ramasamy C and Manavalan R.
8. Manavalan et. Al, Physical Pharmaceutics, Pharma Med Press
Page 39 of 136
BS303: PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: In the broadest sense, scope of microbiology is the study of all organisms that are
invisible to the naked eye- that is the study of microorganisms. Microorganisms are necessary for the
production of bread, cheese, beer, antibiotics, vaccines, vitamins, enzymes etc. Microbiology has an
impact on medicine, agriculture, food science, ecology, genetics, biochemistry, immunology etc.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to;
 Understand methods of identification, cultivation and preservation of various microorganisms
 Importance of sterilization in microbiology. and pharmaceutical industry
 Learn sterility testing of pharmaceutical products.
 Microbiological standardization of Pharmaceuticals.
 Understand the cell culture technology and its applications in pharmaceutical industries.
UNIT – I 10 Hours
Introduction, history of microbiology, its branches, scope and its importance. Introduction to Prokaryotes
and Eukaryotes. Study of ultra-structure and morphological classification of bacteria, nutritional
requirements, raw materials used for culture media and physical parameters for growth, growth curve,
isolation and preservation methods for pure cultures, cultivation of anaerobes, quantitative
measurement of bacterial growth (total & viable count). Study of different types of phase contrast
microscopy, dark field microscopy and electron microscopy.
UNIT - II 10 Hours
Identification of bacteria using staining techniques (simple, Gram’s & Acid fast staining) and biochemical
tests (IMViC). Study of principle, procedure, merits, demerits and applications of Physical, chemical and
mechanical method of sterilization. Evaluation of the efficiency of sterilization methods. Equipments
employed in large scale sterilization. Sterility indicators.

Study of morphology, classification, reproduction/replication and cultivation of Fungi and Virus.
Classification and mode of action of disinfectants. Factors influencing disinfection, antiseptics and their
evaluation. For bacteriostatic and bactericidal actions. Evaluation of bactericidal & Bacteriostatic.
Sterility testing of products (solids, liquids, ophthalmic and other sterile products) according to IP, BP
and USP.
Designing of aseptic area, laminar flow equipments; study of different sources of contamination in an
aseptic area and methods of prevention, clean area classification. Principles and methods of different
microbiological assay. Methods for standardization of antibiotics, vitamins and amino acids.
Assessment of a new antibiotic and testing of antimicrobial activity of a new substance. General
aspects-environmental cleanliness.
UNIT – V 07 Hours
Types of spoilage, factors affecting the microbial spoilage of pharmaceutical products, sources and
types of microbial contaminants, assessment of microbial contamination and spoilage.
Preservation of pharmaceutical products using antimicrobial agents, evaluation of microbial stability of
formulations. Growth of animal cells in culture, general procedure for cell culture, Primary, established
and transformed cell cultures. Application of cell cultures in pharmaceutical industry and research.
Page 40 of 136
RECOMMENDED BOOKS (Latest edition)

1. Rafi MD, Text book of biochemistry for undergraduates, 3rd edition, Universities press, 2017.
2. W.B. Hugo and A.D. Russel: Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Blackwell Scientific publications,
Oxford London.
3. Prescott and Dunn, Industrial Microbiology, 4th edition, CBS Publishers & Distributors, Delhi.
4. Pelczar, Chan Kreig, Microbiology, Tata McGraw Hill edn.
5. Malcolm Harris, Balliere Tindall and Cox: Pharmaceutical Microbiology.
6. Rose: Industrial Microbiology.
7. Probisher, Hinsdill et al: Fundamentals of Microbiology, 9th ed. Japan
8. Cooper and Gunn’s: Tutorial Pharmacy, CBS Publisher and Distribution.
9. Peppler: Microbial Technology.
10. I.P., B.P., U.S.P.- latest editions.
11. Edward: Fundamentals of Microbiology.
12. N.K.Jain: Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi
13. Bergeys manual of systematic bacteriology, Williams and Wilkins- A Waverly company
14. Ananthanarayan and Paniker’s textbook of Microbiology tenth edition
15. Ravi Kumar, Pharmaceutical Microbiology: A Comprehensive Approach, 2nd Ed. Pharma Med
Press
Page 41 of 136
PC304: PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: This course is designed to impart a fundamental knowledge on the art and science
of various unit operations used in pharmaceutical industry.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of the course student shall be able:

 To know various unit operations used in Pharmaceutical industries.
 To understand the material handling techniques.
 To perform various processes involved in pharmaceutical manufacturing process.
 To carry out various test to prevent environmental pollution.
 To appreciate and comprehend significance of plant lay out design for optimum use of
resources.
 To appreciate the various preventive methods used for corrosion control in Pharmaceutical
industries.
UNIT – I 10 Hours
Flow of fluids: Types of manometers, Reynolds number and its significance, Bernoulli’s theorem and
its applications, Energy losses, Orifice meter, Venturimeter, Pitot tube and Rotometer.
Size Reduction: Objectives, Mechanisms & Laws governing size reduction, factors affecting size
reduction, principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Hammer mill, ball mill, fluid
energy mill, Edge runner mill & end runner mill.
Size Separation: Objectives, applications & mechanism of size separation, official standards of
powders, sieves, size separation Principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Sieve
shaker, cyclone separator, Air separator, Bag filter & elutriation tank.
Mixing: Objectives, applications & factors affecting mixing, Difference between solid and liquid mixing,
mechanism of solid mixing, liquids mixing and semisolids mixing. Principles, Construction, Working,
uses, Merits and Demerits of Double cone blender, twin shell blender, ribbon blender, Sigma blade
mixer, planetary mixers, Propellers, Turbines, Paddles & Silverson Emulsifier,
Crystallization: Objectives, applications, & theory of crystallization. Solubility curves, principles,
construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Agitated batch crystallizer, Swenson Walker
Crystallizer, Krystal crystallizer, Vacuum crystallizer. Caking of crystals, factors affecting caking &
prevention of caking.

Evaporation: Objectives, applications and factors influencing evaporation, differences between
evaporation and other heat process. principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of
Steam jacketed kettle, horizontal tube evaporator, climbing film evaporator, forced circulation
evaporator, multiple effect evaporator& Economy of multiple effect evaporator.
Heat Transfer: Objectives, applications & Heat transfer mechanisms. Fourier’s law, Heat transfer by
conduction, convection & radiation. Heat interchangers & heat exchangers. List of equipment by name
and their functions.
Drying: Objectives, applications & mechanism of drying process, measurements& applications of
Equilibrium Moisture content, rate of drying curve. principles, construction, working, uses, merits and
demerits of Tray dryer, drum dryer spray dryer, fluidized bed dryer, vacuum dryer, freeze dryer.
Distillation: Objectives, applications & types of distillation. principles, construction, working, uses,
merits and demerits of (lab scale and industrial scale) Simple distillation, preparation of purified water
and water for injection BP by distillation, flash distillation, fractional distillation, distillation under reduced
Page 42 of 136
pressure, steam distillation & molecular distillation
UNIT - V 07 Hours
Filtration: Objectives, applications, Theories & Factors influencing filtration, filter aids, filter medias.
Principle, Construction, Working, Uses, Merits and demerits of plate & frame filter, filter leaf, rotary drum
filter, Meta filter & Cartridge filter, membrane filters and Seitz filter. HEPA filters for controlled pollution.
Centrifugation: Objectives, principle & applications of Centrifugation, principles, construction, working,
uses, merits and demerits of Perforated basket centrifuge, Non-perforated basket centrifuge, semi
continuous centrifuge & super centrifuge.

1. Introduction to chemical engineering – Walter L Badger & Julius Banchero, Latest edition.
2. Solid phase extraction, Principles, techniques and applications by Nigel J.K. Simpson-Latest
edition.
3. Unit operation of chemical engineering – Mcabe Smith, Latest edition.
4. Pharmaceutical Engineering DK Tripathi, Pharma Med Press
5. Pharmaceutical engineering principles and practices – C.V.S Subrahmanyam et al., Latest
edition.
6. Remington practice of pharmacy- Martin, Latest edition.
7. Theory and practice of industrial pharmacy by Lachmann., Latest edition.
8. Physical pharmaceutics- C.V.S Subrahmanyam et al., Latest edition.
9. Cooper and Gunn’s Tutorial pharmacy, S.J. Carter, Latest edition.
10. Derle, Essentials of Pharmaceutical Engineering (Unit Operations), 2nd Ed. Pharma Med Press
Page 43 of 136
PS305: PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - II LAB

0 0 4 2
I Experiments involving laboratory techniques

Recrystallization
Steam Distillation
II Determination of following oil values (including standardization of reagents)

Acid value
Saponification value
Iodine value
III Preparation of compounds

 Benzanilide/Phenyl benzoate/Acetanilide from Aniline/ Phenol /Aniline by acylation reaction.
 2,4,6-Tribromo aniline/Para bromo acetanilide from Aniline/ Acetanilide by halogenation
(Bromination) reaction.
 5-Nitro salicylic acid/Meta di nitro benzene from Salicylic acid / Nitro benzene by nitration
reaction.
 Benzoic acid from Benzyl chloride by oxidation reaction.
 Benzoic acid/ Salicylic acid from alkyl benzoate/ alkyl salicylate by hydrolysis reaction.
 1-Phenyl azo-2-napthol from Aniline by diazotization and coupling reactions.
 Benzil from Benzoin by oxidation reaction.
 Dibenzal acetone from Benzaldehyde by Claison Schmidt reaction
 Cinnammic acid from Benzaldehyde by Perkin reaction
 P-Iodo benzoic acid from P-amino benzoic acid

2. Durai Ananda Kumar T., Experimental Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Principles &
Practice, Pharma Med Press.
3. A Microscale Approach to Organic Laboratory Techniques, Pavia, Lampman, Cengage BSP
Books.
Page 44 of 136
PS306: PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS – I LAB

0 0 4 2
List of Experiments
1. Determination the solubility of drug at room temperature at different pH conditions
2. Determination of pKa value by Half Neutralization/ Henderson Hassel Balch equation
3. Determination of Partition coefficient of benzoic acid in benzene and water
4. Determination of Partition coefficient of Iodine in CCl4 and water
5. Determination of % composition of NaCl in a solution using phenol-water system by CST
method
6. Determination of particle size, particle size distribution using sieving method
7. Determination of particle size, particle size distribution using Microscopic method
8. Determination of bulk density, true density and porosity
9. Determine the angle of repose and influence of lubricant on angle of repose
10. Determination of stability constant and donor acceptor ratio of PABA-Caffeine complex by
solubility method
11. Determination of stability constant and donor acceptor ratio of Cupric-Glycine complex by pH
titration method

2. Pharmaceutical Calculation, D K Tripathi.
3. Laboratory manual of physical pharmaceutics, C.V.S. Subramanyam, J. Thimma settee
4. Mohanta Guru Prasad. Physical Pharmacy Practical text, 3rd Revised Ed., Pharma Med Press
Page 45 of 136
BS307: PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY LAB

0 0 4 2
1. Introduction and study of different equipments and processing, e.g., B.O.D. incubator, laminar
flow, aseptic hood, autoclave, hot air sterilizer, deep freezer, refrigerator, microscopes used in
experimental microbiology.
2. Sterilization of glassware, preparation and sterilization of media.
3. Sub culturing of bacteria and fungus. Nutrient stabs and slants preparations.
4. Staining methods- Simple, Grams staining and acid fast staining (Demonstration with practical).
5. Isolation of pure culture of micro-organisms by multiple streak plate technique and other
techniques.
6. Microbiological assay of antibiotics by cup plate method and other methods
7. Motility determination by Hanging drop method.
8. Sterility testing of pharmaceuticals.
9. Bacteriological analysis of water
10. Biochemical test (IMViC reactions)
11. Revision Practical Class

1. Jyostna, Manual of Practical Microbiology, Pharma Med Press
2. Pharmaceutical Microbiology: A Laboratory manual by Prasad G.Shyam & K.Srisailam,
Page 46 of 136
PC308: PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING LAB

0 0 4 2
1. Determination of radiation constant of brass, iron, unpainted and painted glass.
2. Steam distillation – To calculate the efficiency of steam distillation.
3. To determine the overall heat transfer coefficient by heat exchanger.
4. Construction of drying curves (for calcium carbonate and starch).
5. Determination of moisture content and loss on drying.
6. Determination of humidity of air – i) from wet and dry bulb temperatures –use of Dew point
method.
7. Description of Construction working and application of Pharmaceutical Machinery such as
rotary tablet machine, fluidized bed coater, fluid energy mill, de humidifier.
8. Size analysis by sieving – To evaluate size distribution of tablet granulations – Construction of
various size frequency curves including arithmetic and logarithmic probability plots.
9. Size reduction: To verify the laws of size reduction using ball mill and determining Kicks,
Rittinger’s, Bond’s coefficients, power requirement and critical speed of Ball Mill.
10. Demonstration of colloid mill, planetary mixer, fluidized bed dryer, freeze dryer and such other
major equipment.
11. Factors affecting Rate of Filtration and Evaporation (Surface area, Concentration and
Thickness/ viscosity
12. To study the effect of time on the Rate of Crystallization.
13. To calculate the uniformity Index for given sample by using Double Cone Blender.
1. Pharmaceutical Engineering : Practical Manual (Unit Operations), Sudhakara

Reddy,Pharmamed Press.
2. Remington practice of pharmacy- Martin, Latest edition.
Page 47 of 136
PS401: PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – III
B. Pharm. II Year II Sem L T P C

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: This subject imparts knowledge on stereo-chemical aspects of organic
compounds and organic reactions, important named reactions, chemistry of important hetero cyclic
compounds. It also emphasizes on medicinal and other uses of organic compounds.
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student shall be able to:
 Understand the methods of preparation and properties of organic compounds
 Explain the stereo chemical aspects of organic compounds and stereo chemical reactions
 Know the medicinal uses and other applications of organic compounds
Note: To emphasize on definition, types, mechanisms, examples, uses/applications
UNIT - I 10 Hours
Stereo isomerism
Optical isomerism – Optical activity, enantiomerism, diastereoisomerism, meso compounds
Elements of symmetry, chiral and achiral molecules, DL system of nomenclature of optical isomers,
sequence rules, RS system of nomenclature of optical isomers, Reactions of chiral molecules. Racemic
modification and resolution of racemic mixture Asymmetric synthesis: partial and absolute
Geometrical isomerism
Nomenclature of geometrical isomers (Cis Trans, EZ, Syn Anti systems) Methods of determination of
configuration of geometrical isomers.
Conformational isomerism in Ethane, n-Butane and Cyclohexane. Stereo isomerism in biphenyl
compounds (Atropisomerism) and conditions for optical activity.
Stereospecific and stereoselective reactions

Heterocyclic compounds with one hetero atom
Nomenclature and classification
Synthesis, reactions and medicinal uses of compounds/derivatives: Pyrrole, Furan, and Thiophene
Relative aromaticity and reactivity of Pyrrole, Furan and Thiophene
Heterocyclic compounds with two hetero atoms
Synthesis, reactions and medicinal uses of following compounds/derivatives
Pyrazole, Imidazole, Oxazole and Thiazole.
Pyridine, Quinoline, Isoquinoline, Acridine and Indole. Basicity of pyridine
Synthesis and medicinal uses of Pyrimidine, Purine, azepines and their derivatives
UNIT – V 07 Hours
Reactions of synthetic importance
Metal hydride reduction (NaBH4 and LiAlH4), Clemmensen reduction, Birch reduction, Wolff Kishner
reduction. Oppenauer-oxidation and Dakin reaction. Beckmanns rearrangement and Schmidt
rearrangement, Pinocol-Pinocolone rearrangement Claisen-Schmidt condensation

1. Organic chemistry by I.L. Finar, Volume-I & II.
2. A text book of organic chemistry – Arun Bahl, B.S. Bahl.
3. Heterocyclic Chemistry by Raj K. Bansal
5. Heterocyclic Chemistry by T.L. Gilchrist
6. Rama Rao Nadendla, Principles of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, 2nd Ed., Pharma Med
Press
Page 48 of 136
PS402: PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS - II

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: The course deals with the various physical, physicochemical properties and
principle involved in dosage forms, formulations. Theory and practical components of the subject help
the student to get a better insight in to various areas of formulation research and development and
stability studies of pharmaceuticals.
Course Outcomes: Upon the completion of the course student shall be able to
 Understand various physicochemical properties of drug molecules in the designing the dosage form
 Know the principles of chemical kinetics & to use them in assigning expiry date for Formulation
 Demonstrate use of physicochemical properties in evaluation of dosage forms.
 Appreciate physicochemical properties of drug molecules in formulation research and Development
UNIT - I 10 Hours
Drug stability: Reaction kinetics: zero, pseudo-zero, first & second order, units of basicrate constants,
determination of reaction order. Physical and chemical factors influencing the chemical degradation of
pharmaceutical product: temperature, solvent, ionic strength, dielectric constant, specific & general acid
base catalysis, Simple numerical problems. Stabilization of medicinal agents against common reactions
like hydrolysis & oxidation. Accelerated stability testing in expiration dating of pharmaceutical dosage
forms. Photolytic degradation and its prevention
UNIT - II 10 Hours
Rheology: Newtonian systems, law of flow, kinematic viscosity, effect of temperature, non-Newtonian
systems, pseudoplastic, dilatants, plastic, thixotropy, thixotropy in formulation, determination of
viscosity, capillary, falling Sphere, rotational viscometers
Deformation of solids: Plastic and elastic deformation, Heckel equation, Stress, Strain, Elastic
Modulus

Coarse dispersion: Suspension, interfacial properties of suspended particles, settling in suspensions,
formulation of suspensions. Emulsions and theories of emulsification, microemulsion and multiple
emulsions; Physical stability of emulsions, preservation of emulsions, rheological properties of
emulsions, phase equilibria and emulsion formulation.
UNIT - IV 08 Hours
Surface and interfacial phenomenon: Liquid interface, surface & interfacial tensions,
surface free energy, measurement of surface & interfacial tensions, spreading coefficient, adsorption
at liquid interfaces, surface active agents, HLB Scale, solubilisation, detergency, adsorption at solid
interface.
UNIT – V 07 Hours
Colloidal dispersions: Classification of dispersed systems & their general characteristics, size &
shapes of colloidal particles, classification of colloids & comparative account of their general properties.
Optical, kinetic & electrical properties. Effect of electrolytes, coacervation, peptization& protective
action.

1. Physical Pharmacy by Alfred Martin, Sixth edition
Page 49 of 136
4. Stocklosam J. Pharmaceutical calculations, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.

5. Liberman H.A, Lachman C., Pharmaceutical Dosage forms, Tablets, Volume 1-3, Marcel Dekkar
Inc.
6. Liberman H.A, Lachman C, Pharmaceutical dosage forms. Disperse systems, volume 1, 2, 3.
Marcel Dekkar Inc.
7. Physical Pharmaceutics by Ramasamy C, and Manavalan R.
8. Vidyadhara et al. Physical Pharmaceutics – II, Pharma Med Press.
Page 50 of 136
PC403: PHARMACOLOGY - I
3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: The main purpose of the subject is to understand what drugs do to the living
organisms and how their effects can be applied to therapeutics. The subject covers the information
about the drugs like, mechanism of action, physiological and biochemical effects (pharmacodynamics)
as well as absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (pharmacokinetics) along with the adverse
effects, clinical uses, interactions, doses, contraindications and routes of administration of different
classes of drugs.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of this course the student should be able to
 Understand the pharmacological actions of different categories of drugs
 Explain the mechanism of drug action at organ system/sub cellular/ macromolecular levels.
 Apply the basic pharmacological knowledge in the prevention and treatment of various
diseases.
 Observe the effect of drugs on animals by simulated experiments
 Appreciate correlation of pharmacology with other bio medical sciences
UNIT – I 08 hours
1. General Pharmacology
a) Introduction to Pharmacology- Definition, historical landmarks and scope of pharmacology,
nature and source of drugs, essential drugs concept and routes of drug administration.
b) Pharmacodynamics- Principles and mechanisms of drug action. Receptor theories and
classification of receptors, regulation of receptors. drug receptors interactions signal
transduction mechanisms, G-protein–coupled receptors, ion channel receptor, transmembrane
enzyme linked receptors, transmembrane JAK-STAT binding receptor and receptors that
regulate transcription factors, dose response relationship, therapeutic index, combined effects
of drugs and factors modifying drug action.
c) Pharmacokinetics- Membrane transport, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of
drugs. Enzyme induction, enzyme inhibition, kinetics of elimination
Adverse Drug Reactions and Drug Interactions
a. Agonists, antagonists (competitive and noncompetitive), spare receptors, addiction, tolerance,
dependence, tachyphylaxis, idiosyncrasy, allergy.
b. Adverse drug reactions.
c. Drug interactions (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic)
d. Drug discovery and clinical evaluation of new drugs -Drug discovery phase, preclinical
evaluation phase, clinical trial phase, phases of clinical trials and pharmacovigilance.

