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Lab Module Torsion

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Lab Module Torsion

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© © All Rights Reserved
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MMJ10303 SOLID MECHANICS I

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS


COURSE
SOLID MECHANICS I
NAME

MMJ10303 / 3
COURSE MARKS
CODE SEM II 2023/2024

LAB MODULE
EXPERIMENT 1
TORSION

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MMJ10303 SOLID MECHANICS I

For your information.


Used hand writing to write this reports.
Used the front page cover being provided for the report.

EXPERIMENT 1
TORSION TEST
1. OBJECTIVES:

1.1 To understand the concept of mechanical properties of solid materials


1.2 To construct the shear stress-strain diagram based on Torsion Testing Machine
data
1.3 To understand the material behaviour under torsion mode
1.4 To understand how to determine:
• Shear modulus of elasticity, G
• Yield strength
• Tensile /ultimate strength
• Rupture stress / break point

2. INTRODUCTION

Many products and components are subjected to torsional forces during their operation. Products
such as shaft, switches, fasteners, and automotive steering columns are just a few devices
subject to such torsional stresses. By testing these products in torsion, manufacturers are able to
simulate real life service conditions, check product quality, verify designs, and ensure proper
manufacturing techniques. A torsion test can be conducted on most materials to determine the
torsional properties of the material. These properties are modulus of elasticity in shear, yield shear
strength, ultimate shear strength, and modulus of rupture in shear and ductility. The torsion test
generates the "torque versus angle" diagram that looks very similar to a "stress versus strain"
curve in a tensile test. They are not the same however they are analogous to properties that can
be determined during a tensile test

2.1 TORSION TEST

The most notable test that demonstrates the effects of shearing forces and resulting
stresses is the torsion test of a solid circular bar or rod. As a matter of fact, this test generates a
state of pure shear stress in the torsional loaded rod. Such a test is used to ascertain all the
major shear properties of metal materials, i.e., the ultimate shear stress, the yield shear stress
and the modulus of rigidity or shear modulus.

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MMJ10303 SOLID MECHANICS I

Figure 1

The applied torque (T) as shown in Figure 1, to the specimen and resulting deformation (angle of
twist,) are measured during the torsion test. These results are converted to shear stress ( )
and shear strain ( ) by the following respective equations:

Tc
t=
J

fc
g =
Lo
Where c is the radius of the solid circular rod, Lo is the length over which the relative angle of twist
is measured (this angle must be in radians) and J is the polar moment of inertia defined as follows:

p
J= c4
2

The shear modulus of elasticity is defined as the linear slope, of the shear stress-shear strain
relation, between zero shear stress and the proportional limit shear stress (defined below), i.e.,
Dt
G= , t £ t PL
Dg

This equation clearly states that the shear modulus, like Young’s modulus, is only valid for the
linear elastic range of the material

3. EQUIPMENT & MATERIALS

3.1 Torsion Testing Machine


3.2 Specimen – Round bar Mild Steel
3.3 Specimen – Round bar Aluminum
3.4 Vernier Caliper

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MMJ10303 SOLID MECHANICS I

Figure 2: Standard specimen-Round bar

4. PROCEDURE

4.1 Run the machine and loosen the four screws on the movable steel plate.
4.2 Measure the width and thickness of specimen and place the specimen on the supports.
4.3 Start the test until the specimen failed.
4.4 Record the DATA

5. EXPERIMENT ANALYSIS

5.1. Find the data for the specimen below:


a) Aluminium
b) Brass

• Original Dimensions
• Original Gauge Length (mm)
• Final Diameter (mm)
• Final Gauge Length (mm)

5.2. Construct a shear stress-shear strain curve from the torque-angle curve

• Construct the table tourqe-angle curve data


• Plot the graph torque-angle curves by utilizing spreadsheet software. The
torque is on the y-axis and angle is on the x-axis.
• Construct the table containing torque (N.m), Angle (deg), Shear Stress
(Mpa) and Shear Strain (rad). Compute the Shear Stress and Angle. Insert
on your own table.
• Plot the data points on the graph shear stress vs. shear strain and draw a
smooth curve through them.

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MMJ10303 SOLID MECHANICS I

5.3. Using the data from graph shear stress-strain diagram make following calculations (and
on the graphs, show how you made those calculations)

• Shear modulus of elasticity, G


• Yield strength
• Tensile /ultimate strength
• Rupture stress / break point

6. DISCUSSION

1. Discuss the importance of conducting torsional stress on a structure or machine


components.
2. Discuss the behavior of ductile material when subjected to torsional loading with the aid of
illustration of the normal stress strain curve

7. SUMMARY

Based on the experiment, write a brief summary (abstract). Include objective/ aim of the
experiment, methodologies, results, discussion and conclusion.

8. REFERENCE

Provide at least one reference. Internet reference accepted but no Wikipedia. Give full address
of the source

9. KEYWORDS

Any five words strongly related to the study

10. REPORT PREPARATION

Your report should be in summary paper format. The content includes:

• Title of experiment, names of group members, program


• Table of contents
• Abstract
• Introduction/ background study with reviews from credible sources.
• Experimental procedure/ methodology.
• Result and discussion.
• Conclusion
• References
• Appendix, if any

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