Computer's Science
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ScribdTranslationsComputer's Science
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ScribdTranslationsCOMPUTER'S SCIENCE
Computer sciences are those that cover the study of the theoretical bases of information and
computing , as well as their application in computing systems . [1] [2] [3] There are various fields or
disciplines within Computer Science or Computational Sciences; some emphasize specific results of
computation (such as computer graphics ), while others (such as computational complexity theory)
relate to properties of the algorithms used when performing computations. Others, for their part,
focus on problems that require the implementation of computations. For example, studies in
programming language theory describe a computation, while computer programming applies
specific programming languages to develop a solution to a particular computational problem.
Computing refers to the automated processing of information in a useful and timely manner. The
theoretical nature of this science should not be confused with other practical aspects such as the
Internet.
The history of computer science predates the invention of the modern digital computer . Before
the 1920s , the term computer referred to a human being that performed calculations. [5] The first
researchers in what would later become computer science were interested in the question of
computability: what things can be computed by a human being who simply follows a list of
instructions with pencil and paper, for any length of time. necessary, naively and without prior
knowledge of the problem. Part of the motivation for this work was to develop machines that
compute, and that could automate the tedious and error-ridden work of human computing.
As a recent discipline, there are several alternative definitions for computer science. This can be seen as a form of science,
mathematics or a new discipline that cannot be categorized following current models.
Computer science frequently intersects with other areas of research, such as physics and linguistics . But it is with mathematics that it
is considered to have a greater degree of relationship. This is evidenced by the fact that early work in the area was heavily influenced
by mathematicians such as Kurt Gödel and Alan Turing . Today there continues to be a useful exchange of ideas between both fields in
areas such as mathematical logic , category theory , domain theory , algebra and geometry .
Another point to note is that despite its name, computer science rarely involves the actual study of the machines known as computers.
In fact, renowned scientist Edsger Dijkstra is widely cited for saying "Computer science is as little related to computers as astronomy
is to telescopes." Due to this, it was proposed to find a defined name for this emerging science, which would avoid the relationship
with computers.
A first proposal was that of Peter Naur, who coined the term datalogy, to reflect the fact that the new discipline was fundamentally
concerned with the processing of data, regardless of the tools of said processing, whether computers or mathematical devices. The first
scientific institution to adopt the name was the Department of Datatology at the University of Copenage, founded in 1969, with Peter
Naur himself being the first professor of datatology. This name is mainly used in Scandinavian countries. Likewise, in the early days, a
large number of terms appeared associated with computing practitioners. In this list you can see those suggested in ACM journals and
communications: thuringenier, turologist, flow-charts-man, applied metamathematician, and applied epistemologist.
The design and development of computers and computing systems is generally considered a
field claimed by disciplines outside of computer science. For example, the study of
hardware is usually considered part of computer engineering , while the study of
commercial computer systems and their development is usually called information
technology (IT) or information systems . However, there is a close communication of ideas
between the different disciplines related to computers. Computer science is often criticized
by other groups who consider it insufficiently rigorous and scientific. This opinion is
captured in the expression: "Science is to computer science as hydrodynamics is to
plumbing", attributed to Stan Kelly-Bootle and others like him. Research in computer
science is usually also related to other disciplines, such as cognitive science , physics (see
quantum computing ), linguistics, etc.
The relationship between computer science and software engineering is a much-discussed
topic, with disputes over what the term " software engineering" really means and how
computer science is defined. Some people believe that software engineering would be a
subset of computer science. Others, for their part, taking into account the relationship
between other scientific and engineering disciplines, believe that the main objective of
computer science would be to study the properties of computing in general, while the
objective of software engineering would be to design specific computations to achieve
practical objectives, which would become different disciplines. This point of view is
maintained, among others, by (Parnas 1998). There are even others who maintain that
software engineering could not exist.