2. Pharmacology of peripheral nervous system
a. Organization and function of ANS.
b. Neurohumoral transmission, co-transmission and classification of neurotransmitters.
c. Parasympathomimetics, Parasympatholytics, Sympathomimetics, sympatholytics.
d. Neuromuscular blocking agents and skeletal muscle relaxants (peripheral).
e. Local anesthetic agents.
f. Drugs used in myasthenia gravis and glaucoma
3. Pharmacology of central nervous system - I
a. Neurohumoral transmission in the C.N.S. special emphasis on importance of various
Page 51 of 136
neurotransmitters like with GABA, Glutamate, Glycine, serotonin, dopamine.

b. General anesthetics and pre-anesthetics.
c. Sedatives, hypnotics and centrally acting muscle relaxants.
d. Anti-epileptics
e. Alcohols and disulfiram
UNIT – V 07 Hours
Pharmacology of central nervous system - II
a. Psychopharmacological agents: Antipsychotics, antidepressants, anti-anxiety agents, anti-
manics and hallucinogens.
b. Drugs used in Parkinsons disease and Alzheimer’s disease.
c. CNS stimulants and nootropics.
d. Opioid analgesics and antagonists
e. Drug addiction, drug abuse, tolerance and dependence.

1. Rang H. P., Dale M. M., Ritter J. M., Flower R. J., Rang and Dale’s Pharmacology, Churchill
Livingstone Elsevier
2. A Pharmacology Primer: Theory Applications and Methods, 3rd edition, Terry P. Kenakin,
Elsevier
3. Katzung B. G., Masters S. B., Trevor A. J., Basic and clinical pharmacology, Tata Mc Graw-Hill
4. Goodman and Gilman’s, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
5. Basic Knowledge of Pharmacology BY Roland Seifert, Springer
6. Marry Anne K. K., Lloyd Yee Y., Brian K. A., Robbin L.C., Joseph G. B., Wayne A. K., Bradley
R.W., Applied Therapeutics, The Clinical use of Drugs, The Point Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
7. Mycek M.J, Gelnet S.B and Perper M.M. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews-Pharmacology
6. K.D. Tripathi. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, JAYPEE Brothers Medical Publishers (P)
Ltd, New Delhi.
7. Sharma H. L., Sharma K. K., Principles of Pharmacology, Paras medical publisher
8. Modern Pharmacology with clinical Applications, by Charles R. Craig& Robert,
9. Ghosh MN. Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology. Hilton & Company, Kolkata.
10. Kulkarni SK. Handbook of experimental pharmacology. Vallabh Prakashan
11. Ravishankar. K & Kiranmayi G.V.N, Pharmacology: A Comprehensive Approach, Pharma Med
Press
Page 52 of 136
PC404: PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY - I

3 1 0 4
Course Objective: The subject involves the fundamentals of Pharmacognosy like scope, classification
ofcrude drugs, their identification and evaluation, phytochemicals present in them and their medicinal
properties.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able
 to know the techniques in the cultivation and production of crude drugs
 to know the crude drugs, their uses and chemical nature
 know the evaluation techniques for the herbal drugs
 to carry out the microscopic and morphological evaluation of crude drugs
UNIT - I 10 Hours
Introduction to Pharmacognosy: Definition, history, scope and development of Pharmacognosy
(a) Sources of Drugs – Plants, Animals, Marine & Tissue culture
(b) Organized drugs, unorganized drugs (dried latex, dried juices, dried extracts, gums and mucilages,
oleoresins and oleo- gum -resins).
Classification of drugs: Alphabetical, morphological, taxonomical, chemical, pharmacological, chemo
classification of drugs
Cultivation, Collection, Processing and storage of drugs of natural origin:
Cultivation and Collection of drugs of natural origin. Factors influencing cultivation of medicinal plants.
Plant hormones and their applications. Polyploidy, mutation and hybridization with reference to
medicinal plants.
Quality control of Drugs of Natural Origin: Adulteration of drugs of natural origin. Evaluation by
organoleptic, microscopic, physical, chemical and biological methods and properties.
Quantitative microscopy of crude drugs including lycopodium spore method, leaf constants, camera
lucida and diagrams of microscopic objects to scale with camera lucida.

Study of biological source, chemical nature and uses of drugs of natural origin containing following
drugs
Plant Products: Fibers - Cotton, Jute, Hemp
Hallucinogens, Teratogens, Natural allergens
Primary metabolites:
General introduction, detailed study with respect to chemistry, sources, preparation, evaluation,
preservation, storage, therapeutic used and commercial utility as Pharmaceutical Aids and/or Medicines
for the following Primary metabolites: Carbohydrates: Acacia, Agar, Tragacanth, Honey
Proteins and Enzymes: Gelatin, casein, proteolytic enzymes (Papain, bromelain, serratiopeptidase,
urokinase, streptokinase, pepsin).
Lipids (Waxes, fats, fixed oils): Castor oil,
Chaulmoogra oil, Wool Fat, Bees Wax
Marine Drugs:
Novel medicinal agents from marine sources
UNIT - IV 10 Hours
Pharmacognosy in various systems of medicine:
Role of Pharmacognosy in allopathy and traditional systems of medicine namely, Ayurveda, Unani,
Siddha, Homeopathy and naturopathy.
Page 53 of 136
Introduction to secondary metabolites:

Definition, classification, properties and test for identification of Alkaloids, Glycosides, Flavonoids,
Tannins, Volatile oil and Resins
UNIT - V
Plant tissue culture: Historical development of plant tissue culture, types of cultures, Nutritional
requirements, growth and their maintenance. Applications of plant tissue culture in pharmacognosy.
Edible vaccines

1. W.C. Evans, Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy, 16th edition, W.B. Sounders & Co., London,
2009.
2. Tyler, V.E., Brady, L.R. and Robbers, J.E., Pharmacognosy, 9th Edn., Lea and Febiger,
Philadelphia, 1988.
3. Text Book of Pharmacognosy by T.E. Wallis
4. Mohammad Ali. Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, CBS Publishers & Distribution, New Delhi.
5. Text book of Pharmacognosy by C.K. Kokate, Purohit, Gokhlae (2007), 37th Edition, Nirali
Prakashan, New Delhi.
6. Herbal drug industry by R.D. Choudhary (1996), Ist Edn, Eastern Publisher, New Delhi.
7. Essentials of Pharmacognosy, Dr.SH.Ansari, IInd edition, Birla publications, New Delhi, 2007
8. Anatomy of Crude Drugs by M.A. Iyengar
9. SL Deore, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry – I, Pharma Med Press
Page 54 of 136
PS405: PHARMACEUTICAL JURISPRUDENCE
B.Pharm. II Year II Sem. L T P C

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: This course is designed to impart basic knowledge on several important
legislations related to the profession of pharmacy in India.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to understand:
• The Pharmaceutical legislations and their implications in the development and marketing
• Various Indian pharmaceutical Acts and Laws
• The regulatory authorities and agencies governing the manufacture and sale of
pharmaceuticals
• The code of ethics during the pharmaceutical practice
UNIT – I 10 Hours
Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and its rules 1945:
Objectives, Definitions, Legal definitions of schedules to the act and rules
Import of drugs – Classes of drugs and cosmetics prohibited from import, Import under license or permit.
Offences and penalties.
Manufacture of drugs – Prohibition of manufacture and sale of certain drugs,
Conditions for grant of license and conditions of license for manufacture of drugs, Manufacture of drugs
for test, examination and analysis, manufacture of new drug, loan license and repacking license.
Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and its rules 1945.
Detailed study of Schedule G, H, M, N, P,T,U, V, X, Y, Part XII B, Sch F & DMR (OA)
Sale of Drugs - Wholesale, Retail sale and Restricted license. Offences and penalties
Labeling & Packing of drugs - General labeling requirements and specimen labels for drugs and
cosmetics, List of permitted colors. Offences and penalties.
Administration of the act and rules - Drugs Technical Advisory Board, Central drugs Laboratory, Drugs
Consultative Committee, Government drug analysts, Licensing authorities, controlling authorities,
Drugs Inspectors

Pharmacy Act - 1948: Objectives, Definitions, Pharmacy Council of India; its constitution and functions,
Education Regulations, State and Joint state pharmacy councils; its constitution and functions,
Registration of Pharmacists, Offences and
Penalties
Medicinal and Toilet Preparation Act -1955: Objectives, Definitions, Licensing, Manufacture In bond
and Outside bond, Export of alcoholic preparations, Manufacture of Ayurvedic, Homeopathic, Patent &
Proprietary Preparations. Offences and Penalties.
Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic substances Act-1985 and Rules: Objectives, Definitions,
Authorities and Officers, Constitution and Functions of narcotic & Psychotropic Consultative Committee,
National Fund for Controlling the Drug Abuse, Prohibition, Control and Regulation, opium poppy
cultivation and production of poppy straw, manufacture, sale and export of opium, Offences and
Penalties
Study of Salient Features of Drugs and magic remedies Act and its rules: Objectives, Definitions,
Prohibition of certain advertisements, Classes of Exempted advertisements, Offences and Penalties
Page 55 of 136
Prevention of Cruelty to animals Act-1960: Objectives, Definitions, Institutional Animal Ethics

Committee, Breeding and Stocking of Animals, Performance of Experiments, Transfer and acquisition
of animals for experiment, Records, Power to suspend or revoke registration, Offences and Penalties
National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority: Drugs Price Control Order (DPCO)-2013. Objectives,
Definitions, Sale prices of bulk drugs, Retail price of formulations, Retail price and ceiling price of
scheduled formulations, National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM)
UNIT – V 07 Hours
Pharmaceutical Legislations – A brief review, Introduction, Study of drugs enquiry committee, Health
survey and development committee, Hathi committee and Mudaliar committee
Code of Pharmaceutical ethics - Definition, Pharmacist in relation to his job, trade, medical profession
and his profession, Pharmacist’s oath
Medical Termination of pregnancy act
Right to information Act
Introduction to Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
RECOMMENDED BOOKS: (Latest Edition)

1. Forensic Pharmacy by B. Suresh
2. Text book of Forensic Pharmacy by B.M. Mithal
3. Hand book of drug law-by M. L. Mehra
4. A text book of Forensic Pharmacy by N.K. Jain
5. Drugs and Cosmetics Act/Rules by Govt. of India publications.
6. Medicinal and Toilet preparations act 1955 by Govt. of India publications.
7. Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances act by Govt. of India publications
8. Drugs and Magic Remedies act by Govt. of India publication
9. Bare Acts of the said laws published by Government. Reference books (Theory)
10. Kokate C. K. Textbook of Forensic Pharmacy, 2nd Ed. Pharma Med Press
Page 56 of 136
PC406: PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS – II LAB

0 0 4 2
1. Determination of surface tension of given liquids by drop count and drop weight method
2. Determination of HLB number of a surfactant by saponification method
3. Determination of Freundlich and Langmuir constants using activated char coal
4. Determination of critical micellar concentration of surfactants
5. Determination of viscosity of liquid using Ostwald’s viscometer
6. Determination sedimentation volume with effect of different suspending agent
7. Determination sedimentation volume with effect of different concentration of single suspending
agent
8. Determination of viscosity of semisolid by using Brookfield viscometer
9. Determination of reaction rate constant first order.
10. Determination of reaction rate constant second order
11. Accelerated stability studies
12. Preparation and evaluation of Colloids

1. Physical Pharmacy by Alfred Martin, Sixth edition
4. Physical Pharmacy Practical text, 3rd Revised Ed.by Mohanta Guru Prasad
5. Physical Pharmaceutics by Ramasamy C, and Manavalan R.
Page 57 of 136
PS407: PHARMACOLOGY – I LAB

0 0 4 2
1. Introduction to experimental pharmacology.
2. Commonly used instruments in experimental pharmacology.
3. Study of common laboratory animals.
4. Maintenance of laboratory animals as per CPCSEA guidelines.
5. Common laboratory techniques. Blood withdrawal, serum and plasma separation, anesthetics
and euthanasia used for animal studies.
6. Study of different routes of drugs administration in mice/rats.
7. Study of effect of hepatic microsomal enzyme inducers on the phenobarbitone sleeping time in
mice.
8. Effect of drugs on ciliary motility of frog oesophagus
9. Effect of drugs on rabbit eye.
10. Effects of skeletal muscle relaxants using rota-rod apparatus.
11. Effect of drugs on locomotor activity using actophotometer.
12. Anticonvulsant effect of drugs by MES and PTZ method.
13. Study of stereotype and anti-catatonic activity of drugs on rats/mice.
14. Study of anxiolytic activity of drugs using rats/mice.
15. Study of local anesthetics by different methods
Note: All laboratory techniques and animal experiments are demonstrated by simulated experiments
by softwares and videos

1) Essentials of Experimental Pharmacology, General Concepts by Bothra Sunil
Page 58 of 136
PC408: PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY – I LAB

0 0 4 2
1. Analysis of crude drugs by chemical tests: (i)Tragaccanth (ii) Acacia (iii)Agar (iv) Gelatin (v)
starch (vi) Honey (vii) Castor oil
2. Determination of stomatal number and index
3. Determination of vein islet number, vein islet termination and paliside ratio.
4. Determination of size of starch grains, calcium oxalate crystals by eye piece micrometer
5. Determination of length and width of Phloem fibres of Cinchona & Cinnamon.
6. Determination of number of starch grains by Lycopodium spore method
7. Determination of Ash value
8. Determination of Extractive values of crude drugs
9. Determination of moisture content of crude drugs
10. Determination of swelling index and foaming
11. Determination of acid value, ester value, Saponification value and iodine lab of fixed oils
mentioned in theory.

1. Practical Pharmacognosy: C.K. Kokate, Purohit, Gokhlae
2. Practical Pharmacognosy, T. E. Wallis, Pharmamed Press
3. Anatomy of Crude Drugs by M.A. Iyengar
Page 59 of 136
MC400: GENDER SENSITIZATION LAB

1 0 0 0
COURSE DESCRIPTION
This course offers an introduction to Gender Studies, an interdisciplinary field that asks critical questions
about the meanings of sex and gender in society. The primary goal of this course is to familiarize
students with key issues, questions and debates in Gender Studies, both historical and contemporary.
It draws on multiple disciplines – such as literature, history, economics, psychology, sociology,
philosophy, political science, anthropology and media studies – to examine cultural assumptions about
sex, gender, and sexuality.
This course integrates analysis of current events through student presentations, aiming to increase
awareness of contemporary and historical experiences of women, and of the multiple ways that sex and
gender interact with race, class, caste, nationality and other social identities. This course also seeks to
build an understanding and initiate and strengthen programmes combating gender-based violence and
discrimination. The course also features several exercises and reflective activities designed to examine
the concepts of gender, gender-based violence, sexuality, and rights. It will further explore the impact
of gender-based violence on education, health and development.
Objectives of the Course

 To develop students’ sensibility with regard to issues of gender in contemporary India.
 To provide a critical perspective on the socialization of men and women.
 To introduce students to information about some key biological aspects of genders.
 To expose the students to debates on the politics and economics of work.
 To help students reflect critically on gender violence.
 To expose students to more egalitarian interactions between men and women.
Learning Outcomes
 Students will have developed a better understanding of important issues related to gender in
contemporary India.
 Students will be sensitized to basic dimensions of the biological, sociological, psychological and
legal aspects of gender. This will be achieved through discussion of materials derived from
research, facts, everyday life, literature and film.
 Students will attain a finer grasp of how gender discrimination works in our society and how to
counter it.
 Students will acquire insight into the gendered division of labor and its relation to politics and
economics.
 Men and women students and professionals will be better equipped to work and live together as
equals.
 Students will develop a sense of appreciation of women in all walks of life.
 Through providing accounts of studies and movements as well as the new laws that provide
protection and relief to women, the textbook will empower students to understand and respond to
gender violence.
Unit-I: UNDERSTANDING GENDER

Introduction: Definition of Gender-Basic Gender Concepts and Terminology-Exploring Attitudes
towards Gender-Construction of Gender-Socialization: Making Women, Making Men
- Preparing for Womanhood. Growing up Male. First lessons in Caste.
Unit – II: GENDER ROLES AND RELATIONS
Page 60 of 136
Two or Many? -Struggles with Discrimination-Gender Roles and Relations-Types of Gender Roles-
Gender Roles and Relationships Matrix-Missing Women-Sex Selection and Its Consequences-
Declining Sex Ratio. Demographic Consequences-Gender Spectrum: Beyond the Binary
Unit – III: GENDER AND LABOUR

Division and Valuation of Labour-Housework: The Invisible Labor- “My Mother doesn’t Work.” “Share
the Load.”-Work: Its Politics and Economics -Fact and Fiction. Unrecognized and Unaccounted work. -
Gender Development Issues-Gender, Governance and Sustainable Development-Gender and Human
Rights-Gender and Mainstreaming
Unit – IV: GENDER - BASED VIOLENCE

The Concept of Violence- Types of Gender-based Violence-Gender-based Violence from a Human
Rights Perspective-Sexual Harassment: Say No!-Sexual Harassment, not Eve-teasing- Coping with
Everyday Harassment- Further Reading: “Chupulu”.
Domestic Violence: Speaking OutIs Home a Safe Place? -When Women Unite [Film]. Rebuilding Lives.
Thinking about Sexual Violence Blaming the Victim-“I Fought for my Life….”
Unit – V: GENDER AND CULTURE

Gender and Film-Gender and Electronic Media-Gender and Advertisement-Gender and Popular
Literature- Gender Development Issues-Gender Issues-Gender Sensitive Language-Gender and
Popular Literature - Just Relationships: Being Together as Equals
Mary Kom and Onler. Love and Acid just do not Mix. Love Letters. Mothers and Fathers. Rosa Parks-
The Brave Heart.
Note: Since it is Interdisciplinary Course, Resource Persons can be drawn from the fields of
English Literature or Sociology or Political Science or any other qualified faculty who has
expertise in this field from engineering departments.
 Classes will consist of a combination of activities: dialogue-based lectures,
discussions, collaborative learning activities, group work and in-class assignments.
Apart from the above prescribed book, Teachers can make use of any authentic
materials related to the topics given in the syllabus on “Gender”.
 ESSENTIAL READING: The Textbook, “Towards a World of Equals: A Bilingual Textbook on

Gender” written by A. Suneetha, Uma Bhrugubanda, DuggiralaVasanta, Rama Melkote,
Vasudha Nagaraj, Asma Rasheed, Gogu Shyamala, Deepa Sreenivas and Susie Tharu
published by Telugu Akademi, Telangana Government in 2015.
ASSESSMENT AND GRADING:

 Discussion & Classroom Participation: 20%
 Project/Assignment: 30%
 End Term Exam: 50%
Page 61 of 136
PS501: MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY – I
B. Pharm. III Year I Sem L T P C

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: This subject is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on the structure,
chemistry and therapeutic value of drugs. The subject emphasizes on structure activity relationships of
drugs, importance of physicochemical properties and metabolism of drugs. The syllabus also
emphasizes on chemical synthesis of important drugs under each class.
 understand the chemistry of drugs with respect to their pharmacological activity
 understand the drug metabolic pathways, adverse effect and therapeutic value of drugs
 know the Structural Activity Relationship (SAR) of different class of drugs
 write the chemical synthesis of some drugs
Study of the development of the following classes of drugs, Classification, mechanism of action,
uses of drugs mentioned in the course, Structure activity relationship of selective class of drugs
as specified in the course and synthesis of drugs superscripted (*)
UNIT – I 10 Hours
Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry
History and development of medicinal chemistry. Physicochemical properties in relation to biological
action (Ionization, Solubility, Partition Coefficient, Hydrogen bonding) Protein binding, Chelation,
Bioisosterism, significance of Isomerism in biological activity, Structural modifications in drug discovery.
Prodrugs: Basic concepts & application of prodrug design
Drugs acting on Autonomic Nervous System
Adrenergic Neurotransmitters: Biosynthesis and catabolism of catecholamine. Adrenergic receptors
(Alpha & Beta) and their distribution.
Sympathomimetic agents: SAR of Sympathomimetic agents
Direct acting: Nor-epinephrine, Epinephrine, Phenylephrine*, Dopamine, Methyldopa, Clonidine,
Dobutamine, Isoproterenol, Terbutaline, Salbutamol*, Bitolterol, Naphazoline, Oxymetazoline and
Xylometazoline.
Indirect acting agents: Hydroxyamphetamine, Pseudoephedrine, Propylhexedrine.
Agents with mixed mechanism: Ephedrine, Metaraminol.
Adrenergic Antagonists:
Alpha adrenergic blockers: Tolazoline*, Phentolamine, Phenoxybenzamine, Prazosin,
Dihydroergotamine, Methysergide.
Beta adrenergic blockers: SAR of beta blockers, Propranolol*, Metibranolol, Atenolol, Betazolol,
Bisoprolol, Esmolol, Metoprolol, Labetolol, Carvedilol.

