Communica

tive skills

Unit III

1
UNIT III
REGULATORY ASPECTS OF SPANISH
FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TEXTS

REGULATORY ASPECTS OF SPANISH

punctu
 ationThe tilde Inventory
Signs of AND THE TILDE READING SHEET 1

to. Punctuation marks

YO. REGULATIONS: PUNCTUATION MARKS

cacographic

According to the Royal Spanish Academy (2010), orthographic signs are those graphic marks that, not
being letters or numbers, are used in written texts to contribute to their correct reading and interpretation.
For this reason, punctuation marks allow us to give the exact meaning and appropriate intonation to the
content of a text. Well, those who do not accentuate or punctuate in their writing (essays, exams,
presentations, etc.) are usually people who only repeat the information rotely, without assimilating or
processing content.
Let us remember that a poorly punctuated text offers great difficulties for its understanding and quick
reading; Likewise, its contents could lend themselves to more than one interpretation.
Among the main signs we have:
POINT

According to the Royal Spanish Academy (2010, p. 293) “the main function of the period is to
mark the end of a statement, a paragraph or a text. This delimiting function is complemented by the
use of capital letters, which always marks the beginning of these units.”
There are three types of points: the full stop, the full stop and the final full stop.

a) The final point : its use b) The full stop: its use c) The full stop: its use
indicates that the content of indicates the separates the ideas that
the topic has been definitively separation of make up a paragraph.
concluded. paragraphs that make
up a text.

Table 1. Punctuation marks: The period

Source: self made
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PRACTICE 1
(TOPIC: REGULATIONS – THE POINT)

YO. Read the following text, then identify the place where the period y followed by a full stop should be
changed, and correct it.

As a natural resource, water is essential to preserve the life of all living beings on the planet, it occupies a
fundamental role since we find it in 70% of the planet, all known living beings in some way need water to
survive, and It is in the clouds, rivers, the sea, under the earth, in the air and even in our body in a high
percentage. This is necessary for animals, plants and human beings, hence the vital importance of preserving it
and trying not to waste it in order to preserve life on the planet. Animals and plants use water for the most basic
need of any living being, but humans use it for most activities and
needs that arise in their environment on a daily basis such as feeding, bathing, cooking food, among others; and
 this makes its importance transcendental, because like any natural resource it can become scarce. It is known
that water is a colorless, tasteless and odorless liquid; That is, it has no color, taste or smell when it is at its
highest degree of purity and is called potable water that can be drunk and mineral waters that generally come
from springs and are considered medicinal for certain ailments. Therefore, drinking water is essential for human
life, but it is scarce as the population increases and because it is unfortunately wasted by ignorant people
lacking a sense of responsibility and human solidarity. After air, water is the most necessary element for the
existence of man; For this reason, we must start acting and not just talking.
Watchyourplanet. (sf). Importance and preservation of water.
Retrieved from watchyourplanett.weebly.com

II. Read the following paragraphs and identify the full stop that has been used incorrectly to separate the
ideas; Finally, correct them as appropriate.

a) Quality of life is not living more, it is living better. And this is what we must pursue every day. Quality of
life is the result of a complex combination of many variables. That they achieve our well-being is a
concept that integrates the physical, mental and social well-being of each person and each social group.

b) Losing control and yelling at someone is a really unpleasant scenario. Above all, when the other person is
someone we know well, most of us have heard the recommendations to take a deep breath and try to stay
in our boxes. But it is not easy, that is why it is important that you discover how to avoid an argument and
not be the protagonist of the discord.

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c) So that family meals are as calm and relaxed as possible, without distractions on the part of the children or
desperation on the part of the parents. It is necessary to take into account some guidelines regarding food,
the schedule and the behavior that must be followed at the table before sitting down to eat, it is important
that
children know what we expect from them so that this is possible, it is advisable that we put into practice
some good habits such as good hygiene (washing hands before eating food), avoiding the use of
distracting devices (the telephone, television, etc.), eating food at established times, etc.

d) A nightmare is a bad dream that can make you feel fear, anxiety or confusion. But nightmares are not real
nor can they harm you. When you sleep, your brain doesn't turn off. But it still works. (…) That is why
your most vivid dreams – and your nightmares – occur in the early hours of the morning.

III. Read the text and separate the ideas with a full stop to make logical sense (remember to use a capital
letter after each point).

