XVI FORUM OF SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUE.

Generalization.

Title:• Instrument Recovery

Musicals

Author: " Alaín Cobas Silva.

Co-author :•Antonio Figueredo

Ricardo.

Center of origin: "Sectorial" of cul

ture. Banes.
 INDEX

Denomination.
P.

SUMMARY............................................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................4
DEVELOPMENT...................................................................................................................................7
TRUMPET..............................................................................................................................................8
BATTERY............................................................................................................................................11
TUBA....................................................................................................................................................12
USED MATERIALS............................................................................................................................13
METHODS...........................................................................................................................................13
1.
 SUMMARY.

The work presented below is the result of the recovery of

musical instruments discontinued due to serious technical defects.
Due to the problems presented as a result of wanting to form the
Municipal Concert Band of the Banes Municipality, due to the arrest
rioro and the lack of musical instruments and the lack of a state
institution that would resolve the terrible situation of the same mos,
we set ourselves the task of recovering all the instruments as were
possible according to available resources. For this, own resources
that were easily acquired were used. These are Hydrochloric Acid,
tin and bronze. The methods used were manual or manufacturing
repair since the devices were built for this purpose.
With the results obtained, it was possible to recover the instru
ments that were necessary to be used in the concert band, and the
benefits were extended to other institutions tions and groups of the
province generalizing the recovery ration of the instruments in the
Eastern Army Band, the Brisas de Nipe de Antilla orchestra, the
Bani de Banes orchestra and in the concert band school of the
province located in the municipality, in the social order a great
impact was obtained proportionally providing magnificent benefits
to all the musicians of the aforementioned groups, being able to
optimally use playing their musical instruments and making
possible the development llo of cultural activities to our population.
We recommend keeping the work done in the groups tions already
benefited from the solution, generalize our work down to all the
provinces of our country solving the lack of musical instruments in
institutions and groups
who need it, to continue rescuing Cuban culture na since without
instruments music cannot be developed and this is part of it,
contributing once again to the massification of our culture as part of
the current programs. tuals of our revolution. .
 INTRODUCTION

Since ancient times, man has developed the ability ability to

produce music and with this he also had to develop well the quality
of the instruments in charge of producing it. Nowadays, the
construction of these is becoming very sophisticated and therefore
there is a greater variety of them on the market, but due to the
economic situation that our country presents and the aggravation of
the blockade imposed by the United States, it is It makes it difficult
for us to acquire them.

Instruments, like any other type of mechanism or technology,

have different ways of being manufactured, for example, each
country or factory has its own formula or secret of the
manufacturer. sing, everyone does it seeking to have their own
production label tion, then varying in many cases the percentages
in the alloys up to limits that vary the quality of the equipment. pos
and music, in other cases it is about manufacturing the instruments
at a minimum cost to guarantee the economy of the company and
invade all markets.

They are manufactured in several series, with different

qualities, the first Mera, which is the most expensive, has a greater
sound, tunes tion and durability, the second can decrease in
loudness and last bility and the market cost is lower. The others are
manufactured in large batches for easy acquisition, which do not
have the same quality but are useful for instruction as they meet the
minimum requirements for use.

Each manufacturer has a base material which is bronze, from

there they begin to make alloys which will finalize the future quality
of the instruments. The processes cans to which they are subjected
greatly influence their durability since there are many pieces of
equipment that are very heavy compared to a similar one, but this
has been formed in a rolling mill, which makes it acquire better
mechanical properties, guaranteeing better quality of the product in
the market.
 Musical instruments have to be as exact as possible since the
quality of the music depends on it and if it is They are affected by
knocks, breaks, etc., the sound quality is lost. The instruments
Aerophones which is the name for iden tify any wind instrument is
generated by a column of enclosed air. The main families of instru
Aerophones are metal ones (Trumpet, Horns, Trom bones, Tubas)
and wood (Flutes, Oboes, Clarinets, Bassoons). The height of the
sound depends on the length of the tube and whether its end is
open or closed. The timbre depends on the shape of the
embouchure and the bell among other things and when blowing,
different harmonics are produced.