Cholinergic neurotransmitters: Biosynthesis and catabolism of acetylcholine.
Cholinergic receptors (Muscarinic & Nicotinic) and their distribution.
Parasympathomimetic agents: SAR of Parasympathomimetic agents
Direct acting agents: Acetylcholine, Carbachol*, Bethanechol, Methacholine, Pilocarpine.
Indirect acting/ Cholinesterase inhibitors (Reversible & Irreversible): Physostigmine,
Neostigmine*, Pyridostigmine, Edrophonium chloride, Tacrine hydrochloride, Ambenonium chloride,
Isofluorphate, Echothiophate iodide, Parathione, Malathion.
Cholinesterase reactivator: Pralidoxime chloride.
Cholinergic Blocking agents: SAR of cholinolytic agents
Page 62 of 136
Solanaceous alkaloids and analogues: Atropine sulphate, Hyoscyaminesulphate, Scopolamine

hydrobromide, Homatropine hydrobromide, Ipratropium bromide*.
Synthetic cholinergic blocking agents: Tropicamide, Cyclopentolatehydrochloride, Clidinium
bromide, Dicyclomine hydrochloride*, Glycopyrrolate, Methantheline bromide, Propantheline bromide,
Benztropine mesylate, Orphenadrine citrate, Biperidine hydrochloride, Procyclidine hydrochloride*,
Tridihexethyl chloride, Isopropamide iodide, Ethopropazine hydrochloride.
Drugs acting on Central Nervous System
A. Sedatives and Hypnotics:
Benzodiazepines: SAR of Benzodiazepines, Chlordiazepoxide, Diazepam*, Oxazepam,
Chlorazepate, Lorazepam, Alprazolam, Zolpidem
Barbiturtes: SAR of barbiturates, Barbital*, Phenobarbital, Mephobarbital, Amobarbital, Butabarbital,
Pentobarbital, Secobarbital
Miscelleneous:
Amides & imides: Glutethmide.
Alcohol & their carbamate derivatives: Meprobomate, Ethchlorvynol.
Aldehyde & their derivatives: Triclofos sodium, Paraldehyde.
B. Antipsychotics
Phenothiazeines: SAR of Phenothiazeines Promazine hydrochloride, Chlorpromazine hydrochloride*,
Triflupromazine, Thioridazine hydrochloride, Piperacetazine hydrochloride, Prochlorperazine maleate,
Trifluoperazine hydrochloride.
Ring Analogues of Phenothiazeines: Chlorprothixene, Thiothixene, Loxapine succinate, Clozapine.
Fluro buterophenones: Haloperidol, Droperidol, Risperidone.
Beta amino ketones: Molindone hydrochloride.
Benzamides: Sulpieride.
C. Anticonvulsants: SAR of Anticonvulsants, mechanism of anticonvulsantaction
Barbiturates: Phenobarbitone, Methabarbital.
Hydantoins: Phenytoin, Mephenytoin, Ethotoin
Oxazolidine diones: Trimethadione, Paramethadione
Succinimides: Phensuximide, Methsuximide, Ethosuximide
Urea and monoacylureas: Phenacemide, Carbamazepine
Benzodiazepines: Clonazepam
Miscellaneous: Primidone, Valproic acid, Gabapentin, Felbamate
UNIT – V 07 Hours
Drugs acting on Central Nervous System
General anesthetics:
Inhalation anesthetics: Halothane*, Methoxyflurane, Enflurane, Sevoflurane, Isoflurane, Desflurane.
Ultra short acting barbitutrates: Methohexital sodium*, Thiamylalsodium, Thiopental sodium.
Dissociative anesthetics: Ketamine hydrochloride. *
Narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics
Morphine and related drugs: SAR of Morphine analogues, Morphinesulphate, Codeine, Meperidine
hydrochloride, Anilerdine hydrochloride, Diphenoxylate hydrochloride, Loperamide hydrochloride,
Fentanyl citrate*, Methadone hydrochloride*, Propoxyphene hydrochloride, Pentazocine, Levorphanol
tartarate.
Narcotic antagonists: Nalorphine hydrochloride, Levallorphan tartarate, Naloxone hydrochloride.
Anti-inflammatory agents: Sodium salicylate, Aspirin, Mefenamic acid*, Meclofenamate,
Indomethacin, Sulindac, Tolmetin, Zomepriac, Diclofenac, Ketorolac, Ibuprofen*, Naproxen, Piroxicam,
Phenacetin, Acetaminophen, Antipyrine, Phenylbutazone.
Page 63 of 136

1. Wilson and Giswold’s Organic medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry.
2. Foye’s Principles of Medicinal Chemistry.
3. Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry, Vol I to IV.
4. Introduction to principles of drug design- Smith and Williams.
5. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences.
6. Martindale’s extra pharmacopoeia.
7. Organic Chemistry by I.L. Finar, Vol. II.
8. The Organic Chemistry of Drug Synthesis by Lednicer, Vol. 1-5.
10. Rama Rao Nadendla, Medicinal Chemistry, 2nd Revised Ed. Pharma Med Press
Page 64 of 136
PS502: INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY - I
B.Pharm. III Year I Sem. L T P C

3 1 0 4
Course Objective: Course enables the student to understand and appreciate the influence of
pharmaceutical additives and various pharmaceutical dosage forms on the performance of the drug
product.
 Know the various pharmaceutical dosage forms and their manufacturing techniques.
 Know various considerations in development of pharmaceutical dosage forms
 Formulate solid, liquid and semisolid dosage forms and evaluate them for their quality
UNIT - I 07 Hours
Preformulation Studies: Introduction to preformulation, goals and objectives, study of
physicochemical characteristics of drug substances.
a. Physical properties: Physical form (Crystalline and amorphous forms: Concepts of polymorphism
and its significance in industrial setup), particle size, shape, flow properties, solubility profile (pKa, pH,
partition coefficient).
b. Chemical Properties: Hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, racemisation, polymerization BCS
classification of drugs
Application of preformulation considerations in the development of solid, liquid oral and parenteral
dosage forms and its impact on stability of dosage forms.
UNIT - II 10 Hours
Tablets:
a. Introduction, ideal characteristics of tablets, classification of tablets. Excipients, Formulation of
tablets, granulation methods, compression and processing problems. Equipments and tablet
tooling.
b. Tablet coating: Types of coating, coating materials, formulation of coating composition,
methods of coating, equipment employed and defects in coating.
c. Quality control tests: In process and finished product tests
Liquid orals: Formulation and manufacturing consideration of solutions, suspensions and emulsions;
Filling and packaging; evaluation of liquid orals official in pharmacopoeia

Capsules:
a. Hard gelatin capsules: Introduction, Extraction of gelatin and production of hard gelatin
capsule shells. size of capsules, Filling, finishing and special techniques of formulation of hard
gelatin capsules. In process and final product quality control tests for capsules.
b. Soft gelatin capsules: Nature of shell and capsule content, size of capsules, importance of
base adsorption and minimum/gram factors, production, in process and final product quality
control tests. Packing, storage and stability testing of soft gelatin capsules
Pellets: Introduction, formulation requirements, pelletization process, equipments for manufacture of
pellets, Fluidised bed coater (FBC)/ extrusion spheronization technique.
Parenteral Products:
a. Definition, types, advantages and limitations. Preformulation factors and essential
requirements, vehicles, additives, importance of isotonicity
b. Production procedure, production facilities and controls.
c. Formulation of injections, sterile powders, emulsions, suspensions, large volume parenterals
Page 65 of 136
and lyophilized products, Sterilization.

d. Containers and closures selection, filling and sealing of ampoules, vials and infusion fluids.
Quality control tests.
Ophthalmic/Otic Preparations: Introduction, formulation considerations; formulation of eye drops, ear
drops, eye ointments and eye lotions; methods of preparation; labeling, containers; evaluation of
ophthalmic preparations
UNIT – V 10 Hours
Cosmetics: Formulation and preparation of the following cosmetic preparations: lipsticks, shampoos,
cold cream and vanishing cream, tooth pastes, hair dyes and sunscreens.
Pharmaceutical Aerosols: Definition, propellants, containers, valves, types of aerosolsystems;
formulation and manufacture of aerosols; Evaluation of aerosols; Quality control and stability studies.
Packaging Materials Science: Materials used for packaging of pharmaceutical products, factors
influencing choice of containers, legal and official requirements for containers, stability aspects of
packaging materials, quality control tests.

1. Pharmaceutical dosage forms - Tablets, volume 1 -3 by H. A. Liberman, Leon Lachman & J. B.
Schwartz
2. Pharmaceutical dosage form - Parenteral medication vol- 1&2 by Liberman & Lachman
3. Pharmaceutical dosage form disperse system VOL-1 by Liberman & Lachman
4. Modern Pharmaceutics by Gilbert S. Banker & C.T. Rhodes, 3rd Edition
5. Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 20th edition Pharmaceutical Science
(RPS)
6. Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy by Liberman & Lachman
7. Pharmaceutics- The science of dosage form design by M.E. Aulton, Churchill Livingstone,
Latest edition
8. Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms by H. C. Ansel, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 5th
edition, 2005
9. Drug stability - Principles and practice by Cartensen & C.J. Rhodes, 3rd Edition, Marcel Dekker
Series, Vol 107.
10. Pharmaceutical Technology 1 &11 BY Gaurav Agarwal CBS Publishers
11. Pharmaceutics Basic principles and Formulations by D.K. Tripati Pharma med press
12. Semalty Ajay, Industrial Pharmacy ‐ I, Pharma med press
Page 66 of 136
PS503: PHARMACOLOGY - II

3 1 0 4
Course Objective: This subject is intended to impart the fundamental knowledge on various aspects
(classification, mechanism of action, therapeutic effects, clinical uses, side effects and
contraindications) of drugs acting on different systems of body and in addition, emphasis on the basic
concepts of bioassay.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of this course the student should be able to
 Understand the mechanism of drug action and its relevance in the treatment of different
diseases
 Demonstrate isolation of different organs/tissues from the laboratory animals by simulated
experiments
 Demonstrate the various receptor actions using isolated tissue preparation
 Appreciate correlation of pharmacology with related medical sciences
UNIT – I 10 hours
Pharmacology of drugs acting on cardio vascular system - I
a. Introduction to hemodynamic and electrophysiology of heart.
b. Drugs used in congestive heart failure
c. Anti-hypertensive drugs.
d. Anti-anginal drugs.
e. Anti-arrhythmic drugs.
f. Anti-hyperlipidemic drugs.
1. Pharmacology of drugs acting on cardio vascular system - II
a. Drug used in the therapy of shock.
b. Hematinics, coagulants and anticoagulants.
c. Fibrinolytics and anti-platelet drugs
d. Plasma volume expanders
2. Pharmacology of drugs acting on urinary system
a. Diuretics
b. Anti-diuretics.
UNIT - III 10 hours

Autocoids and related drugs
a. Introduction to autacoids and classification
b. Histamine, 5-HT and their antagonists.
c. Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes.
d. Angiotensin, Bradykinin and Substance P.
e. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents
f. Anti-gout drugs
g. Antirheumatic drugs
UNIT - IV 08 hours
Pharmacology of drugs acting on endocrine system - I
a. Basic concepts in endocrine pharmacology.
b. Anterior Pituitary hormones- analogues and their inhibitors.
c. Thyroid hormones- analogues and their inhibitors.
Page 67 of 136
d. Hormones regulating plasma calcium level- Parathormone, Calcitonin and Vitamin-D.

e. Insulin, Oral Hypoglycemic agents and glucagon.
f. ACTH and corticosteroids.
UNIT - V 07 hours
1. Pharmacology of drugs acting on endocrine system - II
a. Androgens and Anabolic steroids.
b. Estrogens, progesterone and oral contraceptives.
c. Drugs acting on the uterus.
2. Bioassay
a. Principles and applications of bioassay.
b. Types of bioassay
c. Bioassay of insulin, oxytocin, vasopressin, ACTH, d-tubocurarine, digitalis, histamine
TEXT BOOKS (Latest Editions)

1. Rang H. P., Dale M. M., Ritter J. M., Flower R. J., Rang and Dale’s Pharmacology,
2. Churchil Livingstone Elsevier
3. Katzung B. G., Masters S. B., Trevor A. J., Basic and clinical pharmacology, Tata Mc Graw-
Hill.
R.W., Applied Therapeutics, The Clinical use of Drugs, The Point Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
7. Mycek M. J, Gelnet S. B and Perper M.M. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews-Pharmacology.
8. K. D. Tripathi. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, , JAYPEE Brothers Medical Publishers (P)
Ltd, New Delhi.
9. Sharma H. L., Sharma K. K., Principles of Pharmacology, Paras medical publisher
10. Modern Pharmacology with clinical Applications, by Charles R. Craig& Robert.
12. Kulkarni SK. Handbook of experimental pharmacology. Vallabh Prakashan.
Page 68 of 136
PS504: PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY - II

3 1 0 4
Course Objective: The main purpose of subject is to impart the students the knowledge of how the
secondary metabolites are produced in the crude drugs, how to isolate and identify and produce them
industrially. Also this subject involves the study of producing the plants and phytochemicals through
plant tissue culture, drug interactions and basic principles of traditional system of medicine
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able
 To know the modern extraction techniques, characterization and identification of the herbal
drugs and phytoconstituents
 To understand the preparation and development of herbal formulation.
 To understand the herbal drug interactions
 To carryout isolation and identification of phytoconstituents
UNIT - I 07 Hours
Metabolic pathways in higher plants and their determination
 Brief study of basic metabolic pathways and formation of different secondary metabolites
through these pathways- Shikimic acid pathway, Acetate pathways and Amino acid pathway.
 Study of utilization of radioactive isotopes in the investigation of Biogenetic studies.
UNIT - II 10 Hours
a. General introduction, general methods of extraction (Maceration, Percolatio, Chromatographic
methods) and isolation of alkaloids, glycosides, flavanoids and volatile oils.
b. Biological source, microscopical characters, composition, chemistry, analysis, therapeutic uses and
commercial applications of the following secondary metabolites:
Alkaloids: Vinca, Rauwolfia, Belladonna, Opium,
Phenylpropanoids and Flavonoids: Lignans, Tea, Ruta
Steroids, Cardiac Glycosides & Triterpenoids: Liquorice, Dioscorea, Digitalis
Volatile oils: Mentha, Clove, Cinnamon, Fennel, Coriander,
UNIT - III 10 Hours

General introduction, composition, chemistry & chemical classes, general methods of extraction &
analysis, biological sources, therapeutic uses and commercial applications of following secondary
metabolites
Tannins: Catechu, Pterocarpus
Resins: Benzoin, Guggul, Ginger, Asafoetida, Myrrh, Colophony
Glycosides: Senna, Aloes, Bitter Almond
Iridoids, Other terpenoids & Naphthaquinones: Gentian, Artemisia, taxus, carotenoids
UNIT - IV 10 Hours
Isolation, Identification, analysis of phytoconstituents and commercial applications of following
a. Terpenoids: Menthol, Citral and Artemisin
b. Glycosides: Glycyrhetinic acid and Rutin
c. Alkaloids: atropine, Quinine, Reserpine and Caffeine
d. Resins: Podophyllotoxin and Curcumin
UNIT - V 08 Hours
a. Industrial production, estimation and utilization of the following phytoconstituents: Forskolin,
Sennoside, Artemisinin, Diosgenin, Digoxin, Atropine, Podophyllotoxin, Caffeine, Taxol, Vincristine and
Vinblastine.
Page 69 of 136
b. Modern methods of extraction (Super critical fluid extraction, counter current extraction, Microwave
assisted extraction, ultra sonication assisted extraction

1. W. C. Evans, Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy, 16th edition, W.B. Sounders & Co., London,
2009.
2. Mohammad Ali. Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, CBS Publishers & Distribution, New
Delhi.
3. Text book of Pharmacognosy by C.K. Kokate, Purohit, Gokhlae (2007), 37th Edition, Nirali
Prakashan, New Delhi.
4. Herbal drug industry by R.D. Choudhary (1996), Ist Edn, Eastern Publisher, New Delhi.
5. Essentials of Pharmacognosy, Dr. SH. Ansari, IInd edition, Birla publications, New Delhi, 2007
6. Herbal Cosmetics by H. Pande, Asia Pacific Business press, Inc, New Delhi.
7. A. N. Kalia, Textbook of Industrial Pharmacognosy, CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 2005.
8. R Endress, Plant cell Biotechnology, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1994.
9. Pharmacognosy & Pharmacobiotechnology. James Bobbers, Marilyn KS, VE Tylor.
10. The formulation and preparation of cosmetic, fragrances and flavours.
11. Remington’s Pharmaceutical sciences.
12. Text Boo of Biotechnology by Vyas and Dixit.
13. Text Book of Biotechnology by R. C. Dubey.
14. SL Deore, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry – II, Pharma Med Press
15. Kulkarni A. Vishaka, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry – II, Pharma Med Press
Page 70 of 136
PS505: GENERIC PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT (Open Elective - I)

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: To learn the generic drug product development process, dosage form design and
development, analytical method development and dossier approval process.
Course Outcome: The knowledge of the students is enhanced with the clear information about the
generic product development.
UNIT - I
a. Concept of generic drug product development, Hatch-Waxman act and its amendments.
b. History of generic product development in US
UNIT - II
Design of dosage form to meet equivalence to reference listed drug, product development steps,
formula optimization, process optimization and packaging selection.
UNIT - III
Analytical method development for verification and validation for active ingredient and impurities, in-
process samples and finished dosage forms.
UNIT - IV
a. Stability studies on active ingredient and finished dosage forms, accelerated stability studies,
stability studies at different conditions, determination of expiration date.
b. Scale up studies to optimize manufacturing process and execution of exhibit batches.
UNIT - V
a. Bioequivalence studies, various designs of bioequivalence studies, bioequivalence criteria and
in-vitro tests to ensure bioequivalence of test product.
b. Introduction to electronic Common Technical Document (eCTD), various modules and the
important information in each module.
c. Drug product approval process in India and US.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Generic Drug product Development: Solid oral dosage forms-Leon Shargel.
2. ICH guidelines.
3. Subba Rao Chaganti, Cracking the Generics code – Your Single-Source Success Manual for
Winning in Multi-Source Product Markets, Pharma Med Press
Page 71 of 136
PS506: GREEN CHEMISTRY (Open Elective - I)

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: To familiarize students about environment benign chemical synthesis. To make
students familiarize with principles and importance of various green chemical synthesis. To provide
adequate knowledge regarding green reactions, green solvents and other alternative green
approaches. To impart adequate information regarding environment pollution, contributing factors and
the concerns.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of this course, the students should be able to: Explain the
environment pollution factors. Understand the different greener approaches along with their principles.
UNIT – I
Introduction to green chemistry
Inception of green chemistry: history and development.
Principles of green chemistry: description with examples.
Synthetic approaches of green chemistry: in water, solvent less, microwave, ultrasonic, catalytic and
synthesis.
UNIT – II
In water and solvent less organic reactions
In water reactions: principle and process involved in the Michael reaction and Wartz synthesis
Solvent less organic synthesis:
Alternative solvents used in green chemistry strategies
UNIT – III
Microwave and ultrasonic mediated reactions
Microwave reactions: principles and process involved in the Fries rearrangement, Diels Alder reaction
and Metal halide reduction
Ultrasonic reaction: principle and process involved in the Strecker and Reformatsky reactions
UNIT – IV
Catalytic and solid supported reactions
Catalytic reactions: principle and process involved in the reactions catalyzed by metal catalysts, ionic
liquids (Knovenegel ondensatin) and bio catalysts (Villeger reaction)
Solid supported reactions: principles and process
Alternative reagents used in green chemistry strategies.
UNIT – V
Greener synthesis of pharmaceuticals: Principle and procedure of the following synthesis
Nicotinic acid, Ibuprofen, paracetamol, Aspirin
Future trends in Green chemistry
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Paul T Anastas, John Charles Warmer. Green chemistry: theory and practice. Oxford university
Press, 1988
2. Alluwalia V. K, Green chemistry: environmentally benign reactions. 2nd edn, Ane Books Pvt Ltd,
New Delhi, 2012
3. Alluwalia V.K, M. Kidwai, New trends in green chemistry. 2nd edn, Anamaya Publishers, New
Delhi, 2004.
Page 72 of 136
PS507: CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (Open Elective - I)