According to a study carried out by the University of Castilla la Mancha, gender diversity within a research team
contributes to the emergence of innovative solutions at the company and market level. In addition, forming mixed
teams of men and women also helps to increase competitiveness. work, published in the journal Innovation-
Management Policy & Practice, highlights that sexual diversity in R&D teams favors innovative dynamics that
lead to more ground-breaking changes.
To carry out their research, the team used information on the activities of companies from the Technological
Innovation Panel from a sample of 4,277 companies, 83% from the industrial sector and 17% from services.
When analyzing the data, they found a positive relationship between the mix of men and women, radical
innovation and a greater probability of carrying out more innovative developments and professional solutions.
According to Cristina Díaz García, principal researcher of the work at the University of Castilla la Mancha,
 “gender diversity provides different perspectives and knowledge whose combination offers a wider range of ideas
and, consequently, greater creativity when making decisions.” DíazGarcía points out that the implications of
study are multiple: “In the business environment, the results point to the need to recognize and value gender
diversity, which, in turn, could improve an organization's ability to attract and retain key personnel” in addition,
in his opinion, The inclusion of men and women “not only has implications in the areas of equity and equality,
but also provides greater effectiveness in teamwork.”
Hence, the study recommends that managers take into account the potential of forming teams with a greater
balance between men and women in technological sectors.

Otero, L. (sf). Mixing genres encourages innovation.

Recovered from https://www.muyinteresante.es/innovacion/articulo/la-mezcla-de-generos-fomenta-la
innovation-571395139111

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COMMA

It is the most used sign in the writing of our language (Spanish). It constitutes a brief pause within a
sentence, giving it a logical and grammatical meaning.

Cases Examples Write an example

1. Separate words or phrases with - Mario, Paolo, Juan, my parents and

the same equivalence (nouns, grandfather were present at my
adjectives, pronouns, graduation ceremony.
substantive phrases, etc.). ( - This student is kind, fond of sports,
respectful of his classmates.
Enumerative comma )
- I read, wrote and presented the work
very quickly.
- They promised me that they would
come look for me, that they would
bring me the gift and that then we
would go to the movies.

2. Substitute a verb to avoid - María works at the UPC; Jesus, at

redundancy, because it was UC.
already used previously. - We will write the report; you, the final
( Elliptical comma ) chapter of the project.

3. Separates a word, phrase or - My best friend's sister, who is a good

proposition that explains or professional, confessed to me that she
details information about the had financial problems.
core of the noun phrase, to - These awards, which grow year after
year both qualitatively and
give it greater precision. (
quantitatively, seek to publicly
Explanatory comma ) encourage and reward those projects.
- I forgot the keys on the car, the one
they gave me when I entered
university.
4. Notice an alteration in the usual - The lottery jackpot came into our
syntactic order of the lives when we needed it most.
components of the sentence; When we needed it most , the lottery
since the circumstantial moves jackpot came into our lives.
towards the beginning or
inside the sentence. - REFRÚTATE opened its doors in
( Hyperbatic coma or May 2009 with an investment that
circumstantial movement exceeded US$22,000.
coma ) REFRÚTATE , with an investment
that exceeded US$22,000 , opened its
doors in May 2009 .

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5. Separate the vocative. ( - I don't understand, son, how you
vocative comma ) could have left your studies at the
university.
- You, don't speak so loud.
- Yes, teacher.

6. It is used before the logical - First think, then answer. - You can
connector that separates take my laptop, but be very careful.
sentences (the most used are: - They picked a lot of strawberries,
therefore, then, but, but, but, although they were all stung by the bird.
because, in addition, although, - The sun is shining in my face, so I'll
so, so that, etc.) have to change seats.
(Comma of connectors) - He is at home, because he has the
light on.
Note: the comma is also used
after the logical connector, but - The latest proofs that have come from
it must be accompanied by the printer seem very clean ;
another punctuation mark that Therefore , I think it won't take me
precedes it and can be a long to review and return them.
semicolon or a full stop.
(; logical connector ,)
(. Logical connector , ) .

Table 2. Punctuation marks: The comma

Source: self made

PRACTICE 2
(TOPIC: REGULATIONS – THE COMA)

YO. In the following sentences, graph the commas where appropriate and support the why.

