Report N°1 Transfer function with Matlab software.

Edwin Andrés Bonilla Bonilla

TRANSFER FUNCTION WITH MATLAB SOFTWARE
Latacunga, Ecuador
[email protected]

III. GOALS
I. Summary

AND
In this work, a control GENERAL OBJECTIVE
system will be created
that allows us to combine • General objective. Design mathematical functions in the
components that act together and meet a certain block system, using the MATLAB program (Simulink), in
objective. For this, it is necessary to carry out the order to know and develop a more concrete response with
respective calculations by analyzing an equation in their respective simulated signals.
order to apply the Laplace transform, this allows us
to incorporate the transfer function in the Matlab SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
software to observe the behavior of the different
exercises proposed, which is why the analysis of • Analyze the structure of the program internally, which will
circuits and their physical properties that act on them allow the appropriate use of its different tools, for their
is very important. respective simulation.

Keywords: control systems, Laplace transform, • Investigate the use of each of the software elements or tools
transfer function, equation, circuits to be used, to determine a correct scheme.

II. Introduction • Simulate and design the exercises with their respective

AND Nowadays, in modern factories and transfer function applicable in blocks to verify the behavior of
industrial facilities, it is becoming the circuit and obtain a control system.
increasingly necessary to have control or command
systems that allow the improvement and optimization IV. THEORETICAL FOUNDATION
of a large number of processes, where the mere
presence of man is insufficient to govern them. A. Say when we have an open mesh system?
Industry, petrochemical electricity, paper, textile,
cement, etc. These are some examples of places This Transfer Function is obtained when the primary feedback
where control systems are needed, the complexity of signal B(s) is related to the error signal E(s).
which has resulted in the development of techniques
aimed at their design and construction.

Automatic control has played a vital role in the  Open loop control systems
advancement of engineering and science. As
advances in the theory and practice of automatic
control provide the means to achieve optimal
functioning of dynamic systems, improve quality and
lower production costs, free from the complexity of
many respective manual task routines, etc.; Most
engineers have contact with

Open loop control usually appears in devices with sequential

control systems, even when they only use them, without
control, in which there is no regulation of variables, but rather
delving into their theory.
a series of operations are carried out in a certain way. This

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Report N°1 Transfer function with Matlab software.

sequence of operations can be imposed by events (event- The Transfer Function of a system described by a linear-
driven) or by time (time-driven). It is programmed using PLCs differential equation, and invariant in time, is defined in the
(programmable logic controllers) Laplace domain, as:
“The quotient between the Laplace Transform of the output or
Example; response of the system and the Laplace Transform of the input
Traffic lights in a city operate on a time basis or excitation function, under the assumption that all initial
Output variable “traffic state” does not affect the operation of conditions are zero.”
the system. That is, in an open loop control system the output
is neither measured nor fed back to compare with the input.
Open loop control systems are control systems in which the
output has no effect on the control signal or action. The figure
shows how a control system of this type is implemented.
The transfer function of a system is defined as the Laplace
transform of the output
variable
B. Tell what is the definition of the controlled and the Laplace transform of the input
variable and the control or manipulated variable? variable,
assuming
The elements of an open loop control system can be divided zero initial conditions.
into two parts: the controller and the controlled process. Transfer function:
• It is only applicable to systems described by time-
An input signal or command is applied to the controller, invariant linear differential equations.
whose output acts as a control signal or acting signal, which • It is an input-output description of the behavior of the
regulates the controlled process, in such a way that the output system.
variable or controlled variable performs according to certain • It depends on the characteristics of the system and
specifications or standards. established. In simple cases, the not on the magnitude and type of input
controller may be an amplifier, filter, mechanical junction or • Does not provide information about the internal
other control element. In more complex cases it may be a structure of the system
computer such as a microprocessor.

The controlled variable is the quantity or condition that is D. Explain when we have a linear model?
measured and controlled. The manipulated variable is the
quantity or condition that is varied by the controller in such a Let Y be a random variable that fluctuates around an unknown
way as to affect the value of the controlled variable. Normally, value η, that is:
the controlled variable is the output of a system.
Y=η+ε ( 3)

where
C. Define what is meant by the transfer function of a ε is the error, so
system? η can represent the true value
And the observed value.
Suppose that η takes different values according to different
The Transfer Function is defined only for linear, time-
experimental situations according to the linear model
invariant, monovariable and lumped parameter systems.

The Transfer Function is a mathematical model, because it is η = β1x1 + · · · + βmxm( 4 )

an operational method to express an ordinary, linear where
differential equation, with constant coefficients, in order to βi are for unknown meters
relate the output variable to the input variable of a system. xi are known values, each of which
illustrates different experimental situations.
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Report N°1 Transfer function with Matlab software.

In general there are n observations of the variable Y. We will

say that y1, y2, . . ., and n independent observations of Y
follow a linear model if

yi =xi1β1 +···+ximβm +εi i=1,...,n (5 )

These observations of Y can be considered independent and
distributed random variables like Y (they are copies) or also
concrete realizations (numerical values) for calculations.

E. Tell how the principle of superposition is used in

the analysis of the linear control system?
(c)
In the superposition theorem in circuit theory, it is established
that the voltage between two nodes of a circuit or the current
that passes through a branch is equal to the sum of the
voltages or currents produced by each of the voltage and
current generators. the current generators of the circuit. In
each of the partial calculations, only one of the generators is
preserved and the other voltage generators are replaced by
short circuits and the other current generators by open circuits.

2. RESULTS OF PRACTICE

1.1 Use the step and unit impulse functions at the system
input to obtain the dynamic response of the system and
obtain the system response graph taking into account the
simulation time necessary for the system to reach the new
steady state.

(a) G s = 1000/ (s +1000)

(d) Gs = (s 2 + 5s +1)/(s 2 + s +4)

(b) Gs = (2s +3) / (s 3 +3s +4)

(e)

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Report N°1 Transfer function with Matlab software.

( 1s + s+11 )− s+51

Simulation of the proposed circuit

4. Determine with the MATLAB instructions the poles and

zeros of the following transfer function and evaluate these
polynomials for the value of the roots obtained.
Gs = (2s +8) / (2s 3 + 3s 2 +2)
(a) Use the step statement to apply a unit step to the
function G(s)
2.Analyze the system in part 1(e) when there is a sinusoidal
disturbance in the process with a period of 100 seconds and
amplitude of 2.

Simulation response carried out according to the problem

posed

5- Build the dynamic model of the direct current motor

controlled by the armature voltage

The dynamic equations of the engine are given below:

3. Obtain the equivalent transfer function of the system

represented in the block diagram in part 1(e)
Where:
R- Armor resistance

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Report N°1 Transfer function with Matlab software.

K e = K e - Electromotive constant
J = Motor inertia
w- speed
L = Armature inductance
B = Friction coefficient
V g – Input source voltage
T L = Load torque
Θ – Angle (position)
Ke=K T =0.05 Nm/A, R=2 Ω, L=5.2 mH., Vg=-60..60 V,
B=6e-6 (Nm)/(rad/s), J=1e-3 Nms 2 /rad

The system obtained is represented in the following block (c) Determine the system responses with the help of
diagram: Simulink using the block diagram:
 When the voltage Vg = 40V and increases by 10%.

 When there is a disturbance in the torque T L that

varies from 0.05Nm to 0.15Nm.

with TL value of 0.05

For the block diagram in figure 1:

with TL value of 0.15
(a) Determine the transfer function G(s), if the input
variable is the voltage source V g and the output is
the angle θ. (Consider that the disturbance does not
exist T L = 0.)
(b)

 Show the speed variation graphs w

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Report N°1 Transfer function with Matlab software.

with TL value of 0.15  The operation is easily verified since there are means
in this case of identification lights that will allow you
to visualize the operation of the practice.

VI. RECOMMENDATIONS
 It is important to identify each of the contacts
since their operation will depend on the flow
of current.
 Because there may be faults in the
connections, it is essential to connect a means
with TL value of 0.05
of protection, either fuses for the control
diagram and relays for the power diagram.

 The design of the control and power scheme

must have an adequate design to achieve
adequate operation in order to obtain
adequate work of the control board .

VII. ANALYSIS
3. JUSTIFICATION OF THE RESULTS OBTAINED
All the Matlab symbology is related to the simulink Library,
To achieve high performance of the drives carried out by a where we worked using the “block diagram” for the respective
motor that is part of a control system, it is necessary to study simulation and from which we have the symbology of the
their dynamic characteristics and develop control strategies in transfer function, the oscilloscope and the source with their
accordance with them. respective feedback in in case it is a closed link like the
It is for this reason that this activity aims to have an approach example made.
to control in a real plant, where a speed control of the DC When carrying out the simulation in Matlab, it generated
motor will be designed and managed appropriately for the waves that could be seen in the scope. This was of great help
chosen application. to verify the operation of the exercise in which the behavior of
the circuit can be observed according to the transfer function
that was obtained in the calculations. made.
V. CONCLUSIONS
 Both the control scheme and the power scheme work By designing the block diagram generating a control system to
together because the power scheme depends on the obtain the answer in terms of Laplace and the transfer function
functions that it is allowed to perform in the because these blocks are based on these functions.
command scheme. By connecting one block to another, it is verified that the
 Those contacts that interlock the circuit are called connection is correct to obtain the required response.
auxiliary contacts since they allow operation in
conjunction with the coil. Due to this, the control
scheme works in sequence with the contactor. VIII. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 The voltage with which a control circuit and a power
circuit operate clearly depend on the devices to be Notes “Introduction to Control Systems”, 1982 Author: Eng.
controlled since there are different types of voltage Mario Pérez López
for each of the devices to be connected.

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Report N°1 Transfer function with Matlab software.

Notes “Mathematical Model”, 1982 Author: Eng. Mario Pérez

López

“Automatic Control Systems”. Author: Benjamin C. Kuo,

Seventh Edition. Publisher: “Prentice Hall Hispanoamericana
SA”, 1996.

"Modern Control Engineering." Author: K. Ogata, Third

Edition. Publisher: “Prentice Hall”, 1998.

“Engineering Systems and Automatic Control”, Author:

Dransfiel, Peter. “Automatic Controls”, Authors: Howard L.

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