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: Cell biology is a branch of biology that studies cells – their physiological properties,
their structure, the organelles they contain, interactions with their environment, their life cycle, division,
death and cell function. This is done both on a microscopic and molecular level.
Cell biology research encompasses both the great diversity of single-celled organisms like bacteria and
protozoa, as well as the many specialized cells in multi-cellular organisms such as humans, plants, and
sponges.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to:
 Summarize cell and molecular biology history.
 Summarize cellular functioning and composition.
 Describe the chemical foundations of cell biology.
 Summarize the DNA properties of cell biology.
 Describe protein structure and function.
 Describe cellular membrane structure and function.
 Describe basic molecular genetic mechanisms.
 Summarize the Cell Cycle
UNIT – I 10 Hours
a. Cell and Molecular Biology: Definitions theory and basics and Applications.
b. Cell and Molecular Biology: History and Summation.
c. Theory of the Cell? Properties of cells and cell membrane.
d. Prokaryotic versus Eukaryotic
e. Cellular Reproduction
a. DNA and the Flow of Molecular Structure
b. DNA Functioning
c. DNA and RNA
d. Types of RNA
e. Transcription and Translation

a. Proteins: Definition and Amino Acids
b. Protein Structure
c. Regularities in Protein Pathways
d. Cellular Processes
e. Positive Control and significance of Protein Synthesis
a. Science of Genetics
b. Transgenics and Genomic Analysis
c. Cell Cycle analysis
d. Mitosis and Meiosis
e. Cellular Activities and Checkpoints
UNIT – V 07 Hours
a. Cell Signals: Introduction
Page 73 of 136
b. Receptors for Cell Signals

c. Signaling Pathways: Overview
d. Misregulation of Signaling Pathways
e. Protein-Kinases: Functioning
RECOMMENDED BOOKS (latest edition):

1. Ananthanarayana and Panikers, Text book of microbiology, 10th edition by universities press.
2. W.B. Hugo and A.D. Russel: Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Blackwell Scientific publications,
Oxford London.
3. Prescott and Dunn., Industrial Microbiology, 4th edition, CBS Publishers & Distributors, Delhi.
4. Pelczar, Chan Kreig, Microbiology, Tata McGraw Hill edn.
5. Malcolm Harris, Balliere Tindall and Cox: Pharmaceutical Microbiology.
6. Rose: Industrial Microbiology.
7. Probisher, Hinsdill et al: Fundamentals of Microbiology, 9th ed. Japan
8. Cooper and Gunn’s: Tutorial Pharmacy, CBS Publisher and Distribution.
9. Peppler: Microbial Technology.
10. Edward: Fundamentals of Microbiology.
11. N.K.Jain: Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi
12. Bergeys manual of systematic bacteriology, Williams and Wilkins- A Waverly company
13. B.R. Glick and J.J. Pasternak: Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and Applications of
Recombinant DNA: ASM Press Washington D.C.
14. RA Goldshy et. al., Kuby Immunology.
Page 74 of 136
PS508: COSMETIC SCIENCE (Open Elective - I)

3 1 0 4
Course Objective: This subject deals with cosmetic products, cosmetic excipients, skin care products
and their methods of preparation and evaluations.
Course Outcomes:
 Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to know the regulations pertaining to
cosmetics and cosmetic excipients.
 They will be knowing the preparations of various skin care products like creams, anti-
perspirants, deodorants, hair care products etc.
 They also know about the role of herbs in sunscreens.
UNIT – I 10 Hours
Classification of cosmetic and cosmeceutical products
Cosmetic excipients: Surfactants, rheology modifiers, humectants, emollients, preservatives.
Classification and application Skin: Basic structure and function of skin.
Hair: Basic structure of hair. Hair growth cycle.
Oral Cavity: Common problem associated with teeth and gums.
Principles of formulation and building blocks of skin care products:
Face wash,
Moisturizing cream, Cold Cream, Vanishing cream their relative skin sensory, advantages and
disadvantages. Application of these products in formulation of cosmeceuticals.
Principles of formulation and building blocks of Hair care products:
Conditioning shampoo, Hair conditioners, antidandruff shampoo.
Hair oils.
Chemistry and formulation of Para-phylene diamine based hair dye. Principles of formulation and
building blocks of oral care products: Toothpaste for bleeding gums, sensitive teeth. Teeth whitening,
Mouthwash.

Sun protection, Classification of Sunscreens and SPF.
Role of herbs in cosmetics:
Skin Care: Aloe and turmeric
Hair care: Henna and amla.
Oral care: Neem and clove
Analytical cosmetics: BIS specification and analytical methods for shampoo, skin-cream and
toothpaste.
Definition of cosmetics as per Indian and EU regulations, Evolution of cosmeceuticals from cosmetics,
cosmetics as quasi and OTC drugs.
Principles of Cosmetic Evaluation: Principles of sebumeter, corneometer. Measurement of TEWL, Skin
Color, Hair tensile strength, Hair combing properties Soaps, and syndet bars. Evolution and skin
benefits.
UNIT – V 07 Hours
Oily and dry skin, causes leading to dry skin, skin moisturization. Basic understanding of the terms
Comedogenic, dermatitis.
Page 75 of 136
Cosmetic problems associated with Hair and scalp: Dandruff, Hair fall causes Cosmetic problems
associated with skin: blemishes, wrinkles, acne, prickly heat and body odor.
Antiperspirants and Deodorants- Introduction, classification and mechanism of action
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Harry’s Cosmeticology, Wilkinson, Moore, Seventh Edition, George Godwin.
2. Cosmetics – Formulations, Manufacturing and Quality Control, P.P. Sharma, 4 th Edition,
Vandana Publications Pvt. Ltd., Delhi.
3. Textbook of Cosmetics by Rajesh Kumar Nema, Kamal Singh Rathore and BK Dubey
4. Textbook of Cosmetics by M. Vimaladevi
5. Rao Madhusudan, Cosmeceuticals, Pharma Med Press
6. Vinita kale, Textbook of Cosmetic science and technology, Pharma Med Press
Page 76 of 136
PC509: MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY – I LAB

0 0 4 2
I. Preparation of drugs/ intermediates
1 1,3-pyrazole
2 1,3-oxazole
3 Benzimidazole
4 Benztriazole
5 2,3- diphenyl quinoxaline
6 Phenothiazine
7 Barbiturate
II Assay of drugs
1 Chlorpromazine
2 Phenobarbitone
3 Atropine
4 Ibuprofen
5 Aspirin
6 Furosemide
III Determination of Partition coefficient for any two drugs

7. rganic Chemistry by I.L. Finar, Vol. II.
10. Text book of practical organic chemistry- A.I. Vogel
11. Raghuprasad, et al., Advanced Medicinal Chemistry – A Laboratory Guide, Pharma Med Press
Page 77 of 136
PS510: INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY LAB

0 0 4 2
1. Preformulation study for prepared granules
2. Preparation and evaluation of Paracetamol tablets
3. Preparation and evaluation of Aspirin tablets
4. Coating of tablets
5. Preparation and evaluation of Tetracycline capsules
6. Preparation of Calcium Gluconate injection
7. Preparation of Ascorbic Acid injection
8. Preparation of Paracetamol Syrup
9. Preparation of Eye drops
10. Preparation of Pellets by extrusion spheronization technique
11. Preparation of Creams (cold / vanishing cream)
12. Evaluation of Glass containers (As per IP)
Page 78 of 136
PS511: PHARMACOLOGY - II LAB

0 0 4 2
1. Introduction to in-vitro pharmacology and physiological salt solutions.
2. Effect of drugs on isolated frog heart.
3. Effect of drugs on blood pressure and heart rate of dog.
4. Study of diuretic activity of drugs using rats/mice.
5. DRC of acetylcholine using frog rectus abdominis muscle.
6. Effect of physostigmine and atropine on DRC of acetylcholine using frog rectus abdominis
muscle and rat ileum respectively.
7. Bioassay of histamine using guinea pig ileum by matching method.
8. Bioassay of oxytocin using rat uterine horn by interpolation method.
9. Bioassay of serotonin using rat fundus strip by three point bioassay.
10. Bioassay of acetylcholine using rat ileum/colon by four point bioassay.
11. Determination of PA2 value of prazosin using rat anococcygeus muscle (by Schilds plot
method).
12. Determination of PD2 value using guinea pig ileum.
13. Effect of spasmogens and spasmolytics using rabbit jejunum.
14. Anti-inflammatory activity of drugs using carrageenan induced paw-edema model.
15. Analgesic activity of drug using central and peripheral methods
Note: All laboratory techniques and animal experiments are demonstrated by simulated experiments by
softwares and videos

1. A Practical book of Pharmacology by Dr. Ramesh Alluri
3. Kulkarni SK. Handbook of experimental pharmacology. Vallabh Prakashan.
Page 79 of 136
PS512: PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY II LAB

0 0 4 2
(1) Morphology, histology and powder characteristics & extraction & detection of: Cinchona,
Cinnamon, Senna, Clove, Ephedra, Fennel and Coriander
(2) Exercise involving isolation & detection of active principles
a. Caffeine - from tea dust.
b. Diosgenin from Dioscorea
c. Atropine from Belladonna
d. Sennosides from Senna
(3) Separation of sugars by Paper chromatography
(4) TLC of herbal extract
(5) Distillation of volatile oils and detection of phytoconstituents by TLC
(6) Analysis of crude drugs by chemical tests: (i) Asafoetida (ii) Benzoin (iii) Colophony (iv) Aloes
(v) Myrrh
Page 80 of 136
*MC500: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

1 0 0 0
Course Objectives: Environmental Sciences is the scientific study of the environmental system and
the status of its inherent or induced changes on organisms. It includes not only the study of physical
and biological characters of the environment but also the social and cultural factors and the impact of
man on environment.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to:
 Create the awareness about environmental problems among learners.
 Impart basic knowledge about the environment and its allied problems.
 Develop an attitude of concern for the environment.
 Motivate learner to participate in environment protection and environment improvement.
 Acquire skills to help the concerned individuals in identifying and solving environmental
problems.
 Strive to attain harmony with Nature.
UNIT – I
The Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies
Natural Resources
Renewable and non-renewable resources:
Natural resources and associated problems
a) Forest resources; b) Water resources; c) Mineral resources; d) Food resources; e) Energy
resources; f) Land resources: Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources.
UNIT – II
Ecosystems
Concept of an ecosystem.
Structure and function of an ecosystem.
Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the ecosystems: Forest ecosystem;
Grassland ecosystem; Desert ecosystem; Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans,
estuaries)
UNIT – III
Biodiversity and Biotic Resources: Introduction, Definition, genetic, species and ecosystem diversity.
Value of biodiversity; consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and optional values.
India as a mega diversity nation, Hot spots of biodiversity. Field visit. Threats to biodiversity: habitat
loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts; conservation of biodiversity: In-Situ and Ex-situ
conservation. National Biodiversity act.
UNIT – IV
Environmental Pollution: Air pollution; Water pollution; Soil pollution, Noise Pollution
UNIT – V
Environmental Policy, Legislation & EIA: Environmental Protection act, Legal aspects Air Act- 1981,
Water Act, Forest Act, Wild life Act.
Towards Sustainable Future: Concept of Sustainable Development, Population and its explosion,
Crazy Consumerism, Environmental Education, Urban Sprawl, Human health, Environmental Ethics,
Concept of Green Building, Ecological Foot Print, Life Cycle assessment (LCA), Low carbon life style.
Page 81 of 136
RECOMMENDED BOOKS (Latest edition):

1. Y.K. Sing, Environmental Science, New Age International Pvt, Publishers, Bangalore
2. Agarwal, K.C. 2001 Environmental Biology, Nidi Publ. Ltd. Bikaner.
3. Bharucha Erach, The Biodiversity of India, Mapin Publishing Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad – 380 013,
India,
4. Text book of environmental science and technology, Dr. M. Anji Reddy.
5. Brunner R.C., 1989, Hazardous Waste Incineration, McGraw Hill Inc. 480p
6. Clark R.S., Marine Pollution, Clanderson Press Oxford
7. Cunningham, W.P. Cooper, T. H. Gorhani, E & Hepworth, M.T. 2001, Environmental
Encyclopedia, Jaico Publ. House, Mumbai, 1196p
8. De A.K., Environmental Chemistry, Wiley Eastern Ltd.
9. Down of Earth, Centre for Science and Environment
10. Manoharachary C. Principles of Environmental Studies, Pharma Med Press
Page 82 of 136
PS601: MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY – II
B. Pharm. III Year II Sem L T P C

3 1 0 4
chemistry and therapeutic value of drugs. The subject emphasis on modern techniques of rational drug
design like quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR), Prodrug concept, combinatorial chemistry
and Computer aided drug design (CADD). The subject also emphasizes on the chemistry, mechanism
of action, metabolism, adverse effects, Structure Activity Relationships (SAR), therapeutic uses and
synthesis of important drugs.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of the course student shall be able to

 Understand the importance of drug design and different techniques of drug design.
 Understand the chemistry of drugs with respect to their biological activity.
 Know the metabolism, adverse effects and therapeutic value of drugs.
 Know the importance of SAR of drugs.
as specified in the course and synthesis of drugs superscripted by (*)
UNIT- I 10 Hours
Antihistaminic agents: Histamine, receptors and their distribution in the human body
H1–antagonists: Diphenhydramine hydrochloride*, Dimenhydrinate, Doxylamines succinate,
Clemastine fumarate, Diphenylphyraline hydrochloride, Tripelenamine hydrochloride, Chlorcyclizine
hydrochloride, Meclizine hydrochloride, Buclizine hydrochloride, Chlorpheniramine maleate,
Triprolidine hydrochloride*, Phenidamine tartarate, Promethazine hydrochloride*, Trimeprazine tartrate,
Cyproheptadine hydrochloride, Azatidine maleate, Astemizole, Loratadine, Cetirizine, Levocetrazine
Cromolyn sodium
H2-antagonists: Cimetidine*, Famotidine, Ranitidin.
Gastric Proton pump inhibitors: Omeprazole, Lansoprazole, Rabeprazole, Pantoprazole
Anti-neoplastic agents:
Alkylatingagents: Meclorethamine*, Cyclophosphamide, Melphalan, Chlorambucil, Busulfan,
Thiotepa
Antimetabolites: Mercaptopurine*, Thioguanine, Fluorouracil, Floxuridine, Cytarabine, Methotrexate*,
Azathioprine
Antibiotics: Dactinomycin, Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Bleomycin
Plant products: Etoposide, Vinblastin sulphate, Vincristin sulphate
Miscellaneous: Cisplatin, Mitotane.
Anti-anginal:
Vasodilators: Amyl nitrite, Nitroglycerin*, Pentaerythritol tetranitrate, Isosorbidedinitrite*, Dipyridamole.
Calcium channel blockers: Verapamil, Bepridil hydrochloride, Diltiazemhydrochloride, Nifedipine,
Amlodipine, Felodipine, Nicardipine, Nimodipine.
Diuretics:
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Acetazolamide*, Methazolamide, Dichlorphenamide.
Thiazides: Chlorthiazide*, Hydrochlorothiazide, Hydroflumethiazide, Cyclothiazide,
Loop diuretics: Furosemide*, Bumetanide, Ethacrynic acid.
Potassium sparing Diuretics: Spironolactone, Triamterene, Amiloride.
Osmotic Diuretics: Mannitol
Page 83 of 136
Anti-hypertensive Agents: Timolol, Captopril, Lisinopril, Enalapril, Benazepril hydrochloride, Quinapril

hydrochloride, Methyldopate hydrochloride,* Clonidine hydrochloride, Guanethidine monosulphate,
Guanabenz acetate, Sodium nitroprusside, Diazoxide, Minoxidil, Reserpine, Hydralazine hydrochloride.
UNIT - III 10 Hours

Anti-arrhythmic Drugs: Quinidine sulphate, Procainamide hydrochloride, Disopyramide phosphate*,
Phenytoin sodium, Lidocaine hydrochloride, Tocainide hydrochloride, Mexiletine hydrochloride,
Lorcainide hydrochloride, Amiodarone, Sotalol.
Anti-hyperlipidemic agents: Clofibrate, Lovastatin, Cholesteramine and Cholestipol
Coagulant & Anticoagulants: Menadione, Acetomenadione, Warfarin*, Anisindione, clopidogrel
Drugs used in Congestive Heart Failure: Digoxin, Digitoxin, Nesiritide Bosentan, Tezosentan.
UNIT - IV 08 Hours
Antidiabetic agents:
Insulin and its preparations
Sulfonyl ureas: Tolbutamide*, Chlorpropamide, Glipizide, Glimepiride.
Biguanides: Metformin.
Thiazolidinediones: Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone.
Meglitinides: Repaglinide, Nateglinide.
Glucosidase inhibitors: Acarbose, Voglibose.
Local Anesthetics: SAR of Local anesthetics
Benzoic Acid derivatives; Cocaine, Hexylcaine, Meprylcaine, Cyclomethycaine, Piperocaine.
Amino Benzoic acid derivatives: Benzocaine*, Butamben, Procaine*, Butacaine, Propoxycaine,
Tetracaine, Benoxinate.
Lidocaine/Anilide derivatives: Lignocaine, Mepivacaine, Prilocaine, Etidocaine.
Miscellaneous: Phenacaine, Diperodon, Dibucaine.*
UNIT – V 07 Hours
Introduction to Drug Design:
Introduction to molecular modeling tools, molecular representations, file formats, parameters used in
QSAR, QSAR methods, Pharmacophore modeling, Docking studies.
Combinatorial Chemistry: Concept and applications of combinatorial chemistry: solid phase and
solution phase synthesis.

8. The Organic Chemistry of Drug Synthesis by Lednicer, Vol. 1to 5.
10. Text book of practical organic chemistry- A. I. Vogel.
11. Jenkins, The Chemistry of Organic Medicinal Products, Pharma Med Press.
Page 84 of 136
PS602; PHARMACOLOGY - III
B.Pharm. III Year II Sem. L T P C

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: This subject is intended to impart the fundamental knowledge on various aspects
(classification, mechanism of action, therapeutic effects, clinical uses, side effects and
contraindications) of drugs acting on respiratory and gastrointestinal system, infectious diseases,
immuno-pharmacology and in addition, emphasis on the principles of toxicology and
chronopharmacology.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of this course the student should be able to:
 Understand the mechanism of drug action and its relevance in the treatment of different
infectious diseases
 Comprehend the principles of toxicology and treatment of various poisonings and appreciate
correlation of pharmacology with related medical sciences.
UNIT- I 10 hours
1. Pharmacology of drugs acting on Respiratory system
a. Anti -asthmatic drugs
b. Drugs used in the management of COPD
c. Expectorants and antitussives
d. Nasal decongestants
e. Respiratory stimulants
2. Pharmacology of drugs acting on the Gastrointestinal Tract
a. Antiulcer agents.
b. Drugs for constipation and diarrhoea.
c. Appetite stimulants and suppressants.
d. Digestants and carminatives.
e. Emetics and anti-emetics.
Antimicrobial agents
a. General principles of chemotherapy.
b. Sulfonamides and cotrimoxazole.
c. Antibiotics - Penicillins, cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, macrolides, quinolones and
fluoroquinolins, tetracycline and aminoglycosides

Chemotherapy
a. Antitubercular agents
b. Antifungal agents
c. Antiviral drugs
d. Antileprotic agents
e. Anthelmintics
f. Antimalarial drugs
g. Antiamoebic agents
h. Urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted diseases.
1. Antimalignancy & Immunotherapy
Page 85 of 136
Types of malignancy.
Chemotherapy of cancer.
2. Immunopharmacology
a. Immunostimulants
b. Immunosuppressant
c. Protein drugs, monoclonal antibodies, target drugs to antigen, biosimilars
UNIT – V 07 hours
Principles of toxicology
a. Definition and basic knowledge of acute, subacute and chronic toxicity.
b. Definition and basic knowledge of genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and mutagenicity
c. General principles of treatment of poisoning
d. Clinical symptoms and management of barbiturates, morphine, organ ophosphosphorus
compound and lead, mercury and arsenic poisoning.