1. In recent years our country has become an important place for international concerts.

………………………………………………………………………………………..….… 2. At
that moment Julio, the head of the productivity area, told us that he would help us.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………..….…
3. The north winds that were very common in those parts upset tourists. ………….
…………………………………………………………………………………..….… 4. She is the most
beloved among my work colleagues.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
… 5. It gave us great joy after so many disappointments.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6.
The Impressionist Museum has works by Renior Degas Manet Monet etc.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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7. Gentlemen, it is never too late if happiness is good.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. My sister
who always takes longer than she should said she would be early.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9. The
administrative document memorandum serves to communicate, sanction, etc. within a company.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
… 10. In that beautiful region the rain cleans the leaves of the trees.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11.
The dangerous drug trafficker in the last stage of his life dedicated himself to revenge.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12. When
I have vacations I will travel with my family.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
… 13. After much thought he decided to start the company.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. Ana will be in charge of writing the documents; Pillar of putting together the file.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15.
Despite the high temperature they went outside.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16.
On Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays he works at his company; the other days at the university.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17. Pablo
listen to me.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
… 18. Ladies and gentlemen, the graduation ceremony is about to begin.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
… 19. However, not all is lost after yesterday's demonstrations.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
20. The budget is limited so we will have to make cuts.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

II. In the following sentences, graph the comma to indicate the omission of the verb. a)

Soccer was born in England; basketball in the United States.

b) Due to the problems in Venezuela, a large group migrated to Peru and others to Chile. c) Pepe, please

help me carry these books and Carmen the folders. d) Those who have an invitation through that door.
 e) Sleight of hand game of villains.

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III. Alter the usual place of the elements of the sentence and use the comma to notice this alteration. Guide
yourself by example.

Ex.
The children of the school will remain silent when the principal observes them . When the
principal observes them , the children of the school will remain silent.

a) The guests at the party remembered the various anecdotes about Octavio with a gesture of sadness.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Always use quotes “… ” and italics for textual quotations that do not exceed forty words.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
… c) I suffered an embarrassing accident due to watching the messages on my cell phone like a fool.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… d)
Dogs do not bark if They don't bother them.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
… e) They practice English whenever They have a chance.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

IV. Underline the explanatory phrases that have been included in the following sentences and graph the
comma accordingly.

a) American Grafitti film directed by George Lucas set out to recapture the fascinating lost reality of the era of
President Eisenhower.
b) The peasants with great attention and seriousness listened to the words of their leaders. c) Students with
grades lower than 11 will attend remedial programs. d) Since July 28, 2016, Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, the
president of Peru, took office after winning the general elections.

READING SHEET 5

b. Graphic accentuation or accent

Regarding the accent, the Royal Spanish Academy (2010) states the following:

The Spanish spelling system has a diacritical mark in the form of an oblique line (´), which, placed over a vowel,
indicates that the syllable of which said vowel is a part is the one that carries the prosodic accent of the word. This
sign is specifically called an accent, or graphic or spelling accent. The system of rules that regulates the use of the
accent makes it possible to reflect or know the prosodic accentuation of any word in the Spanish lexicon without
having to have seen it written or heard it previously. (p. 190)

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The rules of graphic accentuation or tilde

General rules
The accent in monosyllabic words

“Single-syllable words are never graphically accented, For example: month, good, gave, saw,
except in cases of diacritical accents.” (RAE, 2010, p. was, sun, now, faith, bread, well, etc.
231).

The accent in multisyllabic words

“The rules for using the accent in multisyllabic words are applied depending on whether they are acute,
flat, esdrújulas or sobresdrújulas.” (RAE, 2010, p. 231).

A) Tilde in “Acute words have an accent when they end For example: compass ,
words in the consonant graphemes “n” or “s”, or in reason , here , committee ,
acute the vowel graphemes “a, e, i, o, u”.” (RAE, maghreb , reviewed , igloo .
2010, p. 231).

B) Tilde in “Plain words are written with an accent in For example: Angel ,
plain words the following cases: referendum , thorax , pencil ,
etc.
- When they end in any consonant
grapheme, except “n” or “s”.

- When they end in more than one For example: cíbo rg , bíce ps ,
consonant grapheme. réco rds , etc.

-When they end in the grapheme “y”. For example : yoke and ,
(RAE, 2010, p. 232). yerse and .