The Tuba, in Latin Trumpet, is the lowest instrument of the

brass family, its tube has a conical section, it has three or four
valves, a cup mouthpiece, a vertically wound tube. lime and pavilion
directed upward.

The Trombone, a brass wind instrument with a cylindrical section

tube, cup mouthpiece and slide mechanism.

The Trumpet, a brass wind instrument that produces sounds

nests by the vibration of the performer's lips with the mouthpiece.

The Euphonium is a type of Tuba that has low sounds and three
pistons.

Clarinets and Saxophones are also part of the instru ments that
are used successfully in music bands.

The Battery, the name given to a series of instru percussion

elements characteristic of a Modern Orchestra suffer breakages that
often disable the instruments and take them out of service due to
their technical state, which is why solutions must be sought to
restore their useful life and one of those ways is, the one that is
developed in this work.

All these types of instruments are used in musical bands, both

concert and popular music, so they are necessary for the enjoyment
of the music they group together. tions they offer us. The breakage
of these instruments results in their limited availability in the
execution. tion of the necessary notes in the rhythm of our music,
which is why its acquisition or repair is necessary. Due to this
problematic situation, the following questions arise:

How to contribute to the uninterrupted operation of Ban Concert

days and musical groups whose instruments break without the
possibility of acquiring new ones?

To achieve this, we set ourselves as our main objective: to recover

uti using appropriate technologies and instruments musical
instruments.

Aiming at the construction of musical instruments them and as a

field their repair.
To do this, we set ourselves the following tasks:

^ Carry out a bibliographic review of the construction of musical

instruments, looking mainly at: construction methods,
materials used and most used tools.

^ Repair instruments and restore their useful life with ca required

quality.

^ Carry out a defect to determine which instrument breaks occur

most frequently and the cause of them.
 DEVELOPMENT

The work of Recovery of Musical Instruments is carried out was

done in the following way:
^ A defect was made for each of the instruments.
^ Possible variants were analyzed for recovery.
^ The necessary resources were sought for each of them.
^ A selection of the tools to be used was made and some devices
were built to guarantee the work low to perform.
^ The instrument was recovered ensuring that the parame initial
construction requirements will be respected.
^ The corresponding final cleaning and settlement was carried
out.
^ The instrument was tested in real function.

To carry out this work, the following were taken into account: three
aspects:
^ Material of which musical instruments are made to recover
them.
^ Hardness and shaping of the pieces,
^ Type of thermal treatment to which these materials are
subjected them.
^ Lubricants used to ensure the proper functioning of the
instrument.
^ Construction technical parameters of mu instruments sicales.
^ Defective and solutions given to each of the defects coughs or
breaks that the recovered instruments have.
 TRUMPET.
DEFECTS.

1. In the Bell: cup hit, almost total obstruction due to duct to a blow
in the middle of the bell with a hole due to wear and tear from
hand sweat and saliva, assembly ring bell ble and cracked
pistons.
2. Air inlet pipe: pipe split into two sections, hole due to wear and
tear from sweat and saliva, in the assembly with the alignment
pump pipe.
3. Tuning Pump: Crooked and out-of-lug coupling pump gar.
4. Small cleaning pump: Blow and hole caused by sa liva.
5. Split Link: Bell link with split piston and inlet pipe.
6. Piped Piston Liner Connections: Pro Orifice caused by the wear
and tear of sweat and saliva.
7. Piston recovery: saliva wear of the inner holes of the piston.

SOLUTIONS.

1. In straightening the cup we use a plastic hammer, straightening

the bell using a wooden bushing (on our own initiative) and a
plastic hammer. The holes were covered with a metal patch,
made of the same material as the instrument, and were soldered
with tin. Ties by welding the connecting ring.
2. The inlet pipe hole was closed using a couple metal che and
soldered with tin, inlet pipe connection soldered.
3. Straightening the tuning pump by disassembling it, straightening
it manually and with pliers, and connecting welded tada.

4. Straightening the small pump using the hammer and spade metal
ring (own initiative).
5. Links straightened by pliers and soldered in the same way as
above.
6. Welded metal patch.
7. welded metal patch.

SAXOPHONES.
DEFECTS.
1. Bell struck.
2. The towers broken and unwelded.
3. The keys broken and unsoldered by blows.
4. Leadpipe, beaten, bent key base, socket misaligned assembly.

SOLUTIONS.
1. Straightened with plastic hammer, tweezers and wooden
accessories.
2. Remove solder, prepare edges and solder.
3. Straightened by means of tweezers and the items, tied uti
removing the solder or replacing it with others that have c
adapted from another saxophone (of different brands and
different current positions)
4. Remove welding, straightening using plastic hammer, pliers and
wooden bushing.

THE BASS HORN.

DEFECTS.
1. Split and unwelded bra.
2. Locked pistons.
3. Broken and unsoldered links.
4. Misaligned, bumped and jammed pumps.
5. Bell struck.

SOLUTIONS.
1. Remove solder, prepare edges and solder.

2. Cleaning with orange liquid and softening with grease.

3. Remove solder, prepare edges and solder.
4. Cleaning with orange liquid and softening with grease. The
bumps were removed with a fiber bushing and a plastic
hammer.
5. Hammer straightening (metal and plastic) and access rivers of
wood and metal.

CLARINET.
DEFECTS.
1. Crooked and broken washers.
SOLUTION.
1. Straightening using tweezers, and tied games using ing the
solder, replacing them with others that have been adapted
from another clarinet (of different brands and differ three
positions).

TROMBONE.
DEFECTS.
2. Tuning Pump: Curved top hit and de aligned.
3. Hood and pipe link: the top link comes out neated, bottom link
broken and misaligned.
4. Lower bar curved pipe. Open outlet due to lack of valve, holes
caused by impacts and material wear due to saliva, curved
pipe connection with the bar misaligned and out of place with
cracks.
5. The bar: hits on the bar.
6. Bar cover: bumps on the bar, holes on the top worse due to
wear and tear due to sweaty hands.
7. The bell: knocks on the glass, knocks in the middle of the bell.
8. Defects in the transposer.

SOLUTIONS
1. Straightened with metal spars and a plastic and metal hammer,
and wood and fiber bushings.
2. Remove solder, straighten and solder. He laughed They make
ties.
3. The lower curved pipe: remove welding, straightening with
metal spades, metal and plastic hammers.
4. straightened with fiber bushings and hammer.
5. Sealed the holes with metal patches.
6. Straightened using fiber bushings.
7. Straightened using fiber bushings, hammer and sealing of the
holes with metal patches.
8. Using a hammer and wooden bushings.
9. Remove welds from transceiver and replaced with link ce for
counterweight.

SAXHORN
DEFECTS.
1. La Campana: Cracks caused by metal wear, friction and blows
2. Pistons: locked pistons
3. Pumps: Jammed and misaligned
4. The links: The links of the split and discharge pumps neadas.

SOLUTIONS.
1. The cracks were straightened using the hammer and access
pieces of wood and metal, welded with patches of the same
material.
2. Softened with lubricating liquids and washed with orange
juice.
3. Softened with lubricating liquids and washed with orange
juice.
4. Repaired and welded.

BATTERY

DEFECTS.
1. The cymbals cracked by blows.
2. Stems broken at the base and arms of the cymbals.
3. Pedal without springs, without regulator, without straps, the
rod of the split mass, loss of thread pitch in the screws and in
the internal threads of the pedal.
4. The wooden bass drum hoop, broken.

SOLUTIONS
5. Trimmed with metal scissors, reducing the dimensions of the
saucer.
6. Gas welding and riveting are used, the arms are drilled to a
larger diameter and the thread is ground.
7. The spring is replaced with another one with similar
characteristics, a regulator is built and inserted, replacing the
one that is missing, the belt is replaced by a chain, the dough
rod is replaced with another one that is manufactured for the
purpose. To, replace the screw and grind the internal thread
for the new screw, being able to use the one that is eliminated
in other musical equipment.
 8. Tied with metal sheets and riveted.

Work carried out on equipment that was assigned this year and
has already suffered breakage.

TUBA.

FLAW.
1. Blow on the top of the piston caused by a fall.
2. Solution.
3. Straightened and returned to its original shape using tools
manufactured for restoration.

All the work carried out was done manually, always taking into
account the operating principles of each of the instruments.

Of the new teams that have arrived at the Municipal Band,

arrangements have already been made for the following:

1. The Tuba: Locking sleeve and piston.

2. The Trumpet: Blocking of shirt and piston and
bang to the
Campaign.

Other Municipalities

Solutions to various instruments of the Municipal Band, the Eastern

Army, the Antilla Municipality and other groups.
 USED MATERIALS

The materials used to carry out this work were the following:
following:
ÿ Hydrochloric Acid.
ÿ Tin.
ÿ Bronze.

METHODS

The methods that were applied were:

ÿ Cold rolled.
ÿ Hot rolled.
ÿ Welding with autogen.
ÿ Shear cutting.
ÿ Polished.
 TECHNICAL ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

These instruments that were recovered are manufactured abroad

and imported by the Cuban state in order to guarantee continuity in
the learning and development process. development of Cuban
culture.

The price of these instruments in the international market

fluctuates depending on their quality. The prices that are known
according to instruments purchased by current musical groups
range between the following values.

Official price of repaired instruments.

The bass horn: $ 3 000.00 - $4 000.00 USD

The Trombone: $ 700.00 - $800.00 USD
The trumpet: $ 300.00 - $600.00 USD
The Euphonium: $ 700.00 - $800.00 USD
The clarinet: $ 500.00 - $800.00 USD
Saxophones: $ 1 200.00 - $2 400.00 USD
Battery: $ 1 200.00 - $1 400.00 USD

Taking as price the average value of each of the ins instruments we

obtain that:

The bass horn: $ 3 500.00 USD

The Trombone: $ 750.00 USD
The trumpet: $ 450.00 USD
The $ 700.00 USD
Euphonium: $ 650.00 USD
The Clarinet: $ 1 300.00 USD
Saxophones: $ 1 300.00 USD
Drums:
TOTAL: 8 650:00 USD

Total Instruments and their costs.

1 Tuba 3500 USD

3 Thrombus 2250 USD
nes
4 Trumpets 1800 USD
1 Euphonium 700 USD

2 Clarinet 1300 USD

4 Saxophones 5200 USD
1 battery 1300 USD
Total 16050 USD

Total Instruments Repaired and expenses

1 Tuba $ 2.86
3 Thrombus $ 2.86
nes
4 Trumpets $ 2.86
1 Euphonium $ 2.86

2 Clarinet $ 2.86
4 Saxophones $ 2.86
1 battery $ 2.86
Total $ 20.02

Note: I must point out that to repair these 16 instruments I only

spent 20 pesos in national currency, since the substances and
materials I used were acid, tin, bronze and easily available current.
tion and minimum cost as I explain in the previous table.

By recovering these instruments you save:

The sum of the price of each of the instruments is: $8,650.00

When restoring the useful life of the equipment, we will deduct

the gas costs incurred to carry out said work.

Used materials:

Hydrochloric acid.
Tin.
Bronze.

Work time used:

To recover the instruments, an average time of 1:30 hours was

used, which represents that for the recovery of the total of the
instruments that are exposed it is 10:30 hours. Taking into account
that a well-paid worker receives a salary of $10.00 per 8:00 hour day,
we then have that the salary expense would be $12:87 in national
currency. Converting this salary at an exchange rate of 1:1 with res
Regarding the MLC it would be $12:87 USD.