1. Rang H. P., Dale M. M., Ritter J. M., Flower R. J., Rang and Dale’s Pharmacology,
2. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier
3. Katzung B. G., Masters S. B., Trevor A. J., Basic and clinical pharmacology, Tata Mc Graw-Hill
R.W., Applied Therapeutics, The Clinical use of Drugs. The Point Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
7. Mycek M. J, Gelnet S. B and Perper M.M. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews-Pharmacology
8. K. D. Tripathi. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, JAYPEE Brothers Medical Publishers (P)
Ltd, New Delhi.
9. Sharma H. L., Sharma K. K., Principles of Pharmacology, Paras medical publisher Modern
Pharmacology with clinical Applications, by Charles R. Craig& Robert,
10. Ghosh MN. Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology. Hilton & Company, Kolkata,
11. Kulkarni SK. Handbook of experimental pharmacology. Vallabh Prakashan,
12. N. Udupa and P.D. Gupta, Concepts in Chronopharmacology.
13. Essentials of Experimental Pharmacology, General Concepts by Sunil Bothra, Pharmamed
Press.
Page 86 of 136
PS603: HERBAL DRUG TECHNOLOGY

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: This subject gives the student the knowledge of basic understanding of herbal
drug industry, the quality of raw material, guidelines for quality of herbal drugs, herbal cosmetics, natural
sweeteners, nutraceutical etc. The subject also emphasizes on Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP),
patenting and regulatory issues of herbal drugs
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of this course the student should be able to:
 understand raw material as source of herbal drugs from cultivation to herbal drug product
 know the WHO and ICH guidelines for evaluation of herbal drugs
 know the herbal cosmetics, natural sweeteners, nutraceuticals
 appreciate patenting of herbal drugs, GMP.
UNIT – I 6 Hours
1. Herbs as raw materials
Definition of herb, herbal medicine, herbal drug preparation
Source of Herbs
Selection, identification and authentication of herbal materials
Processing of herbal raw material
2. Good Agricultural Practices
Good agricultural practices in cultivation of medicinal plants including Organic farming.
Pest and Pest management in medicinal plants: Biopesticides/Bioinsecticides.
3. General Introduction to Herbal Industry
Herbal drugs industry: Present scope and future prospects.
A brief account of plant based industries and institutions/ research organizations involved in
production and research on medicinal and aromatic plants in India.
UNIT – II 7 Hours
1. Nutraceuticals
General aspects, Market, growth, scope and types of products available in the market. Health
benefits and role of Nutraceuticals in ailments like Diabetes, Cancer, Irritable bowel syndrome and
various Gastro intestinal diseases, obesity.
Study of following herbs as health food: Ginger, Fenugreek, Garlic, Honey, Amla, Ginseng,
Ashwagandha, Spirulina, Tinospora cordifolia, Linseed.
2. Herbal-Drug and Herb-Food Interactions: General introduction to interaction and classification.
Study of following drugs and their possible side effects and interactions: Hypercium, Ginkobiloba,
Ginseng, Garlic, Pepper.
UNIT - III 10 Hours

1. Herbal Cosmetics
Principles and preparation of herbal cosmetics formulations- Shampoos, Dyes, face creams,
perfumes, tooth pastes and Bleaching agents.
2. Herbal excipients:
Herbal Excipients – Significance of substances of natural origin as excipients – colorants,
sweeteners, binders, diluents, viscosity builders, disintegrants, flavors.
3. Herbal formulations:
Conventional herbal formulations like syrups, mixtures and tablets and Novel dosage forms like
phytosomes
4. Introduction to herbal pharmacopeia
Page 87 of 136
1. Evaluation of Drugs WHO & ICH guidelines for the assessment of herbal drugs Stability testing
of herbal drugs.
2. Patenting and Regulatory requirements of natural products:
a. Introduction to Herbal Pharmacopeia
b. Definition of the terms: Patent, IPR, Farmers right, Breeder’s right, Bioprospecting and
Biopiracy
c. Patenting aspects of Traditional Knowledge and Natural Products. Case study of Curcuma
& Neem.
3. Regulatory Issues - Regulations in India (ASU DTAB – Ayurvedic Sidda Unani Drugs technical
advisory board, ASU DCC - Ayurvedic Sidda Unani drugs Consultative Committee), Regulation of
manufacture of ASU drugs - Schedule Z of Drugs & Cosmetics Act for ASU drugs.
UNIT – V 07 Hours
Schedule T– Good Manufacturing Practice for herbal drug industry
Components of GMP (Schedule – T) and its objectives
Infrastructural requirements, working space, storage area, machinery and equipment, standard
operating procedures, health and hygiene, documentation and records.

1. Textbook of Pharmacognosy by Trease & Evans.
2. Textbook of Pharmacognosy by Tyler, Brady & Robber.
3. Pharmacognosy by Kokate, Purohit and Gokhale
4. Essential of Pharmacognosy by Dr. S.H. Ansari
5. Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry by V.D. Rangari
6. Pharmacopoeal standards for Ayurvedic Formulation (Council of Research in Indian Medicine
& Homeopathy)
7. Mukherjee, P.W. Quality Control of Herbal Drugs: An Approach to Evaluation of Botanicals.
Business Horizons Publishers, New Delhi, India, 2002.
8. Herbal drug Technology. By SS Agrawal and M Paridhavi
9. Indian Medicinal Plants A compendium of 500 species Vol 1, 11, 111, 1V & V By Arya vaidys
sala, Universities Press
10. SL Deore, Herbal Drug Technology, Pharma Med Press
Page 88 of 136
PS604: BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: This subject is designed to impart knowledge and skills necessary for dose
calculations, dose adjustments and to apply Biopharmaceutics theories in practical problem solving.
Basic theoretical discussions of the principles of Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics are provided
to help the students’ to clarify the concepts.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of the course student shall be able to:
 Understand the basic concepts in biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics.
 Use plasma data and derive the pharmacokinetic parameters to describe the process of drug
absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination.
 Critically evaluate biopharmaceutic studies involving drug product equivalency
 Design and evaluate dosage regimens of the drugs using pharmacokinetic and
biopharmaceutic parameters.
 Detect potential clinical pharmacokinetic problems and apply basic pharmacokinetic principles
to solve them
UNIT – I 10 Hours
Introduction to Biopharmaceutics
Absorption: Mechanisms of drug absorption through GIT, factors influencing drug absorption though
GIT, absorption of drug from extra-vascular routes(Transmucosal & Transdermal), Distribution:
Distribution of drugs Tissue permeability of drugs, binding of drugs, apparent, volume of drug
distribution, protein binding of drugs, factors affecting protein-drug binding. Kinetics of protein binding,
Clinical significance of protein binding of drugs
Metabolism & Excretion: Drug metabolism and basic understanding of metabolic pathways. Renal
excretion of drugs, factors affecting renal excretion of drugs, renal clearance, Non renal routes of drug
excretion of drugs
Bioavailability and Bioequivalence: Objectives of bioavailability studies, absolute and relative
bioavailability, measurement of bioavailability, in-vitro drug dissolution models, bioequivalence studies.

Pharmacokinetics:
Introduction to Pharmacokinetics models, Compartment models, Non-compartment models,
physiological models, One compartment open model. a. Intravenous Injection (Bolus) b. Intravenous
infusion, extra vascular administrations, calculations of Ka, KE. From plasma and urinary excretion data
Multicompartment models: Two compartment open model. IV bolus
Multiple – Dosage Regimens: Repititive Intravenous injections – One Compartment Open Model
UNIT – V 07 Hours
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: a. Introduction, b. Factors causing Non-linearity. c. Michaelis-menton
method of estimating parameters, Biotransformation of drugs
Page 89 of 136

1. Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics by, Milo Gibaldi.
2. Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics; By Robert F Notari
3. Applied biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics, Leon Shargel and Andrew B. C. YU 4th
edition, Prentice-Hall International edition. USA
4. Bio pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics-A Treatise, By D. M. Brahmankar and Sunil B.
Jaiswal, Vallabh Prakashan Pitampura, Delhi
5. Venkateswarlu V. Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Pharma Med Press
6. Pharmacokinetics: By Milo Glbaldi Donald, R. Mercel Dekker Inc.
7. Hand Book of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, By Milo Gibaldi and Laurie Prescott by ADIS Health
Science Press.
8. Biopharmaceutics; By Swarbrick
9. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Concepts and Applications: By Malcolm Rowland and
10. Thomas, N. Tozen, Lea and Febrger, Philadelphia, 1995.
11. Dissolution, Bioavailability and Bioequivalence, By Abdou H.M, Mack, Publishing Company,
Pennsylvania 1989.
12. Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics-An introduction 4th edition Revised and
expanded by Rebort F Notari Marcel Dekker Inn, New York and Basel, 1987.
13. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, By Mack Publishing Company, Pennsylvania.
14. Experimental approaches to Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics by Suresh Banari,
Pharmamed Press
15. Textbook of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics by Sarfaraz Niazi, Pharmamed
Press.
Page 90 of 136
PS605: PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE (Open Elective - II)
B.Pharm. III Year II Sem. LT P C

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: This course deals with the various aspects of quality control and quality assurance
aspects of pharmaceutical industries. It covers the important aspects like cGMP, QC tests,
documentation, quality certifications and regulatory affairs.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of the course student shall be able to:
 Understand the cGMP aspects in a pharmaceutical industry
 Appreciate the importance of documentation
 Understand the scope of quality certifications applicable to pharmaceutical industries
 Understand the responsibilities of QA & QC departments
UNIT – I 10 Hours
1. Quality Assurance and Quality Management concepts: Definition and concept of Quality
control, Quality assurance and GMP
2. Total Quality Management (TQM): Definition, elements, philosophies
3. ICH Guidelines: purpose, participants, process of harmonization, Brief overview of QSEM, with
special emphasis on Q-series guidelines.
4. Quality by design (QbD): Definition, overview, elements of QbD program
5. ISO 9000 & ISO14000: Overview, Benefits, Elements
6. NABL accreditation: Brief introduction and Principles
1. Organization and personnel: Personnel responsibilities, training, hygiene and personal records.
Premises: Design, construction and plant layout, maintenance, sanitation, environmental control,
utilities and maintenance of sterile areas, control of contamination.
2. Equipments and raw materials: Equipments selection, purchase specifications, maintenance,
purchase specifications and maintenance of stores for raw materials.

Quality Control: Quality control test for containers (Glass & Plastic) and rubber closures
Good Laboratory Practices: General Provisions, Organization and Personnel, Facilities, Equipment,
Testing Facilities Operation, Test and Control Articles, Protocol for Conduct of a Nonclinical Laboratory
Study, Records and Reports, Disqualification of Testing Facilities.
1. Complaints: Complaints and evaluation of complaints, Handling of return good, recalling and waste
disposal.
2. Document maintenance in pharmaceutical industry: Batch Formula Record, Master Formula.
Record, SOP, Quality audit, Quality Review and Quality documentation, Reports and documents,
distribution records.
UNIT – V 07 Hours
1. Calibration and Validation: Introduction, definition and general principles of calibration, qualification
and validation, importance and scope of validation, types of validation, validation master plan.
Calibration of pH meter and UV-Visible spectrophotometer.
2. Warehousing: Good warehousing practices.
Page 91 of 136
RECOMMENDED BOOKS: (Latest Edition)

1. Quality Assurance Guide by organization of Pharmaceutical Products of India.
2. Good Laboratory Practice Regulations, 2nd Edition, Sandy Weinberg Vol. 69.
3. Quality Assurance of Pharmaceuticals- A compendium of Guide lines and related materials Vol
I WHO Publications.
4. A guide to Total Quality Management- Kushik Maitra and Sedhan K Ghosh
5. How to Practice GMP’s – P P Sharma.
6. ISO 9000 and Total Quality Management – Sadhank G Ghosh
7. The International Pharmacopoeia – Vol I, II, III, IV- General Methods of Analysis and Quality
specification for Pharmaceutical Substances, Excipients and Dosage forms
8. Good laboratory Practices – Marcel Deckker Series
9. ICH guidelines, ISO 9000 and 14000 guidelines
10. Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance by Dr. Sohan Chiltlange
11. Chowdary KPR, A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Pharma Med Press
12. Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance and Management by K. P. Bhusari, Pharma Med Press
Page 92 of 136
PS606: PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY (Open Elective - II)

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives:
 Biotechnology has a long promise to revolutionize the biological sciences and technology.
 Scientific application of biotechnology in the field of genetic engineering, medicine and
fermentation technology makes the subject interesting.
 Biotechnology is leading to new biological revolutions in diagnosis, prevention and cure of
diseases, new and cheaper pharmaceutical drugs.
 Biotechnology has already produced transgenic crops and animals and the future promises lot
more.
 It is basically a research-based subject.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to;
 Understanding the importance of Immobilized enzymes in Pharmaceutical Industries
 Genetic engineering applications in relation to production of pharmaceuticals
 Importance of Monoclonal antibodies in Industries
 Appreciate the use of microorganisms in fermentation technology
UNIT – I 10 Hours
a. Brief introduction to Biotechnology with reference to Pharmaceutical Sciences.
b. Enzyme Biotechnology- Methods of enzyme immobilization and applications.
c. Biosensors- Working and applications of biosensors in Pharmaceutical Industries.
d. Brief introduction to Protein Engineering.
e. Use of microbes in industry. Production of Enzymes- General consideration - Amylase,
Catalase, Peroxidase, Lipase, Protease, Penicillinase.
f. Basic principles of genetic engineering.
a. Study of cloning vectors, restriction endonucleases and DNA ligase.
b. Recombinant DNA technology. Application of genetic engineering in medicine.
c. Application of r DNA technology and genetic engineering in the products:
d. a) Interferon b) Vaccines- hepatitis- B c) Hormones- Insulin.
e. Brief introduction to PCR

a. Structure of Immunoglobulins
b. Structure and Function of MHC (Major Histocompa
c. Types of immunity- humoral immunity, cellular immunity
d. Hypersensitivity reactions, Immune stimulation and Immune suppressions.
e. General method of the preparation of bacterial vaccines, toxoids, viral vaccine, antitoxins,
serum-immune blood derivatives and other products relative to immunity.
f. Storage conditions and stability of official vaccines
g. Hybridoma technology- Production, Purification and Applications
a. Immuno blotting techniques- ELISA, Western blotting, Southern blotting.
b. Genetic organization of Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
c. Microbial genetics including transformation, transduction, conjugation, plasmids and
transposons.
d. Introduction to Microbial biotransformation and applications.
e. Mutation.
Page 93 of 136
UNIT – V 07 Hours
a. Types of mutation/mutants
b. Fermentation methods and general requirements, study of media, equipments, sterilization
methods, aeration process, stirring.
c. Large scale production fermenter design and its various controls.
d. Study of the production of - penicillins, citric acid, Vitamin B12, Glutamic acid, Griseofulvin,

1. B.R. Glick and J.J. Pasternak: Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and Applications
2. of Recombinant DNA: ASM Press Washington D.C.
3. RA Goldshy et. al., Kuby Immunology.
4. J. W. Goding: Monoclonal Antibodies.
5. J.M. Walker and E.B. Gingold: Molecular Biology and Biotechnology by Royal Society of
Chemistry.
6. Zaborsky: Immobilized Enzymes, CRC Press, Degraland, Ohio.
7. S.B. Primrose: Molecular Biotechnology (Second Edition) Blackwell Scientific Publication.
8. Stanbury F., P., Whitakar A., and Hall J., S., Principles of fermentation technology, 2nd edition,
Aditya books Ltd., New Delhi
9. Nagori, Foundations in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Rev. Ed. Pharma Med Press
10. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology by Ravi Kumar Maddali, Pharma Med Press
Page 94 of 136
PS607: BIOINFORMATICS (Open Elective - II)

3 1 0 4
Course Objective: This subject is design to impart fundamental knowledge on the principles of
bioinformatics
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of the course the student able to understand
 Foundation of bioinformatics
 Sequence comparisons methods
 Genomic applications
 Proteomic and metabolic applications.
UNIT – I
Foundations of bioinformatics
1.1 Bioinformatics- a historical perspective
1.2 Bioinformatics data- nucleic acid sequence, protein sequence, protein structure, genome variation
data, gene expression data, proteomic data, metabolic pathways and networks
1.3 Bioinformatics tools and resources- free online tolls, downloadable free tools, software pakags,
bioinformatics web portals
1.4 Role of internet in Bioinformatics.
UNIT - II
Sequence comparison methods
2.1 Basics of sequence alignment: Match, mismatch, gaps, scoring an alignment (gap penalties (linear
& affine gap penalties), sequence relationships (sequence identity, similarity, homology, orthologs,
paralogs & xenologs)
2.2 DNA Vs protein sequence alignment (permissible replacement, similarity score, scoring matrices
(PAM & BLOSUM)
2.3 multiple-sequence alignment (MSA): significance of MSA
UNIT – III
Genomic Applications:
3.1 Bioinformatics for genome sequencing, first and next generation methods of genome sequencing,
de-novo and reference based genome sequencing, genome assembly (reads, contigs &scaffolds)
3.2 Transcript- profiling: expression microarrays (gene array& oligo array), transcriptome sequencing
and RNA- seq analysis small RNA sequencing and analysis
UNIT – IV
4.1 Genome maps an markers: identification of molecular makers (SSR, STS & SNP markers), linkage
Vs physical maps, displaying genome annotation using genome browsers
4.2 Medical application of bioinformatics –understanding diseases and identification of disease genes,
disease diagnostics, overview of drug discovery, pharmacogenomics.
UNIT – V
Proteomic and metabolomic applications:
5.1 Protein profiling (2D gels, protein fingerprinting & identification), protein structure analysis
5.2 Protein structure: structure visualization
5.3 Protein: secondary and tertiary structure prediction (homology modelling)
Page 95 of 136

1. Bioinformatics by B. G. Gurran, R. J. Walker, S.C. Bhatia. CBS Publishers.
2. Bioinformatics: Skills & applications by Rastogi, CBS Publishers
3. Bioinformatics: Sequence & genome analysis by mount, CBS Publishers
4. Bioinformatics and bioprogramming by CN Chaveli
5. Bioinformatics (Basics, alogerthmas and applications by Ruchi singh and Richa Sharma
6. Essential Bioinformatics Jinxiong
7. Durai Ananda Kumar T. Elementary Pharmacoinformatics, Pharma Med Press
8. Khan Imtiyaz Alam, Elementary Bioinformatics, Pharma Med Press
Page 96 of 136
PS608: SCREENING METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY (Open Elective - II)

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: The student is going to study about various techniques involved in screening of
drugs for various pharmacological activities and guidelines for handling animals
Course Outcomes: This subject is designed to impart the knowledge on preclinical evaluation of drugs
and recent experimental techniques in the drug discovery and development. The subject content helps
the student to understand the maintenance of laboratory animals as per the guidelines. The expected
outcome are – the students will know how to handle animals and know about various techniques for
screening of drugs for different pharmacological activities and guidelines for regulations involved in
screening of new drug molecules on animals.
UNIT – I
Care, handling and breeding technique of laboratory animals. Regulations for laboratory animals,
CPSCEA guidelines, alternative to animal studies.
UNIT – II
Toxiciy test: OECD guidelines, determination of LD50, acute, sub-acute and chronic toxicity studies.
UNIT – III
Organization of screening for pharmacological activity of new substances with emphasis on the
evaluation of antipsychotics, antiepileptics and antidepressants.
UNIT – IV
Screening methods for anti-diabetic, antiulcer, CHF and anti-hypertensive drugs.
UNIT – V
Screening methods for anti-inflammatory, analgesics and antipyretic drugs.