C) Tilde in “The words esdrújulas and sobresdrújulas For example: analysis ,

words are always written with an accent.” (RAE, habitat , recite it, imagine it .
esdrújulas and 2010, p. 232).
oversdrújulas

The accent in words with vowel sequences

A) Tilde in words with diphthong

These words are - “In diphthongs formed by an open vowel For example:
marked according to followed by a closed vowel, the accent is ruffian , bonsai , fresh ,
general rules. written over the open vowel.” (RAE, 2010, p. guest , manure , etc.
237).

- “In diphthongs formed by two different For example:

closed vowels, the accent is placed over derr uí , vent iú n, etc.
the second vowel.” (RAE, 2010, p. 237).

B) Tilde in words with tripthong

Words with tripthong - In triphthongs, the accent is always placed For example:
follow the general over the open vowel. change ,
rules of the accent. appreciate , etc.
 9
C) Tilde in words with hiatus

Words with a hiatus - “Words that contain a hiatus formed by a For example: laugh ,
are marked according closed vowel (tonic) followed by an open ban , cry , etc.
to the following vowel always have an accent in the
guidelines:
closed vowel, regardless of the general
rules of the accent.” (RAE, 2010, p. 238).

- “Words that include any other type of hiatus For example: Ja é n,

are subject to the general rules of the chord ó n, zo ó logo,
accent.” (RAE, 2010, p. 238). oc é ano, etc.

Table 3. General rules of the accent

Source: self made

The diacritical accent

Regarding the diacritical accent, the Royal Spanish Academy (2010, p. 242) states that it has, within the
accentual system of Spanish, an exceptional character, because they are accented according to the function
they fulfill within the sentence context.

A) Diacritical accent in monosyllabic words

WORD WITH TILDE WITHOUT TILDE

You - Personal pronoun - Possessive adjective

Ex. You don't say anything. Ex. Your favorite course is Biology.

He - Personal pronoun - Article

Ex. He has seen it all. Ex. The course you are on is difficult.

My - Personal pronoun - Possessive adjective

Ex. Do it for me . Ex. I forgot my ID.

Yeah - Personal pronoun - Conjunction

Ex. She was proud of herself . - Ex. Study if you want to succeed in life.
Adverb of affirmation - Noun (musical note)
Ex. Yes, I will do it. Ex. He played that instrument in B
- Noun minor.
Ex. In the referendum, the yes vote won.

Tea - Noun (plant) - Pronoun

Ex. It has a tea plantation. Ex. Yesterday, I didn't see you at the
meeting.

Of - Form of the verb give - Preposition

Ex. Let him give you the book I lent him. Ex. They come from distant countries.

HE - Form of the verb to be and to know . - Pronoun

Ex. Be more responsible in your Ex. Luis prepared for the interview.
professional training.

Further - Adverb of quantity - Adversative conjunction (equivalent to

Ex. You can't ask for more . the word but )
- Conjunction with sum value Ex. Ex. I went to the bank, but I couldn't
There are ten more guests. pay the bill I owed.
 10
B) Diacritical accent in the words what, which(s), who(s), how, how, how much(s), when, where and
where
They are marked with - Interrogative or Ex. What did you have in the suitcase?
interrogative or exclamatory How hot!
exclamatory value; structures Which one do you like the most?
in addition, Who could be young again! How many
direct.
nouns years of professional experience do you
through a determiner have?, etc.
and in phrases or
expressions. - Interrogative or Ex. He asked what he had to do to go on
exclamatory vacation.
structures Tell me how long it's going to take.
Look how easy.
indirect.
You have to see how much the
population of your workers has grown.

- Nouns through a Ex. Explain to me well how and when that

determiner incident happened .
(usually the The what would be fixed and the how
much would be what would change.
article precedes
the ).

- Locutions or Ex. Stop thinking about what they will say

expressions and decide now.
You are not the one to prohibit whether or
not they enter the meeting.
On that point, see where I agree with you.

They are written - As Ex. I know the young woman you work with
without an accent pronouns .
when they function as I don't like the way he talks to me.
relative
relative pronouns or
when they function as
conjunctions. - As Ex. There are more poor people now than
conjunctions before. His decision was as risky as it was
effective.
The boss got all the praise, when his
assistants were the ones who did the
work.

C) Diacritical accent in the word AUN

Even with an accent Even without accent

Adverb that can be replaced by the word Adverb that can be replaced by the words UNTIL,
STILL . EVEN, ALSO, IN SPITE OF.

Ex. The package has not arrived yet . Ex. In the end everyone came, even those who
The unions are still meeting with the had said they would not go.
Government. Not even her father was able to convince her.

