NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SANTA

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

“THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGY ON CIVL ENGINEERING”

AUTHOR
GRAY KENETH FLORES UTRILA
021713025

TEACHER
Eng. CARLOS MENDOZA CORPUS

JANUARY 2018
INDEX
IMAGE INDEX.........................................................................................................................iii
INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................iv
1. TECHNOLOGY AND CIVIL ENGINEERING..............................................................1
1.1. TECHNOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING..........................................................1
1.2. APPLICATION OF TECHNOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING.......................1
1.2.1. TOTAL STATION SET 2000............................................................................2
1.2.2. DATA STORAGE CARDS................................................................................3
1.2.3. 3D TECHNOLOGY...........................................................................................3
1.2.4. THE USE OF COMPUTERS................................................................................4
1.2.5. COMPUTER SOTWARE USED................................................................................4
2. NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING............10
2.1. NEW CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS......................................................................10
2.1.1. DRYWALL SYSTEM......................................................................................10
2.1.2. FELXIBLE FORMWORKS FOR COLUMNS.............................................13
2.2. NEW CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS................................................................14
2.2.1. SUPERBOAST.................................................................................................14
2.2.2. TRANSLUCENT CONCRETE.......................................................................15
2.2.3. PERMEABLE CONCRETE............................................................................16
3. TRENDS AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT..............................................19
3.1. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS.................................................................................19
3.1.1. BIOCLIMATIC HOUSES...............................................................................19
3.1.2. HELICAL BRIDGES.......................................................................................20
3.1.3. ARTIFICIAL ISLANDS..................................................................................21
3.1.4. SMART BUILDINGS......................................................................................21
GLOSSARY..............................................................................................................................23
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES.......................................................................................24
 IMAGE INDEX
Illustration1 – SET 2000 total station...........................................................................................2
Illustration2 – Data storage card..................................................................................................3
Illustration3 – 3D technology.......................................................................................................3
Illustration4 - FreeCAD.................................................................................................................5
Illustration5 - QCAD......................................................................................................................5
Illustration6 - BLENDER................................................................................................................6
Illustration7 – K-3D.......................................................................................................................6
Illustration8 - RLMUTFAK.............................................................................................................7
Illustration9 – SWEET HOME 3D...................................................................................................7
Illustration10 – Anuga..................................................................................................................8
Illustration11 - Drywall...............................................................................................................12
Illustration12 – Flexible Formwork.............................................................................................14
Illustration13 – Transparent concrete........................................................................................16
Illustration14 – Permeable concrete..........................................................................................17
Illustration15 – Bioclimatic House..............................................................................................19
Illustration16 – Helical Bridges...................................................................................................20
Illustration17 – Artificial islands.................................................................................................21
Illustration18 – Smart buildings.................................................................................................22
 INTRODUCTION

The following monograph titled “The influence of technology on Civil Engineering”

was carried out for the subject of Information and Communication Technology, within
the framework of research guidelines of the National University of Santa.

Nowadays civil engineering goes hand in hand with technology, as they are the main
users of sophisticated high-tech products and apply the latest concepts in computer-
aided design (CAD) during design, construction, project scheduling and costs control.

Impact of technology in classical engineering: models, calculations, project

management, simulations... They are different areas that have been affected by the
massive arrival of applications and the increase in the computing power of computers.
This seminar will review how engineering as classic as civil has had to adapt to a very
competitive environment so marked by technology, communications and the massive
application of software tools throughout the design and construction process.

Technology advances at giant steps. Specialized software can be used in structural

calculations and designs. Nanotechnology would improve the review of the state of the
structure in incorporation into polymers. Translucent concrete will allow us to have less
load, greater resistance and lighting in the interiors.

Currently, Civil Engineering and Information and Communication Technologies are

undergoing rapid development.
CHAPTER I
1. TECHNOLOGY AND CIVIL ENGINEERING
1.1. TECHNOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

The rise of technology in the construction area is increasingly evident, where

the main purpose is to obtain better performance and greater ease so that the
Civil Engineer can perform his function.

The application of technology in civil engineering facilitates processes and

optimizes them. This applies in all its areas, such as: topography, soil
surveying, calculation of materials and reading and analyzing plans. For
these optimizations, a variety of machines and products have been created
through the advancement of technology.
Proof of this are the different software that is on the market: AutoCAD,
ETABS, Safe, CYPECAD, in short, numerous construction programs that
make our work easier in one way or another and at the same time we obtain
optimal performance when we use it. to reality.
We must also highlight that one of the most used programs to make budgets,
payrolls, calculation templates, is Microsoft Excel, which is a tool that is
essential today for every Civil Engineer, therefore, if you have not yet
mastered this program, we suggest that you do everything possible to learn,
since you are going to obtain very good results in your work.
Technology continues to advance and if you are a Civil Engineer, Architect
or student, it is essential today that you handle and be at the forefront of the
different software that is coming out, since today's companies work with all
these programs and It is better to be up to date.

