Computer _ Systems Computer assembly and installation

ASSEMBLY OF COMPUTERS

INTRODUCTION:
In this report we present the important theory and practice in the assembly of a PC
(personal computer), including rules and characteristics so that the user knows and has
some caution and basic technical knowledge of the elements that make up a computer
and its electronic operation and even more so when you want to perform maintenance on
a computer.

Technology and personal computers have advanced very significantly over the years,
allowing them to become the most used support tool for people, whether in offices, at
home, or in health centers. study and other activities that require it.

Likewise, differentiating the elements with which a computer is made up, in this case
software and hardware, is necessary today.

Assembling a computer requires skills and knowledge in a methodical manner for

manipulating the electronic components of a computer.

The difference in saving money, in the work of having a technician assemble it, is not only
assembling the parts and installing the operating system, but also knowing the
characteristics and properties that each part has and determining its capacity and
compatibility as well as its operation without difficulties.

Another very important element in the assembly is the proper use of the software, although
there are an infinite number of operating systems and others on the market, there are also
licensed and unlicensed programs, currently and in our context, but more uses pirated
software. For economic and accessibility reasons.

In this topic, content will be known or reported regarding the parts of a PC and in the
markets or places where it is sold, the steps to follow for proper assembly, necessary tools
that the assembler technician must have and determine the characteristics of each piece.
such as: motherboard, processor, video card, sound, fax modem, CD and DVD reader,
and the cabinet or case.

1. JUSTIFICATION

1
 Computer _ Systems Computer assembly and installation

Along with the theoretical and practical development, the foundation of the true philosophy
of the profession, the computer systems degree program includes practical tools that
prepare the student for technological performance in the search for solutions relevant to
their environment, since be it regional or national. The articulation of theory and practice
constitutes the opportunity for knowledge and skills to complement each other in order to
achieve the opportunity to integrate knowledge from different areas, and link it with the
practice of the acquired skills. The practical element prepares you for the application of the
conceptual foundations of the physical assembly and logical configuration of the computer,
in this way you are trained in:

 Be prepared to solve technological problems within the family environment, as well

as offer services to third parties if necessary.
 In addition, you must know hardware compatibility and quality to assemble a PC,
so when you assemble your own computer you will do so with simplicity and
efficiency.
 Adapt technology to solve specific computer problems and to innovate processes
in this field.
 In the activity carried out during the assembly practice, they discover innovation
and technological development. Through the quotation and purchase of the parts,
the assembly, installation and configuration process, the functional capacity for the
adaptation and incorporation of new technologies is developed, as well as the
recognition and gain of the economic factor, leading to the development of criteria,
ability to use resources based on the objectives sought and sense of individual or
group work.

The assembly of a complete computer, as an academic practice, thus constitutes a

methodological strategy. Practice in any training process is necessary and indispensable.
Another reason that must be known and practical is to be able to assemble a computer
with all the necessary and adequate requirements, in order to be self-sufficient and not
depend on a PC assembly technician, that is, to save. economically the expenses for its
assembly and maintenance.

2. GOALS:

2
 Computer _ Systems Computer assembly and installation

2.1. GENERAL OBJECTIVE:

 Assemble and configure a computer (PC) through theory and practice,
knowing and differentiating the two components: hardware and software to
perform effective and efficient basic technical work.

2.2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

 Apply theoretical and practical knowledge for the assembly and
configuration of a computer.
 Understand the operation and structure of each of the parts that make up a
computer.
 Know and use the physical and logical tools for computer assembly.

3. THEORETICAL CONTENT

3
 Computer _ Systems Computer assembly and installation

3.1. CONCEPT AND DEFINITIONS:

What is PC assembly?

Computer assembly is a procedure that consists of correctly placing all the parts of a
computer so that everything works efficiently and then being able to install the operating
system and other programs according to the user's needs.

What is a PC assembly technician?

A PC assembly technician is the person qualified to carry out the assembly or assembly of
a computer, the care and repair of individual equipment or the configuration and
installation of networks.

What is a computer?

It is an electronic device that receives, stores, retrieves, processes and produces

information through a combination of machine (Hardware) and instructions or programs
(Software) installed on it.

The personal computer, also known as PC (Personal Computer) is a machine that can do
all types of mathematical and logical operations at very high speed. Logical operations are
those in which it is expected to choose between several alternatives (according to given
conditions), instead of a numerical result. This means that we can use it to calculate,
process text, enjoy video games, do accounting, design graphics, browse the Internet, etc.