Their value due to the tiny amount that was Add up we are going to
appreciate it at $10.00 - $20.00 USD. Therefore, the economic effect
is very close to that of the price of an instruction. ment in perfect
condition. Therefore the economic effect is: 16,050 usd - $20.02 -
$12.87 = $16,017.11

With the results obtained, it was possible to recover the instru

ments that were necessary to be used in the concert band, and the
benefits were extended to other institutions tions and groups of the
province generalizing the recovery ration of the instruments in the
Eastern Army Band, the Brisas de Nipe de Antilla orchestra, the
Bani de Banes orchestra and in the concert band school of the
province located in the municipality, in the social order a great
impact was obtained proportionally providing magnificent benefits
to all the musicians of the aforementioned groups, being able to
optimally use playing their musical instruments and making
possible the development llo of cultural activities to our population,
to continue in the rescue of Cuban culture since without
instruments music cannot be developed and this is part of it, with
contributing once again to the massification of our culture as part of
the current programs of our revolution. .
 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

With the execution of this work it has been possible to recover

several musical instruments in disuse, if they had not been
recovered pered using these methods they would be totally
destroyed since this type of recovery is not done in the territory. It
was possible to revalue this instrument and at the same time
replace the import tion of instruments for the music band, since as
Cu BA does not produce them, they had to be imported with an
expense of foreign currency, and it is demonstrated in the
calculation of the economic effect that 16,050 USD are saved.

The results obtained until the moment of exposing the work low
have been satisfactory and this is demonstrated by the opinions
and endorsements offered by the beneficiaries. It has been shown
that with a minimum of resources and interest this problem that is
presented sitting in the marching band was resolved.

We recommend keeping the work done in the groups tions

already benefited from the solution, generalize our work down to all
the provinces of our country solving the lack of musical
instruments of the institutions and groups that need them, to
continue rescuing Cuban culture na since without instruments
music cannot be developed and this is part of it, contributing once
again to the massification of our culture as part of the current
programs. tuals of our revolution. .

BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Encarta Encyclopedia 2000.

2. Encarta Encyclopedia 2005.

3. Metallography T.

4. Forming of Metals. L T.

5. Technology in Machinery Construction.

6. Theory of Heat Treatment.

7.Specialty class notes.Eng. Mechanical AC. Esp.

TCM.
To the
CXOs
DESCRIPTION OF THE TOOLS USED TO CARRY OUT THIS WORK.
 The tools were made according to the breaks that appeared in the musical
instruments. Each break was not the same as the others, which forced us to
design tools to solve the problem in each of them.
Among the tools mentioned are:
ÿ Multipurpose torch.
ÿ Blades.
ÿ Leagues.
ÿ Fine files.
ÿ Plastic and metal hammers.
ÿ Lateral blade scissors.
ÿ Flat, round tweezers.
ÿ Bushings.
ÿ Polisher.

The multipurpose torch is composed of:

v Compressor.
v Fuel tank.
v Hoses and faucets
v Torch with a ready-made device for soldering, and without it, for
heating and desoldering pipes.
This equipment works as follows: the compressor has the function of
pumping air into the tank to guarantee a stable pressure, this air is transmitted
through the hoses to the torch, in turn the fuel tank guarantees the fuel for
combustion in the torch and the use or not of the lighter guarantees the work
to be done.
The blades are made from pieces of saws and take the exact shape for which
they are going to be used and are used for cleaning welds. hard
The sandpaper used is of different sizes and is used to conform sea pieces
and completion of work.
The bushings are made for straightening pipes and can be made of fiber and
wood, which in turn can be conical or straight depending on the pipe to be
repaired.

IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS.
ÿ Vertical drill: to guarantee small diameter drilling. ÿ Mechanical bender.
ÿ Laminator.

These tools were created as needed for the repair of musical instruments, so
every time a new break appears, new tools must be created to guarantee the
quality of the product since the manufacturer has technical parameters that
should not be changed. laugh With good training and technical information,
good results can be achieved in the repair of this equipment.
TRUMPET
CLARINETS
TROMBONE
TUBA
SAXOPHO
NE