1.2. APPLICATION OF TECHNOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

The application of technology in civil engineering facilitates processes and

optimizes them. This applies in all its areas, such as: topography, soil
surveying, calculation of materials and reading and analyzing plans. For
these optimizations, a variety of machines and products have been created
through the advancement of technology. Some of them are:
1.2.1. TOTAL STATION SET 2000
 Topographic technology. (Soil study)
 Reach and speed that help you finish your job sooner than
projected.
 Range up to 2,000 meters. In just 2.8 seconds. Its innovative
optical system is designed for optimal reading performance with
its prisms. It has a storage capacity in its internal memory of
approximately 5,000 points.
 Central portion of the lens: light emitting, and the surrounding
portion; receiver, ensuring accuracy.
 It allows you to obtain what is known, such as Azimuth, Zenith,
Vertical Distance, Horizontal Distance, These data and convert
them into North, East Coordinates and Elevations or Elevation.
 It has an integrated keyboard for easy fluidity and handling to
enter data.

Illustration1 – SET 2000 total station

1.2.2. DATA STORAGE CARDS
 They work like a diskette to store the information collected in the
field, take it to the analysis area without having to move the

station and be able to continue with the surveys in progress.

 Available in 128Kbyte (2,000 points), 256Kbyte (4,000 points)

and 512Kbyte (8,000 points).

Illustration2 – Data storage card

1.2.3. 3D TECHNOLOGY
 Allows better visualization of the project under construction.

 It helps avoid catastrophes, since this technology is being used to

recreate the possible consequences of natural disasters such as
hurricanes and seismic movements virtually, thus allowing the
structure under construction to be reinforced where necessary.

Illustration3 – 3D technology
1.2.4. THE USE OF COMPUTERS

The computer is a great ally today for the civil engineer since it helps reduce
his work time depending on the project and the work to be carried out.

Technology is a fundamental factor in these times since it provides the civil

engineer with help in terms of: planning, calculating, budgeting and
evaluating large projects with the different software that exists on the
market, in order to have greater scope in terms of The quality and
improvement of the works is concerned.
Currently there are different brands of computers which, without a doubt, the
majority are used to carry out any type of work, whether office work or for
specific uses.
In civil engineering, the computer is widely used for different activities that
serve as help, for example in the management or supervision of construction
projects, evaluation of the quality of materials, review of surveying or
cartography plans, structural calculations, making estimates. of costs and
budgets.
1.2.5. COMPUTER SOTWARE USED

There are many FREE SOTWARE tools on the internet focused on

the design, analysis, layout, visualization and publication of
buildings. Below are some FREE SOTWARE tools that are available
on the Internet.

 FreeCAD

It is an application developed in free computer-aided design

software in three dimensions (3D), for assistance in
mechanical engineering and the design of mechanical
elements. Additionally, it incorporates a module for
architecture and preparation of construction plans . It is a
tool that has been used in several universities around the
world for its benefits.
 Illustration4 - FreeCAD

 QCAD

It is a computer-aided design (CAD) software application for

2D design. It works on GNU/Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris and
Microsoft Windows operating systems. It was designed under
the premise “to make QCad more productive, more user-
friendly, more flexible and to increase its compatibility with
other products”, much of the interface and the concepts of its
use are the same as those of AutoCAD, although perhaps
more easy to understand.

Illustration5 - QCAD

 BLENDER

It is a cross-platform 3D modeling program. It is aimed at

artists and design and multimedia professionals, it can be used
to create 3D models, animations, architecture and everything
you can think of. It also incorporates a rendering engine for
displaying three-dimensional content. Blender is developed as
 Free Software, with the source code available under the GNU
GPL license.

Illustration6 - BLENDER

 K-3D

It is a free 3D modeling and animation program. The program

has a plugin-oriented procedural engine for all its content. K-
3D supports polygonal molding and includes basic tools for
NURBS, patches, curves and animation with which you can
create high-visual quality architectural designs.

 RLMutfak

It is
a

Illustration7 – K-3D

free program available under the GNU GPL license for the
 3D design of built-in kitchens. Developed with Delphi and
uses OpenGL as the rendering engine. Very useful when
planning kitchens for housing developments before their
execution, which allows you to consider in advance
measurements, materials and appearance, among other things.

Illustration8 - RLMUTFAK
 Sweet Home
3D

It is a free GNU GPL-licensed interior design application that

helps you place your furniture on a 2D house plan, with a 3D
preview. It can also be used for interior design in spaces such
as bathrooms, kitchens, gardens, among others.

Illustration9 – SWEET HOME 3D

 ANUGA

It is a Free Software development, capable of modeling the

impact of hydrological disasters, such as dam breaks, river
floods, storm surges or Tsunamis. It is based on the shallow
water wave equation discreted for unstructured triangular
meshes with a finite number of volumes numerical scheme.
An important capability of ANUGA is that the wetting and
drying process can be modeled as water enters and leaves an
area. This means it is suitable for simulating water flow on a
beach or dry land and around structures such as buildings.
These types of applications are very important when planning
a housing development, since they allow the risks in a
potential risk area to be estimated and forecasts to be made.

Illustration10 – Anuga
Chapter
II
2. NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
2.1. NEW CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS.

These systems represent a very important aspect in the development of new

generations and infrastructure in general, since it implies greater construction
speed, reducing costs, saving time and improving the overall quality of the
work and subsistence.

An example of a construction system with the aforementioned characteristics

is prefabrication .

2.1.1. DRYWALL SYSTEM

The Drywall System has revolutionized our conventional
construction systems, firstly because it is more economical than
traditional construction based on brick and cement, quick to install,
light in weight, fire resistant, thermal, acoustic and seismically
resistant. The system is composed of metal profiles joined by screws,
then covered by gypsum rock plates and/or fiber cement.

Although the Drywall System was introduced in Peru in the mid-80s,

it was only around 1996 - 1997 that it became important and that is
why in recent years construction with Drywall has grown rapidly and
has gained a lot of popularity in our environment due to to the great
advantages it offers, compared to other types of prefabricated
systems and traditional construction.

ADVANTAGES OF THE DRYWALL SYSTEM

 Fast: Thanks to the short installation time, administrative and

financial costs are reduced by 35% compared to the traditional
construction system.

 Lightweight: Due to its weight of 25 Kg/m². approximately. One

sheet of drywall is equivalent to 2.98 m².

 Easy installation: With this system, the installations (electrical,

telephone, computing, sanitary, etc.) are built-in and are
assembled simultaneously inside the plates.
 Transportable: Because it is a light product, transportation is
facilitated by using a minimum of workers to or within the
construction.

 Recoverable: Due to the construction characteristics of Drywall,

80% of the material can be recovered to be used again when
cutting the plates.

 Thermal: Allows you to maintain each environment with its own

temperature, avoiding energy losses in places with air
conditioning or heating thanks to its thermal conductivity of 0.38
KCal/mhºC.

 Non-combustible: Draywall plate sheets are composed of 20%

crystallized water that, when in contact with fire, releases the
liquid, thus preventing its spread and significantly reducing the
possibility of fire.
Lightweight steel constructions are lightning-proof. The metal
structure conducts electrical discharges directly to the ground.

 Seismic: Because it is mounted on a metal structure, it offers

greater security than the traditional system. It has better seismic
resistant behavior than other systems.

 Acoustic: The ASTM in its E90-75 process qualifies Drywall as

a highly acoustic material.

 Durability: The Drywall System is dimensionally stable. It does

not expand or contract with changes in temperature or humidity.
It is immune to moth fungi.
The steel of the structure does not rust. Its surface comes with a
protective zinc or galvanized coating that guarantees long life.

 Economical: Being lighter, it reduces the size of the foundation

and structure. Therefore costs are reduced considerably.
As its construction is faster, the shorter execution time of the
work translates into lower financial costs.
It produces very little waste, which represents substantial savings
 in land clearing removal and site cleaning.
The steel of the structure is 100% recyclable.

 Convenience: Since the Drywall System is dry, there is no

moisture input during its construction.
Due to its speed of assembly, execution and cleaning, it is ideal
for remodeling and expansion projects.
It is easy to install. It does not require sophisticated tools.
Electrical and hydraulic installations are easier and faster than in
traditional masonry.
Ceiling and wall surfaces accept a wide range of finishes and
coatings.
The occupation of public space during the execution of the work
is minimal.

Illustration11 - Drywall
2.1.2. FELXIBLE FORMWORKS FOR COLUMNS
Innovative construction system very useful in large volume works,
because it adapts very well to all structural typologies and other
formwork systems.

Formwork for columns, thanks to its chemical composition,

maintains a suitable condition for storage outdoors, without
environmental degradation. In addition, they do not absorb water
during the setting process, improving the strength of the concrete in
less time, adhesion to the concrete is minimal and the concrete finish
is smooth. Does not require plastering.

Flexible formwork has the ability to merge straight and curved

shapes, with a “memory” effect. They also stand out for:

 Quick to assemble and disassemble.

 They reduce work times.

 Multiple reusability.

 Resistant and flexible.

 Great cost savings.

 Exact leveling to introduce the concrete.

 Radii of up to 1m can be formworked in sections.

 Individual shaping by cutting by the user.

 Illustration12 – Flexible Formwork

2.2. NEW CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

The new materials aim to reduce costs and times in construction works,
providing greater resistance and stability to the works.

2.2.1. SUPERBOAST

Superboard ST is a flat cement board resistant to moisture, weather and

impact. It is composed of cement, cellulose fiber, silica, water and natural
aggregates.

They are straight-edge construction plates, ideal for facades, eaves

and ceilings in areas where humidity exists, in small and medium-
sized projects.

It is manufactured under high quality standards, through an autoclave

process, where the plate is subjected to high pressure, temperature
and humidity, obtaining a plate with great dimensional stability and
high mechanical resistance.
 BENEFITS
 Resistant to humidity and weather, it does not rot or chip
 Durable and impact resistant
 Fireproof
 Immune to pests and rodents
 Unalterable to temperature changes
 Quick installation

APPLICATIONS
 Facade cladding of medium and small projects: Extensions,
homes
 Ceilings and eaves
 Exterior walls exposed to the elements
 Interior walls exposed to moisture
2.2.2. TRANSLUCENT CONCRETE
It is a polymer concrete composed of white cement, fine aggregates,
coarse aggregates, fibers and water plus the Ilum additive. It allows
the passage of light and develops mechanical characteristics superior
to that of traditional concrete.
COMPONENTS:
 White cement
 Fine aggregates
 Coarse aggregates
 Fiberglass
 Water
 Extra additives (Ilum)

ADVANTAGES

 Great cohesiveness
 High resistance and durability
 Has a uniform appearance
 Reduces lighting costs
 It is handled in different types of finishes
  Stripped after 24 hours of casting with 70% of its final
strength
 10 times more resistant
 100% waterproof
 Resistant to salt attack and withstands high temperatures

Illustration13 – Transparent concrete

2.2.3. PERMEABLE CONCRETE
Pervious concrete in its simplest definition is a mixture of cement ,
water, coarse aggregate and additives, resulting in a material with a
structure of interconnected voids that allow water and air, among
others, to pass through.

Permeable concrete pavements are a structure composed of an upper

layer of permeable concrete, a base like any pavement, which in this
case has the capacity to store and manage water, optionally a
drainage system that, depending on the needs, can be more or less
complex, and the natural supporting soil, which depending on its
properties can infiltrate water.

ADVANTAGES

 Longer useful life than its direct competitors.

 Award points in certifications for sustainable constructions.
 Simplifies drainage systems and reduces costs.
 It reduces the accumulation of water flows, cleans rainwater
and lowers the temperature, protecting the balance of
ecosystems.
 Reduces or eliminates the impact of development on existing
sewer lines.
 Feeds underground water reserves.
 It allows the passage of water and oxygen to the roots of the
trees.
 Mitigates the increase in ambient temperature due to
traditional urbanization.
 Eliminates water stagnation after heavy rains.
 Reduces the risk of hydroplaning and splashing.

Illustration14 – Permeable concrete

CHAPTER
III
3. TRENDS AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
3.1. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
Currently we have old and new structures on our streets, but in today's world
it is very important to know the new thoughts regarding civil engineering,
which is why we wanted to show in a clear and concise way the trends that
They await us in the future of construction, which in addition to efficiency
requires aesthetics and goes hand in hand with the environment.
Recognize the new trends that are currently being used, from simple
constructions to mega constructions, making known the developments and
advances that are emerging thanks to technology and a globalized world,
which have a greater impact on society.
3.1.1. BIOCLIMATIC HOUSES

They are those that achieve optimal habitability conditions with

minimal energy consumption. An intelligently designed, healthy and
self-regulated (self-sufficient) home, the houses have excellent
habitability conditions, with minimal consumption. The energy
needed for different activities, such as heating or simply heating a
cup of water, is extracted from free natural sources. Rain is stored
and water consumption is reduced by reusing it and not wasting it; It
is built with non-toxic materials, avoiding geopathogenic areas. A
comfortable and beautiful home, harmonious with the living
environment and, consequently, with the humans who enjoy it.

Illustration15 – