Types of texts Characteristics

The story: It is a prose story of fictional events. It

LITERARY TEXTS: consists of three perfectly differentiated
They are texts that privilege the message for the moments: it begins by presenting an initial state
message itself. They are primarily interested in of balance, continues with the intervention of a
how the different elements of language are force, with the appearance of a conflict, which
combined according to aesthetic canons to give gives rise to a series of episodes, and closes with
an impression of beauty. the resolution of that conflict that allows , in the
final state, the recovery of the lost balance.

The novel: It is similar to the story but has more

characters, a greater number of complications,
and longer passages of descriptions and
dialogues.

The play: The literary texts that we know as

plays (dramas, tragedies, comedies, skits, etc.)
weave different stories, develop various conflicts,
through the linguistic interaction of the
characters, that is, through the conversations that
take place between the participants, in the
communicative situations recorded in the fictional
world constructed by the text.
These texts are organized into acts, each act
contains, in turn, different scenes, determined by
the entrances and exits of the characters and/or
different scenes, which correspond to changes of
scenery.

The poem: Literary text generally written in

verse, with a very particular spatialization: the
short lines and groupings in stanzas give
relevance to the blank spaces and, then, the text
emerges on the page with a special silhouette
that prepares us to enter in the mysterious
labyrinths of figurative language.
Rhythm - that regular and measured movement -
which uses the sound value of words and pauses
to give musicality to the poem, the verse is a
rhythmic unit made up of a metric series of
phonic syllables.
Let us remember that to measure the verses
we must pay attention only to the sound length of
the syllables.
Rhyme is a distinctive but not mandatory
characteristic of verses, since there are verses
without rhyme.
The stanzas group verses of equal measure and
two different measures combined regularly.

The news: Transmits new information about

Journalistic texts: Texts that are designated as events, objects or people.
journalistic texts due to their carrier (they have The news is presented as complete information
newspapers, newspapers, magazines as units , which contain all the data necessary for
supports) show a clear predominance of the the reader to understand the information without
informative function of language. They make having to resort to previous texts.
known the most relevant events at the time they The news is written in the third person. The editor
occur. must stay away from what is being said, which is
They propose to disseminate the news that why it is not permitted to use the first person
occurs in different parts of the world on the most singular or plural.
diverse topics. This text is characterized by its demand for
Advertising is a constant component of objectivity and truthfulness: it strictly presents the
newspapers and magazines to the extent that it data.
allows them to finance their edition. But
advertising texts not only appear in newspapers The opinion article: Contains comments,
but also have other widely known carriers such evaluations, expectations about a current topic
as posters, brochures, etc., which is why we will that, due to its significance at the national or
refer to them in another section. international level, is already considered or
deserves to be installed as an object of debate .
The editorials express the position adopted by
the newspaper or magazine in accordance with
its ideology, while the signed articles and
columns transmit the opinions of their editors,
which is why we often find divergent and even
antagonistic opinions on the same page.
To interpret these texts it is unavoidable to
unravel the ideological position of the author,
identify the interests to which he responds and
specify under what circumstances and for what
purpose the information presented was
organized.

The interview: Like the report, it is preferably

configured through a conversational plot, but it
frequently combines this fabric with descriptive
and argumentative threads.
It allows, then, greater freedom since it does not
strictly conform to the question-answer formula
but stops at comments and descriptions about
the interviewee, and transcribes only some
fragments of the dialogue, indicating with lines
the change of interlocutor.

The definition
It expands the meaning of a term, through a
descriptive plot, which clearly and precisely
TEXTS OF SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION: This establishes the generic and differential characters
category includes texts whose contents come of the object to which it refers. This description
from the field of science in general. The contains a configuration of elements that are
references of the texts that we are going to semantically related to the term to be defined
develop are located both in the social sciences through a process of synonymy.
and
in the natural sciences. The encyclopedia note
 It presents, like the definition, a base theme and
an expansion of the descriptive plot, but it is
differentiated from it by the organization and
breadth of this expansion.