1. Biological standardization by J.H. Burn D.J. Finney and I.G. Goodwin.
2. Screening methods in Pharmacology by Robert Turner. A.
3. Methods in Pharmacology by Arnold Schwartz.
4. Pharmacological screening methods and Toxicology by A Srinivasa Rao and N. Bhagya
Lakshmi
5. Fundamentals of experimental Pharmacology by M.N. Ghosh.
6. Experimental Pharmacology for undergraduates by M C Prabhakara.
7. Drug discovery and Evaluation by Vogel H.G.
8. Experimental Pharmacology by R.K. Goyal.
9. Preclinical evaluation of new drugs by S.K. Gupta.
10. Pharmacological Screening methods and Toxicology by A. Srinivasa Rao
11. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, SK. Kulkarni.
12. Practical Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, SK. Kulkarni, 3rd Edition.
13. Screening Methods in Pharmacology, Robert A. Turner.
14. Bodakhe H. Surendra, Guidelines and Screening Methods of Pharmacology, Pharma Med
Press
Page 97 of 136
PS609: MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY- II LAB

0 0 4 2
1. Preparation of drugs and intermediates

a. Benzocaine
b. Sulphanilamide
c. 7-Hydroxy, 4-methyl coumarin
d. Triphenyl imidazole
e. Tolbutamide
f. Phenytoin Sodium
g. Diphenhydramine HCl
h. 6-methyl Uracil
i. Procaine
j. Promethazine HCl
2. Assay of drugs
a. Isonicotinic acid hydrazide
b. Metronidazole
c. Chlorpheniramine maleate
d. Quinidine Sulphate
e. Acetazolamide
f. Omeprazole
3. Preparation of medicinally important compounds or intermediates by Microwave irradiation

technique
4. Drawing structures and reactions using chem draw®
5. Determination of physicochemical properties such as logP, clogP, MR, Molecular weight, Hydrogen
bond donors and acceptors for class of drugs course content using drug design software Drug
likeliness screening (Lipinskies RO5)

2. Text book of practical organic chemistry- A.I. Vogel.
3. Durai Ananda Kumar T. Experimental Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Principles & Practice,
Pharma Med Press.
Page 98 of 136
PS610: PHARMACOLOGY - III LAB

0 0 4 2
1. Dose calculation in pharmacological experiments
2. Antiallergic activity by mast cell stabilization assay
3. Study of anti-ulcer activity of a drug using pylorus ligand (SHAY) rat model and NSAIDS induced
ulcer model.
4. Study of effect of drugs on gastrointestinal motility
5. Effect of agonist and antagonists on guinea pig ileum
6. Estimation of serum biochemical parameters by using semi- autoanalyser
7. Effect of saline purgative on frog intestine
8. Insulin hypoglycemic effect in rabbit
9. Test for pyrogens (rabbit method)
10. Determination of acute oral toxicity (LD50) of a drug from a given data
11. Determination of acute skin irritation / corrosion of a test substance
12. Determination of acute eye irritation / corrosion of a test substance
13. Calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters from a given data
14. Biostatistics methods in experimental pharmacology (student’s t test, ANOVA)
15. Biostatistics methods in experimental pharmacology (Chi square test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank
test)
*Experiments are demonstrated by simulated experiments/videos

1. A Practical book of Pharmacology by Dr. Ramesh Alluri
2. Ghosh MN. Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology. Hilton & Company, Kolkata,
3. Kulkarni SK. Handbook of experimental pharmacology. Vallabh Prakashan,
Page 99 of 136
PS611: HERBAL DRUG TECHNOLOGY LAB

0 0 4 2
1. To perform preliminary phytochemical screening of crude drugs.
2. Evaluation of excipients of natural origin
3. Incorporation of prepared and standardized extract in cosmetics formulations like creams,
lotions, Shampoos and their evaluation.
4. Incorporation of prepared and standardized extract in cosmetics formulations like Syrups,
Mixtures and tablets and their evaluations as per pharmacopoeial requirements
5. Monograph analysis of herbal drugs from recent Pharmacopoeias
6. Determination of Aldehyde content
7. Determination of phenolic content
8. Determination of total alkaloids

2. Mandal Vivekananda, Quick Review on Herbal Drug Technology, Pharma Med Press
Page 100 of 136

PS612: BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS LAB

0 0 4 2
1. Dissolution experimental study of influence of disintegration
2. Drug release from semisolids (Agar diffusion using petri dishes, Salicylic acid release from
semisolid dosage form
3. Study of permeability of drugs using dialysis tubes/Sac
4. Drug permeation across membranes using diffusion cells (franz diffusion cells)
5. Calculation of all Pharmacokinetic parameters following the below rate of administration
a) IV bolus/Plasma
b) IV bolus/Urine
c) Extravascular/Plasma
d) Extravascular/Urine
e) Non compartment Pharmacokinetics Extravascular/Plasma
Reference Books
1) Experimental approaches to Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics by Bandari Suresh
2) Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics lab manual, by Dachinamurthy
Page 101 of 136

*MC600: HUMAN VALUES AND PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

1 0 0 0
Course Objective: To enable the students to imbibe and internalize the Values and Ethical Behavior
in the personal and Professional lives.
Course Outcome: The students will understand the importance of Values and Ethics in their personal
lives and professional careers. The students will learn the rights and responsibilities as an employee,
team member and a global citizen.
UNIT - I
Introduction to Professional Ethics: Basic Concepts, Governing Ethics, Personal & Professional
Ethics, Ethical Dilemmas, Life Skills, Emotional Intelligence, Thoughts of Ethics, Value Education,
Dimensions of Ethics, Profession and professionalism, Professional Associations, Professional Risks,
Professional Accountabilities, Professional Success, Ethics and Profession.
UNIT – II
Basic Theories: Basic Ethical Principles, Moral Developments, Deontology, Utilitarianism, Virtue
Theory, Rights Theory, Casuist Theory, Moral Absolution, Moral Rationalism, Moral Pluralism, Ethical
Egoism, Feminist Consequentialism, Moral Issues, Moral Dilemmas, Moral Autonomy.
UNIT – III
Professional ethics in pharmacy: general introduction to code of pharmaceutical ethics, objectives,
pharmacists in relation to his job, his trade, to his profession and relation to medicinal professions.
Pharmacists’ oath.
UNIT – IV
Work Place Rights & Responsibilities, Ethics in changing domains of Research, Engineers and
Managers; Organizational Complaint Procedure, difference of Professional Judgment within the
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), the Hanford Nuclear Reservation.
Ethics in changing domains of research - The US government wide definition of research misconduct,
research misconduct distinguished from mistakes and errors, recent history of attention to research
misconduct, the emerging emphasis on understanding and fostering responsible conduct, responsible
authorship, reviewing & editing.
UNIT – V
Global issues in Professional Ethics: Introduction – Current Scenario, Technology Globalization of
MNCs, International Trade, World Summits, Issues, Business Ethics and Corporate Governance,
Sustainable Development Ecosystem, Energy Concerns, Ozone Deflection, Pollution, Ethics in
Manufacturing and Marketing, Media Ethics; War Ethics; Bio Ethics, Intellectual Property Rights.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Professional Ethics: R. Subramanian, Oxford University Press, 2015.
2. Ethics in Engineering Practice & Research, Caroline Whitbeck, 2e, Cambridge University Press
2015.
3. Indian Culture Values and Professional Ethics by P. S. R. Murty, BS Publications
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Engineering Ethics, Concepts Cases: Charles E Harris Jr., Michael S Pritchard, Michael J
Rabins, 4e , Cengage learning, 2015.
2. Business Ethics concepts & Cases: Manuel G Velasquez, 6e, PHI, 2008.
3. Forensic Pharmacy by Dr. Kokate
4. Forensic Pharmacy by Bhaskar Chaurasia
Page 102 of 136

PS701: INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS
B.Pharm. IV Year I Sem. LT P C

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: This subject deals with the application of instrumental methods in qualitative and
quantitative analysis of drugs. This subject is designed to impart a fundamental knowledge on the
principles and instrumentation of spectroscopic and chromatographic technique. This also emphasizes
on theoretical and practical knowledge on modern analytical instruments that are used for drug testing.
• Understand the interaction of matter with electromagnetic radiations and its applications in drug
analysis
• Understand the chromatographic separation and analysis of drugs.
• Perform quantitative & qualitative analysis of drugs using various analytical instruments.
UNIT – I 10 Hours
1. UV Visible spectroscopy
Electronic transitions, chromophores, auxochromes, spectral shifts, solvent effect on absorption
spectra, Beer and Lambert’s law, Derivation and deviations.
Instrumentation - Sources of radiation, wavelength selectors, sample cells, detectors-Photo tube,
Photomultiplier tube, Photo voltaic cell, Silicon Photodiode.
Applications - Spectrophotometric titrations, Single component and multi component analysis
2. Fluorimetry
Theory, Concepts of singlet, doublet and triplet electronic states, internal and external conversions,
factors affecting fluorescence, quenching, instrumentation and applications
1. IR spectroscopy
Introduction, fundamental modes of vibrations in poly atomic molecules, sample handling, factors
affecting vibrations
Instrumentation - Sources of radiation, wavelength selectors, detectors - Golay cell, Bolometer,
Thermocouple, Thermistor, Pyroelectric detector and applications
2. Flame Photometry - Principle, interferences, instrumentation and applications
3. Atomic absorption spectroscopy - Principle, interferences, instrumentation and applications
4. Nepheloturbidometry - Principle, instrumentation and applications

Introduction to chromatography
1. Adsorption and partition column chromatography- Methodology, advantages, disadvantages
and applications.
2. Thin layer chromatography- Introduction, Principle, Methodology, Rf values, advantages,
disadvantages and applications.
3. Paper chromatography- Introduction, methodology, development techniques, advantages,
disadvantages and applications
4. Electrophoresis– Introduction, factors affecting electrophoretic mobility, Techniques of paper, gel,
capillary electrophoresis, applications
1. Gas chromatography - Introduction, theory, instrumentation, derivatization, temperature
programming, advantages, disadvantages and applications
2. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) - Introduction, theory, instrumentation,
advantages and applications.
Page 103 of 136

UNIT – V 07 Hours
1. Ion exchange chromatography - Introduction, classification, ion exchange resins, properties,
mechanism of ion exchange process, factors affecting ion exchange, methodology and applications
2. Gel chromatography - Introduction, theory, instrumentation and applications
3. Affinity chromatography - Introduction, theory, instrumentation and applications
RECOMMENDED BOOKS (Latest Editions):

1. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis by B. K Sharma
2. Organic spectroscopy by Y. R Sharma
3. Text book of Pharmaceutical Analysis by Kenneth A. Connors
4. Vogel’s Text book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis by A.I. Vogel
5. Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry by A.H. Beckett and J.B. Stenlake
6. Organic Chemistry by I. L. Finar
7. Organic spectroscopy by William Kemp
8. Quantitative Analysis of Drugs by D. C. Garrett
9. Quantitative Analysis of Drugs in Pharmaceutical Formulations by P. D. Sethi
10. Spectrophotometric identification of Organic Compounds by Silverstein
11. Vidya Sagar, Instrumental Methods of Drug Analysis, Pharma Med Press
Page 104 of 136

PS702: INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY - II

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: This course is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on pharmaceutical

product Commercialization from laboratory to market
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to:
• Know the process of pilot plant and scale up of pharmaceutical dosage forms
• Understand the process of technology transfer from lab scale to commercial batch
• Know different laws and acts that regulate pharmaceutical industry in India and US
• Understand the approval process and regulatory requirements for drug products
UNIT – I 10 Hours
Pilot plant scale up techniques: General considerations - including significance of personnel
requirements, space requirements, raw materials, Pilot plant scale up considerations for solids, liquid
orals, semi solids and relevant documentation, SUPAC guidelines, Introduction to Platform technology
Plant location, industrial hazards and plant safety: Plant Layout, utilities and services, Mechanical
hazards, Chemical hazards, Fire hazards, explosive hazards and their safety.
Materials of pharmaceutical plant construction, Corrosion and its prevention: Factors affecting
during materials selected for Pharmaceutical plant construction, Theories of corrosion, types of
corrosion and there prevention. Ferrous and nonferrous metals, inorganic and organic non metals.
Material handling systems: Objectives & applications of Material handling systems, different types of
conveyors such as belt, screw and pneumatic conveyors.
Technology development and transfer: WHO guidelines for Technology Transfer: Terminologies,
Technology transfer protocol, Quality risk management, Transfer from R & D to production (Process,
packaging and cleaning), Granularity of TT Process (API, excipients, finished products, packing
materials) Documentation, Premises and equipments, qualification and validation, quality control,
analytical method transfer, Approved regulatory bodies and agencies, Commercialization - practical
aspects and problems (case studies), TOT agencies in India - APCTD, NRDC, TIFAC, BCIL, TBSE /
SIDBI; Technology of Transfer (TOT) related documentation - confidentiality agreements, licensing,
MoUs, legal issues

1. Regulatory affairs: Introduction, Historical overview of Regulatory Affairs, Regulatory authorities,
Role of Regulatory affairs department, Responsibility of Regulatory Affairs Professionals
2. Regulatory requirements for drug approval: Drug Development Teams, Non-Clinical Drug
Development, Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, General considerations of
Investigational New Drug (IND) Application, Investigator’s Brochure (IB) and New Drug Application
(NDA), Clinical research / BE studies, Clinical Research Protocols, Biostatistics in Pharmaceutical
Product Development, Data Presentation for FDA Submissions, Management of Clinical Studies.
Quality management systems: Quality management & Certifications: Concept of Quality, Total
Quality Management, Quality by design, Six Sigma concept, Out of Specifications (OOS), Change
control, Introduction to ISO 9000 series of quality systems standards, ISO 14000, NABL, GLP
Page 105 of 136

UNIT – V 07 Hours
Indian Regulatory Requirements: Central Drug Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) and State
Licensing Authority: Organization, Responsibilities, Common Technical Document (CTD), Certificate of
Pharmaceutical Product (COPP), Regulatory requirements and approval procedures for New Drugs.

1. International Regulatory Affairs Updates, 2005. available at http://www.iraup.com/about.php
2. Douglas J Pisano and David S. Mantus. Text book of FDA Regulatory Affairs A Guide for
Prescription Drugs, Medical Devices, and Biologics’ 2nd Edition.
3. Regulatory Affairs brought by learning plus, inc. available at http.//www.cgmp.com/ra.htm.
4. Industrial Pharmacy by Roopa K Khar, S. P Vyas, Farhan J Ahmed, Gaurav K Jain, 4th Edition
5. Industrial Pharmacy: A Comprehensive Approach by Tripathi DK, Pharmamed Press
Page 106 of 136

PS703: PHARMACY PRACTICE
B.Pharm. IV Year I Sem. L T P C

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: In the changing scenario of pharmacy practice in India, for successful practice of
Hospital Pharmacy, the students are required to learn various skills like drug distribution, drug
information, and therapeutic drug monitoring for improved patient care. In community pharmacy,
students will be learning various skills such as dispensing safe medication and patient counselling.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to:
• Know various drug distribution methods in a hospital
• Appreciate the pharmacy stores management and inventory control
• Monitor drug therapy of patient through medication chart review and clinical review
• Know pharmaceutical care services
• do patient counselling in community pharmacy
UNIT – I 10 Hours
1. Hospital and it’s organization
Definition, Classification of hospital- Primary, Secondary and Tertiary hospitals, Classification
based on clinical and nonclinical basis, Organization Structure of a Hospital, and Medical staffs
involved in the hospital and their functions.
2. Hospital pharmacy and its organization
Definition, functions of hospital pharmacy, Organization structure, Location, Layout and staff
requirements, and Responsibilities and functions of hospital pharmacists.
3. Community Pharmacy
Organization and structure of retail and wholesale drug store, types and design, Legal requirements
for establishment and maintenance of a drug store, Dispensing of proprietary products,
maintenance of records of retail and wholesale drug store.
1. Drug distribution system in a hospital
Dispensing of drugs to inpatients, types of drug distribution systems, charging policy and labelling,
dispensing of drugs to ambulatory patients, and Dispensing of controlled drugs.
2. Therapeutic drug monitoring
Need for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Factors to be considered during the Therapeutic Drug
Monitoring, and Indian scenario for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring.
3. Community pharmacy management
Financial, materials, staff, and infrastructure requirements.

1. Drug information services
Drug and Poison information centre, Sources of drug information, Computerized services, and
storage and retrieval of information.
2. Patient counselling
Definition of patient counselling; steps involved in patient counseling, and Special cases that require
the pharmacist
3. Education and training program in the hospital
Role of pharmacist in the education and training program, Internal and external training program,
Services to the nursing homes/clinics, Code of ethics for community pharmacy, and Role of
pharmacist in the interdepartmental communication and community health education.
Page 107 of 136

1. Clinical Pharmacy
Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pharmacy, functions and responsibilities of
clinical pharmacist, Drug therapy monitoring - medication chart review, clinical review, pharmacist
intervention, Ward round participation, Medication history and Pharmaceutical care.
2. Over the counter (OTC) sales
Introduction and sale of over the counter, and Rational use of common over the counter
medications.
UNIT – V 07 Hours
Drug store management and inventory control
Organization of drug store, types of materials stocked and storage conditions, Purchase and inventory
control: principles, purchase procedure, purchase order, procurement and stocking, Economic order
quantity, Reorder quantity level, and Methods used for the analysis of the drug expenditure
RECOMMENDED BOOKS (Latest Edition):

1. Merchant S. H. and Dr. J. S. Quadry. A textbook of hospital pharmacy, 4th ed. Ahmadabad: B.S.
Shah Prakakshan; 2001.
2. Parthasarathi G, Karin Nyfort-Hansen, Milap C Nahata. A textbook of Clinical Pharmacy
Practice- essential concepts and skills, 1st ed. Chennai: Orient Longman Private Limited; 2004.
3. William E. Hassan. Hospital pharmacy, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1986.
4. Tipnis Bajaj. Hospital Pharmacy, 1st ed. Maharashtra: Career Publications; 2008.
5. Scott LT. Basic skills in interpreting laboratory data, 4th ed. American Society of Health System
Pharmacists Inc; 2009.
6. Parmar N. S. Health Education and Community Pharmacy, 18th ed. India: CBS Publishers &
Distributers; 2008.
7. Balasubramanian, Pharmacy Practice, Pharma Med Press
8. Bari B. Sanjay, Pharmacy Practice: Essentials of Hospital, Clinical and Community Pharmacy,
Pharma Med Press
9. Patient Assessment in Pharmacy, by Yolanda M H
10. Patient Communication for Pharmacy: A Case-Study Approach on Theory and Practice, Min
Liu, Lakesha M. Butler
11. Fundamental Skills for Patient Care in Pharmacy Practice by Colleen Doherty Lauster, Sneha
Baxi Srivastava
Page 108 of 136

PS704: MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY – III

3 1 0 4
chemistry and therapeutic value of drugs. The subject emphasis on modern techniques of rational drug
design like quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR), Prodrug concept, combinatorial chemistry
and Computer aided drug design (CADD). The subject also emphasizes on the chemistry, mechanism
of action, metabolism, adverse effects, Structure Activity Relationships (SAR), therapeutic uses and
synthesis of important drugs.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of the course student shall be able to

 Understand the importance of drug design and different techniques of drug design.
 Understand the chemistry of drugs with respect to their biological activity.
 Know the metabolism, adverse effects and therapeutic value of drugs.
 Know the importance of SAR of drugs.
as specified in the course and synthesis of drugs superscripted by (*)
UNIT – I 10 Hours
Antibiotics I:
Historical background, Nomenclature, Stereochemistry, Structure activity relationship, Chemical
degradation classification and important products of the following classes.
Beta-Lactam antibiotics: Penicillin, Cephalosporins, Beta-Lactamase inhibitors, Monobactams
Aminoglycosides: Streptomycin, Neomycin, Kanamycin
Tetracyclines: Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Chlortetracycline, Minocycline, Doxycycline
Antibiotics II:
Historical background, Nomenclature, Stereochemistry, Structure activity relationship, Chemical
degradation, classification and important products of the following classes.
Macrolide: Erythromycin Clarithromycin, Azithromycin.
Miscellaneous: Chloramphenicol*, Clindamycin.
Antimalarials: Etiology of malaria.
Quinolines: SAR, Quinine sulphate, Chloroquine*, Amodiaquine, Primaquine phosphate, Pamaquine*,
Quinacrine hydrochloride, Mefloquine.
Biguanides and dihydro triazines: Cycloguanil pamoate, Proguanil.
Miscellaneous: Pyrimethamine, Artesunete, Artemether, Atovoquone.

Anti-tubercular Agents
Synthetic anti tubercular agents: Isoniazid*, Ethionamide, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide, Para amino
salicylic acid.*
Anti-tubercular antibiotics: Rifampicin, Rifabutin, Cycloserine Streptomycine, Capreomycin sulphate.
Urinary tract anti-infective agents
Quinolones: SAR of quinolones, Nalidixic Acid, Norfloxacin, Enoxacin,
Ciprofloxacin*, Ofloxacin, Lomefloxacin, Sparfloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Moxifloxacin
Miscellaneous: Furazolidine, Nitrofurantoin*, Methanamine.
Antiviral agents: Amantadine hydrochloride, Rimantadine hydrochloride, Idoxuridine trifluoride,
Page 109 of 136

Acyclovir*, Gancyclovir, Zidovudine, Didanosine, Zalcitabine, Lamivudine, Loviride, Delavirding,

Ribavirin, Saquinavir, Indinavir, Ritonavir.
Antifungal agents:
Antifungal antibiotics: Amphotericin-B, Nystatin, Natamycin, Griseofulvin.
Synthetic Antifungal agents: Clotrimazole, Econazole, Butoconazole, Oxiconazole Tioconozole,
Miconazole*, Ketoconazole, Terconazole, Itraconazole, Fluconazole, Naftifine hydrochloride,
Tolnaftate*.
Anti-protozoal Agents: Metronidazole*, Tinidazole, Ornidazole, Diloxanide, Iodoquinol, Pentamidine
Isethionate, Atovaquone, Eflornithine.
Anthelmintics: Diethylcarbamazine citrate*, Thiabendazole, Mebendazole*, Albendazole,
Niclosamide, Oxamniquine, Praziquantal, Ivermectin.
Sulphonamides and Sulfones
Historical development, chemistry, classification and SAR of Sulfonamides:
Sulphamethizole, Sulfisoxazole, Sulphamethizine, Sulfacetamide*, Sulphapyridine, Sulfamethoxaole*,
Sulphadiazine, Mefenide acetate, Sulfasalazine.
Folate reductase inhibitors: Trimethoprim*, Cotrimoxazole.
Sulfones: Dapsone*.
UNIT – V 07 Hours
Drugs acting on Endocrine system
Nomenclature, Stereochemistry and metabolism of steroids
Sex hormones: Testosterone, Nandralone, Progestrones, Oestriol, Oestradiol, Oestrione, Diethyl
stilbestrol.
Drugs for erectile dysfunction: Sildenafil, Tadalafil.
Oral contraceptives: Mifepristone, Norgestril, Levonorgestrol
Corticosteroids: Cortisone, Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone, Betamethasone, Dexamethasone
Thyroid and antithyroid drugs: L-Thyroxine, L-Thyronine, Propylthiouracil, Methimazole.

10. Text book of practical organic chemistry- A.I. Vogel.
11. S. P. Vyas and R. K. Khar, Controlled Drug Delivery - concepts and advances, Vallabh
Prakashan, New Delhi, 1st edition 2002.
12. Durai Ananda Kumar T. Experimental Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Principles & Practice,
Pharma Med Press
Page 110 of 136

PS705: PHARMACEUTICAL MARKETING (Open Elective - III)
B.Pharm. IV Year I Sem. LTPC

3104
Course Objectives: The pharmaceutical industry not only needs highly qualified researchers, chemist,
technical people but also requires skilled managers who can take the industry forward by managing
and taking the complex decisions which are imperative for the growth of the industry. Sales & Marketing
which grooms the people for taking a challenging role in Sales and Product management.
Course Outcome: Provide an understanding of marketing concepts and techniques and the application
of the same in the pharmaceutical industry.
UNIT – I 10 Hours
Marketing: Definition, general concepts, and scope of marketing; Distinction between marketing &
selling; Marketing environment; Industry and competitive analysis; Analyzing consumer buying
behavior; industrial buying behavior.
Pharmaceutical market: Quantitative and qualitative aspects; size and composition of the market;
demographic descriptions and socio-psychological characteristics of the consumer; market
segmentation& targeting. Consumer profile; Motivation and prescribing habits of the physician; patients'
choice of physician and retail pharmacist. Analyzing the Market; Role of market research.
Product decision: Meaning, Classification, product line and product mix decisions, product life cycle,
product portfolio analysis; product positioning; New product decisions; Product branding, packaging
and labeling decisions, Product management in pharmaceutical industry.

Promotion: Meaning and methods, determinants of promotional mix, promotional budget; An overview
of personal selling, advertising, direct mail, journals, sampling, retailing, medical exhibition, public
relations, online promotional techniques for OTC Products.
Pharmaceutical marketing channels: Designing channel, channel members, selecting the
appropriate channel, conflict in channels, physical distribution management: Strategic importance,
tasks in physical distribution management.
Professional sales representative (PSR): Duties of PSR, purpose of detailing, selection and training,
supervising, norms for customer calls, motivating, evaluating, compensation and future prospects of the
PSR.
UNIT – V 10 Hours
Pricing: Meaning, importance, objectives, determinants of price; pricing methods and strategies, issues
in price management in pharmaceutical industry. An overview of DPCO (Drug Price Control Order) and
NPPA (National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority).
Emerging concepts in marketing: Vertical & Horizontal Marketing; Rural Marketing; Consumerism;
Industrial Marketing; Global Marketing.

1. Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller: Marketing Management, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi
2. Walker, Boyd and Larreche: Marketing Strategy- Planning and Implementation, Tata McGraw
Hill, New Delhi.
3. Subba Rao Changanti, Pharmaceutical Marketing in India, Pharma Med Press
Page 111 of 136

4. Dhruv Grewal and Michael Levy: Marketing, Tata McGraw Hill

5. Arun Kumar and N Menakshi: Marketing Management, Vikas Publishing, India
6. Rajan Saxena: Marketing Management; Tata MC Graw-Hill (India Edition)
7. Ramaswamy, U.S & Nanakamari, S: Marketing Management: Global Perspective, Indian
Context, Macmillan India, New Delhi.
8. Shanker, Ravi: Service Marketing, Excell Books, New Delhi
9. Smarta Raja B. Strategic Pharmaceutical Marketing, Pharma Med Press
Page 112 of 136

PS706: PHARMACEUTICAL REGULATORY SCIENCE (Open Elective - III)

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: This course is designed to impart the fundamental knowledge on the regulatory
requirements for approval of new drugs, drug products in regulated countries like US, EU, Japan,
Australia and Canada. It prepares the students to learn in detail on the regulatory requirements,
documentation requirements, and registration procedures for marketing the drug products in regulated
countries.
• Know about the process of drug discovery and development
• Know the regulatory authorities and agencies governing the manufacture and sale of
pharmaceuticals
• Know the regulatory approval process and their registration in Indian and international markets
UNIT – I 10 Hours
New Drug Discovery and development
Stages of drug discovery, Drug development process, pre-clinical studies, non-clinical activities, clinical
studies, Innovator and generics, Concept of generics, Generic drug product development.
Regulatory Approval Process: Approval processes and timelines involved in Investigational New
Drug (IND), New Drug Application (NDA), Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) in US. Changes
to an approved NDA / ANDA.
Regulatory authorities and agencies: Overview of regulatory authorities of United States, European
Union, Australia, Japan, Canada (Organization structure and types of applications)

Registration of Indian drug product in overseas market: Procedure for export of pharmaceutical
products, Technical documentation, Drug Master Files (DMF), Common Technical Document (CTD),
electronic Common Technical Document (eCTD), ASEAN Common Technical Document (ACTD)
research.
Clinical trials: Developing clinical trial protocols, Institutional Review Board / Independent Ethics
committee - formation and working procedures, Informed consent process and procedures, GCP
obligations of Investigators, sponsors & Monitors, Managing and Monitoring clinical trials,
Pharmacovigilance - safety monitoring in clinical trials
UNIT – V 07 Hours
Regulatory Concepts: Basic terminologies, guidance, guidelines, regulations, laws and acts, Orange
book, Federal Register, Code of Federal Regulatory, Purple book

1. Drug Regulatory Affairs by Sachin Itkar, Dr. N. S. Vyawahare, Nirali Prakashan.
2. The Pharmaceutical Regulatory Process, 2nd Edition Edited by Ira R. Berry and Robert P.
Martin, Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol.185. Informa Health care Publishers.
3. New Drug Approval Process: Accelerating Global Registrations by Richard A Guarino, MD, 5 th
edition, Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 190.
4. Guidebook for drug regulatory submissions / Sandy Weinberg. By John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
Page 113 of 136

5. FDA Regulatory Affairs: a guide for prescription drugs, medical devices, and biologics /edited
by Douglas J. Pisano, David Mantus.
6. Generic Drug Product Development, Solid Oral Dosage forms, Leon Shargel and Isader Kaufer,
Marcel Dekker series, Vol.143
7. Clinical Trials and Human Research: A Practical Guide to Regulatory Compliance by Fay A.
Rozovsky and Rodney K. Adams
8. Principles and Practices of Clinical Research, 2nd Edition Edited by John I. Gallin and Frederick
P. Ognibene
9. Drugs: From Discovery to Approval, 2nd Edition by Rick N
10. Clinical Research: Principles, Practices, Perspective, by Bikash Medhi, Pharmamed Press
Page 114 of 136

PS707: PHARMACOVIGILANCE (Open Elective - III)

3 1 0 4
Course Objective: This paper will provide an opportunity for the student to learn about development
of pharmacovigilance as a science, basic terminologies used in pharmacovigilance, global scenario of
Pharmacovigilance, train students on establishing pharmacovigilance programme in an organization,
various methods that can be used to generate safety data and signal detection.
Course Outcomes: At completion of this paper it is expected that students will be able to (know, do,
and appreciate):
 Why drug safety monitoring is important?
 History and development of pharmacovigilance
 National and international scenario of pharmacovigilance
 International standards for classification of diseases and drugs
 Adverse drug reaction reporting systems and communication in pharmacovigilance
 Data during pre-clinical, clinical and post approval.
 Pharmacovigilance Program of India (PvPI)
 ICH guidelines for ICSR, PSUR, expedited reporting, pharmacovigilance planning
UNIT - I 10 Hours
Introduction to Pharmacovigilance:
a) History and development of Pharmacovigilance
b) Importance of safety monitoring of Medicine
c) WHO international drug monitoring programme
d) Pharmacovigilance Program of India (PvPI)
Introduction to adverse drug reactions:
a) Definitions and classification of ADRs
b) Detection and reporting
c) Methods in Causality assessment
d) Severity and seriousness assessment
e) Predictability and preventability assessment
Basic terminologies used in pharmacovigilance:
a) Terminologies of adverse medication related events
b) Regulatory terminologies
Drug and disease classification:
a) Anatomical, therapeutic and chemical classification of drugs
b) International classification of diseases
c) Daily defined doses
Drug dictionaries and coding in pharmacovigilance:
a) WHO adverse reaction terminologies
b) MedDRA and Standardized MedDRA queries
c) WHO drug dictionary
Information resources in pharmacovigilance:
a) Basic drug information resources
Establishing pharmacovigilance programme:
a) Establishing in a hospital
b) Establishment & operation of drug safety department in industry
c) Contract Research Organizations (CROs)
Page 115 of 136


Vaccine safety surveillance:
a) Vaccine Pharmacovigilance
b) Vaccination failure
c) Adverse events following immunization
Pharmacovigilance methods:
a) Passive surveillance – Spontaneous reports and case series
b) Stimulated reporting
c) Active surveillance – Sentinel sites, drug event monitoring and registries
d) Comparative observational studies – Cross sectional study, case control study and cohort study
e) Targeted clinical investigations
Statistical methods for evaluating medication safety data
Safety data generation:
a) Pre-clinical phase
b) Clinical phase
c) Post approval phase
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance:
a) Organization and objectives of ICH
b) Expedited reporting
c) Individual case safety reports
d) Periodic safety update reports
e) Post approval expedited reporting
f) Pharmacovigilance planning
g) Good clinical practice in pharmacovigilance studies
UNIT – V 07 hours
Pharmacogenomics of adverse drug reactions:
Drug safety evaluation in special population
a) Pediatrics
b) Pregnancy and lactation
c) Geriatrics

1. Textbook of Pharmacovigilance: S K Gupta, Jaypee Brothers, Medical Publishers.
2. Practical Drug Safety from A to Z By Barton Cobert, Pierre Biron, Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
3. Mann's Pharmacovigilance: Elizabeth B. Andrews, Nicholas, Wiley Publishers.
4. Stephens' Detection of New Adverse Drug Reactions: John Talbot, Patrick Walle, Wiley
Publishers.
5. An Introduction to Pharmacovigilance: Patrick Waller, Wiley Publishers.
6. Cobert's Manual of Drug Safety and Pharmacovigilance: Barton Cobert, Jones& Bartlett
Publishers.
7. Textbook of Pharmacoepidemiology edited by Brian L. Strom, Stephen E Kimmel, Sean

Hennessy, Wiley Publishers.
8. A Textbook of Clinical Pharmacy Practice -Essential Concepts and Skills: G. Parthasarathi,
Karin Nyfort Hansen, Milap C. Nahata
9. National Formulary of India
10. Text Book of Medicine by Yashpal Munjal
Page 116 of 136

11. Text book of Pharmacovigilance: concept and practice by GP Mohanta and PK Manna,
Pharmamed Press.
12. A Textbook of Clinical Research and Pharmacovigilance, KPR Chowdary, Pharmamed Press.
13. http://www.whoumc.org/DynPage.aspx?id=105825&mn1=7347&mn2=7259&mn3=7297
14. http://www.ich.org/
15. http://www.cioms.ch/
16. http://cdsco.nic.in/
17. http://www.who.int/vaccine_safety/en/
18. http://www.ipc.gov.in/PvPI/pv_home.html
Page 117 of 136

PS708: QUALITY CONTROL AND STANDARDIZATION OF HERBALS (Open Elective - III)

3 1 0 4
Course Objective: In this subject the student learns about the various methods and guidelines for
evaluation and standardization of herbs and herbal drugs. The subject also provides an opportunity for
the student to learn cGMP, GAP and GLP in traditional system of medicines.
• Know WHO guidelines for quality control of herbal drugs
• Know Quality assurance in herbal drug industry
• Know the regulatory approval process and their registration in Indian and international markets
• Appreciate EU and ICH guidelines for quality control of herbal drugs
UNIT – I 10 hours
Basic tests for drugs – Pharmaceutical substances, Medicinal plants materials and dosage forms.
WHO guidelines for quality control of herbal drugs. Evaluation of commercial crude drugs intended for
use
Quality assurance in herbal drug industry of cGMP, GAP, GMP and GLP in traditional system of
medicine. WHO Guidelines on current good manufacturing Practices (cGMP) for Herbal Medicines
WHO Guidelines on GACP for Medicinal Plants.

EU and ICH guidelines for quality control of herbal drugs.
Research Guidelines for Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Herbal Medicines
Stability testing of herbal medicines. Application of various chromatographic techniques in
standardization of herbal products.
Preparation of documents for new drug application and export registration GMP requirements and
Drugs & Cosmetics Act provisions.
UNIT – V 07 hours
Regulatory requirements for herbal medicines.
WHO guidelines on safety monitoring of herbal medicines in pharmacovigilance systems Comparison
of various Herbal Pharmacopoeias.
Role of chemical and biological markers in standardization of herbal products

1. Pharmacognosy by Trease and Evans
2. Pharmacognosy by Kokate, Purohit and Gokhale
3. Rangari, V.D., Text book of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Vol. I , Carrier Pub., 2006.
4. Aggrawal, S.S., Herbal Drug Technology. Universities Press, 2002.
5. EMEA. Guidelines on Quality of Herbal Medicinal Products/Traditional Medicinal Products,
7. Shinde M. V., Dhalwal K., Potdar K., Mahadik K. Application of quality control principles to
herbal drugs. International Journal of Phytomedicine 1(2009); p. 4-.
Page 118 of 136

8. WHO. Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plant Materials, World Health Organization,
Geneva, 1998. WHO. Guidelines for the Appropriate Use of Herbal Medicines. WHO Regional
Publications, Western Pacific Series No 3, WHO Regional office for the Western Pacific, Manila,
1998.
9. WHO. The International Pharmacopeia, Vol. 2: Quality Specifications, 3rd edn. World Health
Organization, Geneva, 1981. WHO. Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plant Materials.
World Health Organization, Geneva, 1999.
10. WHO. WHO Global Atlas of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2 vol. set.
Vol. 1 contains text and Vol. 2, maps. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2005.
11. WHO. Guidelines on Good Agricultural and Collection Practices (GACP) for Medicinal Plants.
World Health Organization, Geneva, 2004.
12. Deore S L, Quality Control of Herbal Drugs, Pharma Med Press
Page 119 of 136

PS709: INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS LAB

0 0 4 2
1. Determination of absorption maxima and effect of solvents on absorption maxima of organic
compounds
2. Estimation of dextrose by colorimetry
3. Estimation of sulfanilamide by colorimetry
4. Simultaneous estimation of ibuprofen and paracetamol by UV spectroscopy
5. Assay of paracetamol by UV- Spectrophotometry
6. Estimation of quinine sulfate by fluorimetry
7. Study of quenching of fluorescence
8. Determination of sodium by flame photometry
9. Determination of potassium by flame photometry
10. Determination of chlorides and sulphates by nephelo turbidometry
11. Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography
12. Separation of sugars by thin layer chromatography
13. Separation of plant pigments by column chromatography
14. Demonstration experiment on HPLC
15. Demonstration experiment on Gas Chromatography

Page 120 of 136

PS710: PRACTICE SCHOOL

0 0 4 2
Course Objectives: Practice school is an educational innovation seeking to link industry/hospital/

pharmacy experience with university instruction. The student will:
• Meet the rapidly changing needs and challenges of a professional work place.
• Acquire knowledge and skills.
• Bear an economic relevance to the society.
Course Outcome: Institutionalized linkage between university/college and industry. Student’s

involvement in real life projects continues internal evaluation and monitoring the faculty help by student
to understand the practical issues. After successful completion of 150 hrs, the students will submit the
detailed report in the following field.
Note: Any domains relevant to pharmacy can be given to students. Following domains for for
reference
Industry oriented PS:

It comprises industry visits and interactions with executives to facilitate the process of learning by
observations and discussions duly aided by the check list. It promotes learning by doing in various
departments like production quality control and assurance, R&D etc. Taking one issue and working on
it for prescribed hours and submit the report.
Hospital oriented PS:

The student is asked to visit the hospitals and work on some case studies like cardiovascular, diabetics,
gastrointestinal, gynaecological, pulmonary paediatric etc. related cases of some 5 to 6 to be studied
and detailed data to be submitted.
Retail pharmacy-oriented PS:

The students have to visit different pharmacy shops and collect the data related to the most prescribed
medicines in that area, prescription patterns, medical audit etc and submit the report.
Election of medicinal plants orientated PS:

The students have to visit medicinal plant gardens and collect some medicinal plants those are useful
to various disorders and submit the report in detail about the plants they come across during their study
period
Regulatory affairs: collect and analyse the regulatory affairs. Some important cases filed by drug
control officers to be analysed and reported.
National poison centre: visit the local poison centre and write the relevant matter
Formulation aspects: Formulations using any equipments which otherwise are not usually used for
regular practicals
Page 121 of 136

PS801: BIOSTATISTICS AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
B.Pharm. IV Year II Sem. L T P C

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: To understand the applications of Biostatics in Pharmacy. This subject deals with
descriptive statistics, Graphics, Correlation, Regression, ANOVA, Introduction to Design of
Experiments, Phases of Clinical trials and Observational and Experimental studies.
• Know the operation of M.S. Excel, SPSS, R and MINITAB®, DoE (Design of Experiment)
• Know the various statistical techniques to solve statistical problems
• Appreciate statistical techniques in solving the problems.
UNIT – I 10 Hours
Introduction: Statistics, Biostatistics, Frequency distribution
Measures of central tendency: Mean, Median, Mode- Pharmaceutical examples
Measures of dispersion: Dispersion, Range, standard deviation, Pharmaceutical problems
Correlation: Definition, Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation, Multiple correlation -Pharmaceuticals
examples
Regression: Curve fitting by the method of least squares, fitting the lines y= a + bx and x = a + by,
Multiple regression, standard error of regression– Pharmaceutical Examples.
Sample, Population, large sample, small sample, Null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, sampling,
essence of sampling, types of sampling, Error-I type, Error-II type, Standard error of mean (SEM) -
Pharmaceutical examples
Parametric test: t-test (Sample, Pooled or Unpaired and Paired), ANOVA, (One way and Two way),
Least Significance difference