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Tilde in complex forms written in a single word
 Compound words In compound words formed by the Ex. emphasis,
fusion of two or more simple voices, twenty two,
all tonic elements, except the last one, basketball,
lose their accent. They are subject to rainbow, etc.
the general rules of the accent as if
they were simple voices. (RAE, 2010,
p. 273).

Adverbs Adverbs of this type are formed by Ex. politely,

ending in - adding the compositional element - weakly,
mind mente to an adjective. The graphic briefly,
accentuation of these adverbs always usually,
preserves the accent of the base etc
adjective, if it is the
carry. (RAE, 2010, p. 273).

Verb forms with When the pronouns (me, te, se, nos, os Ex. tell me, eat it,
pronouns se, lo, los, la, las, le, les) are postponed repent,
enclitics to the verb, they are written together etc
with it forming a single word. These
words
They are subject to the general rules
of the accent. (RAE, 2010, p. 274).

Complex shapes All the words that make up this type of Ex. reality-fiction,
formed by expression maintain the graphic historical-artistic,
several words accentuation that corresponds to them physical-chemical,
conjoined as autonomous voices, regardless of etc.
whether or not they retain their
prosodic accentuation in said situation.
(RAE,
2010, p. 275).

Tilde in capital letters

The use of capital letters does not exempt Ex. PERU A MAGNIFICENT COUNTRY
from putting the accent mark when required Ángel is the name of your oldest son.
by the rules. (RAE, 2010, p. 276).

Table 4. General rules of the accent

Source: self made

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PRACTICE 3
(TOPIC: NORMATIVE GRAMMAR – TILDE)
1. In the following words, graph the accent mark where it corresponds and justify why.
Hindus

Coloration

Syllable

Mast

Hostage

Clean

Water

Aquifer

Newly

Linguistics

despise

Pass it to me

derrui

Passerby

Line

Function

Only

So

Take care of yourself

Forceps

Commonly

Emphasis

Administration

Rainbow

Epic-lyrical

Couch

Paris-Berlin

Logical

Petroleum

Occurred
 Twenty two

Politely

Tell me

Help me

Fact-fiction

Entirely

Also

We expected

They had

We could

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2. In the following sentences, graph the accent mark where appropriate.

a) According to recent scientific studies, Hispanics living in the United States constitute the group most
affected by Alzheimer's.

b) In Japan, admission to universities is increasingly difficult; Likewise, success in professional life is a very
important social requirement.

c) Smell is a better option than the streets for abandoned children, since in these, they are exposed to
countless dangers.

d) According to the forecasts of various scientists, within fifty years, the poles will thaw and the surface they
currently occupy will be navigable.

e) Natural disasters increase the number of animals carrying parasites capable of producing very serious
pathologies in humans.

f) Some progress in science has meant the sacrifice of the researcher's own life, as is the case of Daniel
Alcides Carrion, who was inoculated with the Peruvian wart virus in order to find out how to
counteract this evil.

g) Metalinguistic uses are called those in which a term, an expression or a statement is used not to
communicate the message they contain, but to say something about them, to comment on them from a
linguistic point of view.

h) The word beekeeping is formed from the Latin terms apis “bee” and cultura “cultivation, breeding”.

i) When is the deadline to submit your documents?

j) I know you were in Paris, but when was it?

3. In the following sentences, underline the word that has the diacritical accent, graph it and justify why.

You can't ask for more than what you have.

 I already know what happened.

It's great that you're willing to move forward!

You and he will travel to support that investment project.

I told you that every day he has tea and milk for breakfast.

I don't know why he complains about everything.

If I say yes, you will stop insisting on me.

Where are we going? Because I lost the route.

You know that your job involves many financial details.

You added more sugar to your juice, but you don't know the
damage it does.

The new job is for him.

How did you carry out that analysis? Since, as you may see, I don't
know where to start.

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I only depend on myself, that's why I need that job.

Let them give you the document from that office to carry out the
procedure.

The more you know you should be simpler.

I still don't know how much money he needs to get out of the
financial problem he is in.

He beat cholesterol disease, you can too.

How I appreciate you coming!

I don't know how to explain that incident.

Could you tell me how many exams you have passed to get into
that job?

4. Read the texts, underline the words that require an accent and graph them.

Text 1

The origin of the most famous Halloween monsters

What is the origin of the popular creatures of the horror genre?

The night of October 31st marks one of the most famous holidays in Western culture, Halloween , which has
a tradition of dressing up as the most famous creatures of the horror genre.
This popular Halloween holiday has its roots in the ancient Celtic festival known as Samhain (pronounced
"sow-in"), which means "end of summer." This is the Celtic New Year, which coincides with the autumn
solstice.
During this magical night, it was believed, the dead walked among the living, although not in a sinister way,
but in a festive way. In fact, sacred festivals and rites were carried out that included communication with the
dead. One of the most famous customs was to place a candle in the window of homes, so that the dead could
find their place.
path.
Death is a natural reaction of terror for the human mind, due to the survival instinct. However, fear, which is
accompanied by high doses of adrenaline in the body, is associated with a very powerful experience, and a
strong sensation that many people enjoy.
Hence comes the custom of recreating the most terrifying creatures , associated with death, when October 31
arrives.
Every time the fans of this party strive more and more to achieve costumes that are as realistic as possible and
frighten those around them, always with the aim of having a good time and experiencing these strong, very
human emotions in the company.

Marcos, L. (sf). The origin of the most famous Halloween monsters.

Recovered from https://www.muyinteresante.es/cultura/arte-cultura/fotos/monstruos
halloween-origin-of-myth

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Text 2

Penectomy is the removal of the penis to treat penile cancer, a type of cancer that is not very common but
with a higher incidence in countries in South America, Africa and parts of Asia. When surgery is necessary, a
partial or complete penectomy is performed to remove the cancer and improve the patient's chances of
survival.
If the cancer is widespread in the tissue, penectomy will involve the complete removal of the penis along with
its roots, which extend into the pelvis. Although it does not affect the ability to urinate, if it leaves the body, a
new opening must be created between the anus and the scrotum so that the urine can be expelled.
Likewise, depending on how advanced the cancer is, it may also be necessary to remove the testicles, in which
case it is necessary to take testosterone supplements later.

Romero, S. (sf). What is penectomy?

Recovered from https://www.muyinteresante.es/salud/sexualidad/preguntas
answers/what-is-penectomy-611507630088

Text 3

Peruvian cuisine, considered one of the most privileged in the world, inherited from history its ingenuity, its
fusion and its flavor. The fusion of its cuisine is due to cultural exchange over time, where Spanish, African,
Chinese, Japanese and Italian immigration stand out. The variety of its dishes was born as the mestizaje grew
or as the migrants arrived at the port of Callao. Of the mestizaje, the unique anticucho de corazon stands out,
while the tacu-tacu and the carapulcra have African heritage.
The nutritious pastas arrived by Italian migrants, whose adaptations resulted in homemade dishes such as
green or red noodles. Ceviche, a Peruvian flagship dish, was born from the fusion with Japanese cuisine and
chaufa with Chinese cuisine. Finally, the Novo-Andean current boasts native ingredients served on a white
tablecloth; In this way, the national flavor with which we feel fully identified is rescued.
Ferrán Adriá, chef-owner of the El bulli restaurant in Spain, recognized as one of the best chefs in the world,
says: “I know the Peruvian cuisine has a lot of tradition and a great variety of products that would surprise
me. Traditional cuisine for Peruvians may be modern for us. “This makes it a very personal cuisine, with lots
of tradition but it is also open to change.” Juan Mari Arzak, chef-owner of the Arzak restaurant, distinguished
with three stars from the Michelin Guide, says: “Peru is one of the places I want to go. I have heard about
ceviche, about Peruvian potatoes, which are like jewels. I have read a lot about its gastronomy and I think it is
considered one of the great cuisines. It is a cuisine with heritage, that has roots, with a balanced diet.
Usually, cuisines evolve over time and some lose their richness due to the change in food, but in the
Peruvian cuisine this apparently has not happened, since the quality of its products has nothing to do
 with the price. They have very good markets and very good ingredients, an immense variety. You have
everything and a history that many people don't know comes from there.”
Promperú (2016). Peruvian gastronomy.
Recovered from https://www.peru.travel/es-lat/que-hacer/actual/gastronomia.aspx

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Unit III References

Royal Spanish Academy (2005). Pan-Hispanic Dictionary of Doubts. Recovered from

http://buscon.rae.es/dpd/srv/search?id=BapzSnotjD6n0vZiTp

Royal Spanish Academy (2010). Orthography of the Spanish language (1 ed.). Madrid: Espasa Libros, SLU
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