The experiment report

It contains a detailed description of a project that
consists of manipulating the environment to
obtain new information. That is, they are texts
that describe experiments.

The monograph
Analytically and critically structures the
information collected from different sources about
a given topic.
Monographic texts do not necessarily have to be
prepared on the basis of bibliographic
consultations, since other sources can be used,
such as, for example, the testimony of the
protagonists of the events, of qualified witnesses,
or of specialists on the subject.
They require rigorous selection and coherent
organization of the data collected.

The biography
It is a narration made by someone about other
people's lives. When the author tells his own life it
is an autobiography.
These texts are frequently used in school to
present the life or some decisive stages of the
existence of characters.
Biographical data is generally arranged
chronologically.

The historical story

It is a narrative that reports about past events.

The historical narrative establishes relations of

continuity between verifiable facts that, when they
appear intrinsically linked to each other by the
thread of the narrative, constitute an intelligible
whole.

The recipe and instructions

We will refer to cooking recipes and texts that
INSTRUCTIONAL TEXTS contain instructions for organizing a game, doing
These texts give precise guidelines for carrying an experiment, building an artifact, making a
out the most diverse activities, such as playing, piece of furniture, fixing an object, etc.
preparing a meal, caring for plants or pets, using These texts have two parts that are generally
an electronic device, fixing a car, etc. distinguished based on spatialization: one
 contains lists of elements to use (list of
ingredients in recipes, materials that are
manipulated in an experiment, instruments to fix
something, different parts of an apparatus , etc.)
and the other, develops the instructions.

The letter
EPISTOLARY TEXTS Letters can be constructed with different plots
Epistolary texts seek to establish written (narrative and argumentative) around the
communication with an absent recipient, who is different functions of language (informative,
identified in the text through the heading. expressive and appealing).
These texts recognize as the carrier that piece of
paper that is metonymically called a letter, Application
obituary or request, in relation to the It is addressed to a recipient who, in that
characteristics of the text it contains. communicative situation established by the letter,
Its components are: the heading, which states is invested with authority to the extent that he or
the place and time of production, the recipient she possesses something or has the possibility of
data and the processing formula used to granting something that is considered valuable by
establish contact; the body, part of the text where the issuer: a job, a vacancy at a school. , etc.
the message is developed, and the farewell,
which includes the greeting and the signature,
through which the author is introduced into the
text.

Cartoon
HUMOROUS TEXTS It constitutes one of the most widespread
They are primarily oriented to provoke laughter varieties of the narrative plot with an iconic base:
through linguistic and/or iconographic resources it combines the flat image with the written text
that alter or break the natural order of facts or and the verbal and iconic elements are integrated
events, or deform the features of the characters. from a specific code.
The most frequent resources are mockery, irony, This type of text seeks the active participation of
satire, caricature, and sarcasm. the reader through emotional, unsystematic,
anecdotal and concrete means.
The advertisement
ADVERTISING TEXTS This advertising text, which appears in
These texts, which are closely related to the newspapers, magazines, posters, advertising
expectations brochures, etc., can adopt different plots:
and the concerns of the community, are the narrative, argumentative, descriptive or
typical indicators of the consumer society: they conversational, and frequently combines the
inform about what is sold with the intention of verbal with the iconic in a relationship of
making the recipient feel the need to buy. complementarity that increases the meaning. .
The information is partial to the extent that they
present only the positive, since they seek to The poster
transform what is offered into an object of desire. In our daily lives we often find ourselves in
streets, businesses, cinemas, theaters, etc., with
short texts placed on cardboard, cardboard, large
papers, specially constructed to promote a place,
a product, an activity, a character. .

The brochure
Like the poster, the brochure tries to create in the
recipient the need to purchase a product, visit a
place, participate in an event, share a meeting,
etc., based on the description of the features or
aspects valued as positives of the promoted item.