Non-Parametric tests: Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Friedman
Test
Introduction to Research: Need for research, Need for design of Experiments, Experiential Design
Technique, plagiarism
Graphs: Histogram, Pie Chart, Cubic Graph, response surface plot, Counter Plot graph.
Designing the methodology: Sample size determination and Power of a study, Report writing and
presentation of data, Protocol, Cohorts studies, Observational studies, Experimental studies, Designing
clinical trial, various phases.
UNIT – IV 8 Hours
Introduction to Practical components of Industrial and Clinical Trials Problems: Statistical
Analysis Using Excel, SPSS, MINITAB®, DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS, R - Online Statistical Software’s
to Industrial and Clinical trial approach
UNIT – V 7 Hours
Design and Analysis of experiments:
Factorial Design: Definition, 22, 23 design. Advantage of factorial design
Response Surface methodology: Central composite design, Historical design, Optimization
Techniques
Page 122 of 136


1. Pharmaceutical Statistics - Practical and clinical applications, Sanford Bolton, Publisher Marcel
Dekker Inc. New York.
2. Fundamental of Statistics – Himalaya Publishing House- S. C. Guptha
3. Design and Analysis of Experiments – PHI Learning Private Limited, R. Pannerselvam,
4. Design and Analysis of Experiments – Wiley Students Edition, Douglas and C. Montgomery
5. Bayya Subba Rao, Pharmaceutical Research Methodology and Bio-Statistics: Theory &
Practice, Pharma Med Press
6. Chowdary KPR, A Textbook of Research Methodologies and Biostatistics for Pharmacy
Students, Pharma Med Press
Page 123 of 136

PS802: SOCIAL AND PREVENTIVE PHARMACY
B.Pharm. IV Year II Sem. LTPC

310 4
Course Objectives: The purpose of this course is to introduce to students a number of health issues
and their challenges. This course also introduced a number of national health programmes. The roles
of the pharmacist in these contexts are also discussed.
Course Outcomes: After the successful completion of this course, the student shall be able to:
• Acquire high consciousness/realization of current issues related to health and pharmaceutical
problems within the country and worldwide.
• Have a critical way of thinking based on current healthcare development.
• Evaluate alternative ways of solving problems related to health and pharmaceutical issues
UNIT – I 10 Hours
Concept of health and disease: Definition, concepts and evaluation of public health. Understanding
the concept of prevention and control of disease, social causes of diseases and social problems of the
sick.
Social and health education: Food in relation to nutrition and health, Balanced diet, Nutritional
deficiencies, Vitamin deficiencies, Malnutrition and its prevention.
Sociology and health: Socio cultural factors related to health and disease, Impact of urbanization on
health and disease, Poverty and health
Hygiene and health: personal hygiene and health care; avoidable habits
Preventive medicine: General principles of prevention and control of diseases such as cholera, SARS,
Ebola virus, influenza, acute respiratory infections, malaria, chicken guinea, dengue, lymphatic
filariasis, pneumonia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cancer, drug addiction-drug substance abuse

National health programs, its objectives, functioning and outcome of the following: HIV and AIDS
control programme, TB, Integrated disease surveillance program (IDSP), National leprosy control
programme, National mental health program, National
programme for prevention and control of deafness, Universal immunization programme, National
programme for control of blindness, Pulse polio programme.
National health intervention programme for mother and child, national family welfare programme,
national tobacco control programme, national malaria prevention program, national programme for the
health care for the elderly, social health programme; role of *who in indian national program
UNIT – V 07 Hours
Community services in rural, urban and school health: Functions of PHC, Improvement in rural
sanitation, national urban health mission, Health promotion and education in school.

1. Short Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Prabhakara G N, 2nd Edition, 2010, ISBN:
9789380704104, JAYPEE Publications
2. Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine (Mahajan and Gupta), Edited by Roy Rabindra
Nath, Saha Indranil, 4th Edition, 2013, ISBN: 9789350901878, JAYPEE Publications
Page 124 of 136

3. Review of Preventive and Social Medicine (Including Biostatistics), Jain Vivek, 6 th Edition, 2014,
ISBN: 9789351522331, JAYPEE Publications
4. Essentials of Community Medicine - A Practical Approach, Hiremath Lalita D, Hiremath
Dhananjaya A, 2nd Edition, 2012, ISBN: 9789350250440, JAYPEE Publications
5. Park Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, K Park, 21st Edition, 2011, ISBN-14:
9788190128285, Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers.
6. Community Pharmacy Practice, Ramesh Adepu, BSP publishers, Hyderabad
7. K. Ravi Shankar, Social and Preventive Pharmacy, Pharma Med Press.
Page 125 of 136

PS803: NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
B.Pharm. IV Year II Sem. LT P C

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: This subject is designed to impart basic knowledge on the area of novel drug
delivery systems.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of the course student shall be able:

• To understand various approaches for development of novel drug delivery systems.
• To understand the criteria for selection of drugs and polymers for the development of Novel
drug delivery systems, their formulation and evaluation
UNIT – I 10 Hours
1. Controlled drug delivery systems: Introduction, terminology/definitions and rationale,
advantages, disadvantages, selection of drug candidates. Approaches to design-controlled release
formulations based on diffusion, dissolution and ion exchange principles. Physicochemical and
biological properties of drugs relevant to controlled release formulations
2. Polymers: Introduction, classification, properties, advantages and application of polymers in
formulation of controlled release drug delivery systems.
1. Microencapsulation: Definition, advantages and disadvantages, microspheres /microcapsules,
microparticles, methods of microencapsulation, applications
2. Mucosal Drug Delivery system: Introduction, Principles of bioadhesion / mucoadhesion,
concepts, advantages and disadvantages, transmucosal permeability and formulation
considerations of buccal delivery systems
3. Implantable Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction, advantages and disadvantages, concept of
implants and osmotic pump

1. Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction, Permeation through skin, factors affecting
permeation, permeation enhancers, basic components of TDDS, formulation approaches
2. Gastroretentive drug delivery systems: Introduction, advantages, disadvantages, approaches
for GRDDS – Floating, high-density systems, inflatable and gastroadhesive systems and their
applications
3. Nasopulmonary drug delivery system: Introduction to Nasal and Pulmonary routes of drug
delivery, Formulation of Inhalers (dry powder and metered dose), nasal sprays, nebulizers
Nanotechnology and its Concepts: Concepts and approaches for targeted drug delivery systems,
advantages and disadvantages, introduction to liposomes, niosomes, nanoparticles, monoclonal
antibodies and their applications
UNIT – V 07 Hours
1. Ocular Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction, intra ocular barriers and methods to overcome –
Preliminary study, ocular formulations and ocuserts
2. Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction, advantages and disadvantages, development
of intra uterine devices (IUDs) and applications
Page 126 of 136


1. Y W. Chien, Novel Drug Delivery Systems, 2nd edition, revised and expanded, Marcel Dekker,
Inc., New York, 1992.
2. Robinson, J. R., Lee V. H. L, Controlled Drug Delivery Systems, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York,
1992.
3. Encyclopedia of Controlled Delivery. Edith Mathiowitz, Published by Wiley Interscience
Publication, John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York. Chichester/Weinheim
4. N. K. Jain, Controlled and Novel Drug Delivery, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi, 1st
edition 1997 (reprint in 2001).
5. Tripathi Dulal Krishna, Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Pharma Med Press
Page 127 of 136

PS804: COMPUTER AIDED DRUG DESIGN (Open Elective - IV)

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: This subject is designed to provide detailed knowledge of rational drug design
process and various techniques used in rational drug design process.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to understand:
• Design and discovery of lead molecules
• The role of drug design in drug discovery process
• The concept of QSAR and docking
• Various strategies to develop new drug like molecules.
• The design of new drug molecules using molecular modelling software
UNIT – I 10 Hours
Introduction to Drug Discovery and Development: Stages of drug discovery and development
Lead discovery and Analog Based Drug Design
Rational approaches to lead discovery based on traditional medicine, Random screening, Non-random
screening, serendipitous drug discovery, lead discovery based on drug metabolism, lead discovery
based on clinical observation.
Analog Based Drug Design: Bioisosterism, Classification, Bioisosteric replacement. Any three case
studies
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR): SAR versus QSAR, History and development
of QSAR, Types of physicochemical parameters, experimental and theoretical approaches for the
determination of physicochemical parameters such as Partition coefficient, Hammet’s substituent
constant and Tafts steric constant. Hansch analysis, Free Wilson analysis, 3D-QSAR approaches like
COMFA and COMSIA.

Molecular Modeling and virtual screening techniques
Virtual Screening techniques: Drug likeness screening, Concept of pharmacophore mapping and
pharmacophore-based Screening
Molecular docking: Rigid docking, flexible docking, manual docking, Docking based screening. De
novo drug design.
Informatics & Methods in drug design: Introduction to Bioinformatics, chemoinformatics. ADME
databases, chemical, biochemical and pharmaceutical databases.
UNIT – V 07 Hours
Molecular Modelling: Introduction to molecular mechanics and quantum mechanics. Energy
Minimization methods and Conformational Analysis, global conformational minima determination.

1. Robert GCK, ed., “Drug Action at the Molecular Level” University Prak Press Baltimore.
2. Martin YC. “Quantitative Drug Design” Dekker, New York.
3. Delgado JN, Remers WA eds “Wilson & Gisvolds’s Text Book of Organic Medicinal &
Pharmaceutical Chemistry” Lippincott, New York.
4. Foye WO “Principles of Medicinal chemistry ‘Lea & Febiger.
Page 128 of 136

5. Koro lkovas A, Burckhalter JH. “Essentials of Medicinal Chemistry” Wiley Interscience.

6. Wolf ME, ed “The Basis of Medicinal Chemistry, Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry” John Wiley &
Sons, New York.
7. Patrick Graham, L., An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry, Oxford University Press.
8. Smith HJ, Williams H, eds, “Introduction to the principles of Drug Design” Wright Boston.
9. Silverman R.B. “The organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action” Academic Press New
York.
10. Durai Ananda Kumar T. Current Concepts in Drug Design. Pharma Med Press
Page 129 of 136

PS805: NANO TECHNOLOGY (Open Elective - IV)

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: To develop expertise regarding suitability and evaluation of nanomaterials, able
to apply the properties to the fabrication of nano pharmaceutical, evaluate the intensity of dosage forms
and availability for targeting and controlled delivery.
Course Outcomes: The students should be able to select the right kind of materials, able to develop
nano formulations with appropriate technologies, evaluate the product related test and for identified
diseases
UNIT – I
Introduction to Nanotechnology
a. Definition of nanotechnology
b. History of nanotechnology
c. Unique properties of nanomaterials
d. Classification of nanomaterials
.
UNIT – II
Synthesis of Nanomaterials
Methods for synthesis of:
a. Gold nanoparticles
b. Magnetic nanoparticles
c. Polymeric nanoparticles
d. Self – assembly structures such as liposomes, Niosomes, micelles, aquasomes and
nanoemulsions
UNIT – III
Biomedical applications of Nanotechnology
a. Nanotechnology products used for in vitro diagnostics
b. Applications in imaging and targeting.
UNIT – IV
Design of nanomaterials for drug delivery, pulmonary, nasal drug delivery, cardiovascular diseases and
localized drug delivery systems.
UNIT – V
Characterization, drug release and stability studies of nanomaterials

1. Nanomedicine and Nanoproducts: Applications, Disposition and Toxicology in the Human body,
Eiki Igarashi, CRC press. 2015
2. Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery Volume one and two: Nanoplatforms in Drug Delivery, Jose
L. Arias, CRC press
3. Nano: The Essentials: Understanding Nanosicence and Nanotechnology, T. Pradeep, Tata
McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 2008.
4. Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Properties and Applications, C. N. R. Rao, P.J. Thomas and G.U.
Kulakarni, Springer (2007)
5. Nanostructures and Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and Application, Guozhong Gao,
Imperial College Press (2004)
Page 130 of 136

6. Nano chemistry: A Classical Approach to Nanomaterials – Royal Society for Chemistry,

Cambridge, UK (2005)
7. Nanocomposite science and technology, pulickel M. Ajayan, Linda S. Schadler, paul V. Braun,
Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weiheim (2003)
8. Nanoscale materials in chemistry, Edited by Kenneth J. Klabunde, John Wiley & Sons, 2009
9. Nanoparticles as Drug carriers, Vladimir P Torchiling, Imperial College Press, USA, 2006
10. Introduction to Nano Science and Technologies, Ankaneyulu Yerramilli, BS Publications. 2016
11. Anjaneyulu Y. Introduction to Nano-Science and Technologies, Pharma Med Press.
Page 131 of 136

PS806: EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY (Open Elective - IV)

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: This subject is designed to impart the knowledge on preclinical evaluation of drugs
and recent experimental techniques in the drug discovery and development. The subject content helps
the student to understand the maintenance of laboratory animals as per the guidelines.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to,
• Appraise the regulations and ethical requirement for the usage of experimental animals.
• Describe the various animals and newer screening methods used in the drug discovery
• Understand the Research methodology to be followed Bio-statistical data interpretation of the
assays
UNIT – I
Laboratory Animals: Description and applications of different species and strains of animals. Popular
transgenic and mutant animals. Techniques for collection of blood and common routes of drug
administration in laboratory animals, Techniques of blood collection and euthanasia
UNIT – II
Preclinical screening models: Dose selection, calculation and conversions, preparation of drug
solution/suspensions, grouping of animals and importance of sham negative and positive control groups
UNIT - III
Preclinical screening models: for ANS activity, sympathomimetics, sympatholytics,
parasympathomimetics, parasympatholytics and skeletal muscle relaxants.
UNIT - IV
Preclinical screening models for diuretics, anticoagulants and anticancer activities
UNIT – V
Research methodology and Bio-statistics, Selection of research topic, review of literature, research
hypothesis and study design, Interpretation using Student’t’ test and One-way ANOVA. Graphical
representation of data.

1. Biological standardization by J.H. Burn D.J. Finney and I.G. Goodwin.
2. Screening methods in Pharmacology by Robert Turner. A.
3. Methods in Pharmacology by Arnold Schwartz.
4. Pharmacological screening methods and Toxicology by A Srinivasa Rao and N. Bhagya
Lakshmi
5. Fundamentals of experimental Pharmacology by M. N. Ghosh.
6. Experimental Pharmacology for undergraduates by M C Prabhakara.
7. Drug discovery and Evaluation by Vogel H. G.
8. Experimental Pharmacology by R. K. Goyal.
9. Preclinical evaluation of new drugs by S.K. Gupta.
10. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, S K. Kulkarni.
11. Practical Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, S K. Kulkarni, 3rd Edition.
12. Screening Methods in Pharmacology, Robert A. Turner.
13. Guidelines and Screening Methods of Pharmacology, Surendra H. Bodakhe, Pharmamed
Press.
Page 132 of 136

PS807: ADVANCED INSTRUMENTATION TECHNIQUES (Open Elective - IV)

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: This subject deals with the application of instrumental methods in qualitative and
quantitative analysis of drugs. This subject is designed to impart advanced knowledge on the principles
and instrumentation of spectroscopic and chromatographic hyphenated techniques. This also
emphasizes on theoretical and practical knowledge on modern analytical instruments that are used for
drug testing.
• Understand the advanced instruments used and its applications in drug analysis
• Understand the chromatographic separation and analysis of drugs.
• Understand the calibration of various analytical instruments
• Know analysis of drugs using various analytical instruments.
UNIT – I 10 Hours
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy
Principles of H-NMR and C-NMR, chemical shift, factors affecting chemical shift, coupling constant,
Spin - spin coupling, relaxation, instrumentation and applications
Mass Spectrometry - Principles, Fragmentation, Ionization techniques - Electron impact, chemical
ionization, instrumentation and applications.
UNIT - II 10 Hours
Thermal Methods of Analysis: Principles, instrumentation and applications of Thermogravimetric
Analysis (TGA), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
X-Ray Diffraction Methods: Origin of X-rays, basic aspects of crystals, X-ray Crystallography, rotating
crystal technique, single crystal diffraction, powder diffraction and applications.
UNIT - III 10 Hours

Calibration and validation-as per ICH and USFDA guidelines
Calibration of following Instruments
Electronic balance, UV-Visible spectrophotometer, IR spectrophotometer, Fluorimeter, Flame
Photometer, HPLC and GC
Radio immune assay: Importance, various components, Principle, different methods, Limitation and
Applications of Radio immuno assay
Extraction Techniques: General principle and procedure involved in the solid phase extraction and
liquid-liquid extraction
UNIT – V 07 Hours
Hyphenated techniques - LC-MS/MS, GC-MS/MS, HPTLC-MS.

1. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis by B. K Sharma
2. Organic spectroscopy by Y. R Sharma
3. Text book of Pharmaceutical Analysis by Kenneth A. Connors
6. Organic Chemistry by I. L. Finar
Page 133 of 136

7. Organic spectroscopy by William Kemp

10. Spectrophotometric identification of Organic Compounds by Silverstein
11. Liptak, Analytical Instrumentation, T&F
Page 134 of 136

PS808: NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS LAB

0 0 4 2
1. Study on diffusion of drugs through various polymeric membranes
2. Study on polymeric properties
3. Preparation and Evaluation of Microencapsules by different methods
4. Preparation and Evaluation of Mucosal Drug Delivery Systems
5. Preparation and Evaluation of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems
6. Preparation and Evaluation of Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems
7. Preparation and Evaluation of Buccal Drug Delivery Systems
8. Preparation and Evaluation of Osmotic Drug Delivery Systems
9. Preparation and Evaluation of Liposomes, Niosomes and Nanoparticles
Page 135 of 136

PROJECT WORK
The student should select a project work from the following areas and should work in respective
industries/departments to complete project. The project work done has to be presented as a report. The
student should present the findings of the project work in the college for final evaluation.
1. Formulation Development
2. Analytical Development
3. Chemical synthesis/Natural products
4. Pharmacological / toxicological screening
5. Pharmacovigilance
6. Herbal drugs, formulations and Analysis
7. Regulatory Affairs
8. Bioavailability, Bioequivalence, clinical students
9. Intellectual property management
10. Hospital Pharmacy
11. Community Pharmacy
12. Any project work related to Pharmacy profession
Reference Books
1) Tripathi Dulal Krishna, Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Pharma Med Press
Page 136 of 136

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R22 B.

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Effective from Academic Year 2022-23 Admitted Batch

5 PS305 Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry-II Lab 0 0 4 2

III Year I Semester

III Year II Semester

7 PS610 Pharmacology - III lab 0 0 4 2

*MC - Mandatory Course - Satisfactory/ Unsatisfactory.

PS101: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY - I

B. Pharm. I Year I Sem L T P C

UNIT – III 10 hours

TEXT BOOKS: (Latest Editions)

REFERENCE BOOKS: (Latest Editions)

PS102: PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS - I

B. Pharm. I Year I Sem L T P C

Course Objectives: Upon completion of the course student shall be able to

UNIT – III 10 Hours

TEXT BOOKS: (Latest Editions)

B. Pharm. I Year I Sem L T P C

UNIT – III 08 Hours

TEXT BOOKS: (Latest Editions)

PS104: PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

B. Pharm. I Year I Sem L T P C

Course Objectives: Upon completion of course, student shall be able to

UNIT – III 10 Hours

TEXT BOOKS: (Latest Editions)

HS105: COMMUNICATION SKILLS

B. Pharm. I Year I Sem L T P C

TEXT BOOKS: (Latest Editions)

BS106: REMEDIAL BIOLOGY

B. Pharm. I Year I Sem L T P C

UNIT – III 07 Hours

BS107: REMEDIAL MATHEMATICS

B. Pharm. I Year I Sem L T P C

UNIT – III 06 Hours

TEXT BOOKS: (Latest Edition)

PS108: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY- I Lab

B. Pharm. I Year I Sem L T P C

PS109: PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS - I Lab

B. Pharm. I Year I Sem L T P C

2. Assay of the following compounds along with Standardization of Titrant

3. Determination of Normality by electro-analytical methods

PS110: PHARMACEUTICS LAB

B. Pharm. I Year I Sem L T P C

3. Linctus a) Simple Linctus BPC

6. Powders and Granules

9. Gargles and Mouthwashes

PS111: PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - LAB

B. Pharm. I Year I Sem L T P C

Test for purity

Preparation of inorganic pharmaceuticals

HS112: COMMUNICATION SKILLS - LAB

B. Pharm. I Year I Sem L T P C

Basic communication covering the following topics

Pronunciations covering the following topics

BS113: REMEDIAL BIOLOGY LAB

B. Pharm. I Year I Sem L T P C

2. Study of cell and its inclusions

PS201: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-II