3.2. COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER

Computers are machines and as such are not capable of performing more functions than
those programmed for them.

To determine the parts of a computer, let's start from the basic functions that it can
perform:

 Arithmetic operations between two data.

 Comparison between two data and their respective choice.
 Data transfer and memorization.

From the same functions, the schematic of a computer can be deduced, which must
contain devices that carry out the following processes:

1. Accept data from abroad.

4
 Computer _ Systems Computer assembly and installation

2. Carry out arithmetic and comparison operations and their respective control.

3. Memorize the data.

4. Communicate the results to the user.

This figure shows us the basic parts that make up a computer. As we see, a computer is a
system of four components:

 The input unit.

 The control, arithmetic and logic units (CPU – CENTRAL PROCESS UNIT).
 The memory unit.
 The output unit.

These units of the aforementioned system need three elements:

 Machine.
 An operating system.
 Application program.

3.3. HARDWARE/SOFTWARE

In the English language "hard" means hard. That is why "hardware" is the set of electronic
devices and circuits that make up a computer, that is, the machine and its peripherals
itself, that is, everything that can be felt or touched. The Hardware complement is the
Software, which is all the programs (and the operating system) that make the hardware

5
 Computer _ Systems Computer assembly and installation

work. In English "soft" means soft, impalpable. The hardware components and alternative
names used in the market are mentioned in the table below.

Below is a brief description of each of them.

MOTHERBOARD It is the core or backbone of the system as it is responsible for

controlling each component of the computer in its entirety. All the elements are connected
in it. Example: Intel brand motherboard, model DH61WW.

PROCESSOR It is the "engine" or brain of the computer. Defines the speed of data
processing. Example: Pentium I 200 MHz, Pentium II 400 MHz, Pentium III 1000 MHz or 1
GHz, Pentium IV 2.8 GHz and Core i3, i5 and i7 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th generation.

RAM MEMORY It is the main memory that contains all the programs and data that the
processor uses at any given time. Example: 256 MB DDR memory with 333 MHz bus and
8 Gb DDR.

6
 Computer _ Systems Computer assembly and installation

CASE YOUR POWER SUPPLY The case is responsible for housing the motherboard,
disk drives and cards. It comes with the pre-installed power supply, which is responsible
for providing electricity to each part of the computer. Example: Case brand Micronics
model Matrix of 400 Watts and DeLUX 700 Watts.

FLOPPY DISK DRIVE It is a device for reading floppy disks. The floppy disk is a cheap,
slow, low-capacity, removable-type medium. Example: NEC brand 1.44Mb floppy drive.

HARD DRIVE It is the main file storage medium of the system. Example: Seagate 40 GB
and Toshiba 1 TB hard drive.

CD ROM, CD-RW OR DVD READER It is a unit for reading or writing (in the case of the
CD-RW recorder) high-capacity removable optical media. Examples: 52X CD reader or LG
brand multiple player.

VIDEO ADAPTER Controls the information that can be displayed on the monitor.
Example: ATI brand video card model Radeon 7200 with 64 MB of memory for AGP-4X
slot.

SOUND ADAPTER Converts the analog sound signal into a digital signal and vice versa.
Example: Creative brand Sound Card model AWE-128 PCI.

MODEM Converts the analog signal of the telephone line into a digital signal and vice
versa. Example: 56 Kbps Motorola brand MODEM.

NETWORK ADAPTER Allows communication between a computer and other computers.

Example: 3COM brand network card model 3C905TX PCI 10/100 Mbps.

INPUT PERIPHERALS These are elements that are used to enter information into the
computer.

Examples: Genius brand keyboard in Spanish with PS/2 input.

Logitech 2-button mouse with PS/2 input.

Genius brand scanner, Vivid Pro model, 1200 dpi.

Logitech brand webcam Quickcam Express model.

OUTPUT PERIPHERALS These are elements that are used to output or display
information from the computer.

7
 Computer _ Systems Computer assembly and installation

Examples: 17 inch SAMSUNG and LG brand monitor. Model 700G.

Epson brand printer model LQ570.

3.4. PROCEDURE TO ASSEMBLE A COMPUTER:

3.4.1. Requirements to assemble:

Flat Table:
This instrument or tool will allow us to do our job better to assemble our PC well,
preferably using one that does not have glass so as not to generate more static energy.

8
 Computer _ Systems Computer assembly and installation

Screwdrivers or screwdrivers:
Screwdrivers are the most used tools, in order to assemble a computer, generally the parts
of the computers are held by screws, it is recommended that the screwdrivers do not have
a magnetic tip since a magnetic object being inside the computer could damage some
electrical circuits. There are different screwdrivers such as the following:

Cross screwdriver.
Star screwdriver.
Flat screwdriver.
Hex screwdriver

Tweezers:
The clamp is another very important tool because on occasion you can drop a screw in a
place that can be very difficult to reach, so you will have a clamp to be able to recover your
screw. It is very important that the place where you work is large and not this narrow.

9
 Computer _ Systems Computer assembly and installation

Antistatic wristband:
Static electricity can cause serious damage to components that is why it is very important
to have an antistatic bracelet or you can also become de-electrified by putting your hands
on the CPU, the easiest way to avoid this is by using a grounding strap is a velcro strap
with a metal contact attached to a cable that connects you to an external metal part to help
discharge all the static charge that can accumulate in the body.

Multimeter:
It is used to measure electrical magnitudes in different areas of electrotechnics and
electronics.

10
 Computer _ Systems Computer assembly and installation

User manual:
It is used to guide you on the maintenance of a PC.

Wear latex gloves:

It is correct to put on latex gloves to avoid damage to the parts as a result
of electrostatic charges, as well as when the hand is wet from perspiration,
which could cause a short circuit.

Safety and hygiene standards:

 Use a large place free of magnetism
 Disconnect the equipment from the electrical current

11
 Computer _ Systems Computer assembly and installation

 Do not consume food

 Use antistatic bracelet
 Do not run or play when performing maintenance
 Use the right material

3.4.2. Steps to assemble a computer

Step 1. - Installation of the motherboard: The

motherboard has holes that coincide with
small posts that are attached to the cabinet,
the card is spliced by matching the holes and
fixed with screws.

Step 2.- Installation of the processor: Take the

main board and prepare to insert the
components that go directly into it. The side
supports attach to the card base by snapping the
clips into position.

Step 3.- Microprocessor fan: Once the fan is

installed, connect the fan power cable to the
correct pins on the board.

Step 4.- Installing the RAM memory: The

DIMM boards are inserted into the RAM
memory banks and secured with the side
locks. The number of slots may vary
depending on the manufacturer and model of

12
 Computer _ Systems Computer assembly and installation

the main card. In this case, the card has three slots and only one 64MB DIMM is being
inserted.

Step 5.- Installation of the video card: The

installation of cards in the expansion slots is
always done in the same way: first they are
inserted to find the correct position and then
they are pressed firmly. Video cards can be
ISA, PCI or AGP type.

Step 6.- Installation of the audio card: The

audio cards can be ISA or PCI type. After
identifying the correct type, the correct
location is positioned and then pressed on
them.

Step 7.- Installation of the MODEM card:

These cards can also be ISA or PCI, to insert
them, the same procedure is carried out as in
the previous cases.

Step 8.- Placing the floppy drive: to install

this device known as a drive or floppy disk
drive, the cover that is generally found at the
front, in the middle part of the cabinet, is
removed. The unit is inserted through the

13
 Computer _ Systems Computer assembly and installation

rectangular duct until the drive screw entries coincide with the holes in the chassis, to be
fixed using the screws.

Step 9.- Placing the Hard Drive: This data storage device is placed on the inside of the
cabinet, inside the corresponding bay. Match the holes and secure with the corresponding
screws.

Step 10.- Placing the power supply: We

mount the power supply on the back right
side of the case that is open. Once
assembled it will be screwed.

Step 11.- Sound connector Motherboard:

The front of this computer incorporates 2 USB
connectors and 2 sound connectors (speaker
and microphone), we will have one cable for
the USB connectors and another for the
sound connectors. We will connect these
cables to their respective connectors on the
motherboard.

Step 12.- LED connector: Now we will connect

the power supply to the LEDs on the front of the
computer, on this computer we have 3 LEDs,
they are:

 Power led - Computer power light

 HDD led - Computer processing light
 SW led – Computer power button

These connectors are located in different positions.

14
 Computer _ Systems Computer assembly and installation

Step 13.- Placing the case: Once we have

assembled all the parts, the only thing left
is to put on the case cover, which protects
the motherboard from dust.

3.4.3. Steps to install Windows operating system

Once we have created the ISO (installation disk) with the Windows 7 installation program,
we insert it into the DVD (or USB) reader drive of our computer to begin the installation.

If the computer where we are going to install Windows 7 does not have any previous
operating system previously installed, it is most likely that when you insert the DVD (or
USB) and turn it on, it will go directly to reading it and begin the installation.

Another option to consider would be if we want to install Windows on a computer that

previously had another operating system installed (for example, an older version of
Windows) and what we want is to update it but format the hard drive and do an installation
from scratch.

In this case it goes without saying that we would have to previously save all the
information that we want to save and preserve (files, photos, documents, videos, etc.).

We would start by first accessing the computer's BIOS and changing the boot priority so
that it starts from the DVD or USB drive instead of the hard drive.

Step 1 . We enter the BIOS which there are many options to enter depending on the type
or model of the card by pressing the DEL, F1, F2 and other keys.

15
 Computer _ Systems Computer assembly and installation

In this way, when you turn on the computer, it will first read the DVD or USB drive and
begin the installation of Windows 7 in which later we will have the option to choose and
format the hard drive or partition in which it is stored. let's install.

Once the installation of Windows 7 has started, the first window that will appear will be the
following one, in which we will have to choose the language and the time and date format:

Step 2. Once the BIOS is configured (boot boot), choose DVD-ROM or USB drive or by
default choose the drive menu option by pressing F8 we choose DVD-ROM or USB,

In the next window we will click on "Install now" to begin the installation of Windows 7.

Step 3. We will then accept the Windows 7

Professional license terms.

16
 Computer _ Systems Computer assembly and installation

Step 4. In the next sale, since what we are doing is

an installation of Windows 7 from scratch, we must
select the type of custom installation (advanced) to
be able to choose the hard drive or its partition
where we are going to install the operating system
and, if applicable, the formatting it.

Step 5. Once we have chosen where we are going

to carry out the installation, it will begin and the
necessary files will be copied. Next we only have a
few small steps left to finish configuring it, starting
by entering a User name for the administrator and
the team and a password (optional).

17
 Computer _ Systems Computer assembly and installation

Step 6. Almost finished, it asks us to enter the license to activate the operating system.

Step 7. Next we choose a security

configuration…

Step 8 . And finally we have just configured

the parameters we need to start using our
new Operating System.

18
 Computer _ Systems Computer assembly and installation

Step 9. And ready... You would already

have Windows 7 installed, you would
only have to install the rest of the
programs and work.

4. CONCLUSION :

Assembling a computer is following a logical sequence of steps. The assembly of a device

must be subject to a manufacturing process based on the knowledge of each of the
components that constitute it such as: boards, slots, slots, connectors, buses, voltages,

19
 Computer _ Systems Computer assembly and installation

colors, among others, and on a methodological criterion. within which there are: safety and
quality standards.

We must not forget that the appropriate tools must be used to assemble each piece, and
also use the assembly guide or manual that the motherboard and other components have.

Therefore, assembling a computer is one of the very interesting experiences, since it is not
only assembling the parts, but also the ability to assemble and adapt the requirements for
its use and its performance in different work areas.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

 Mendoza M. German, easy computing, practical manual for children and young
people and professionals, La Paz Bolivia 2008.
 Larouse Interactive Encyclopedic Dictionary 2008
 Luque C. José, Computer Assembly and Repair, GEL Teaching Group for Latin
America, version 1999
 Knight M. Luis A., Practical Computing Step by Step, La Paz Bolivia 2013 Edition

Websites:

 https://alexisrodriguez7.wordpress.com/2015/07/07/informe-sobre-desensamble-y-
ensamble-de-una-pc/
 http://www.cedecap.org.pe/uploads/biblioteca/archivos_grandes/
EnsamblajeDeComputadoras.pdf
 https://www.academia.edu/6766437/
GUÍA_DIDÁCTICA_ENSAMBLE_Y_MANTENimiento_DE_COMPUTADORES
 http://pcantoniov.blogspot.com/2010/11/procedimiento-para-ensamblar-una.html
 http://www.portalisc.net/p.php?s=41 http://karlospg1.blogspot.es/1195783260/

20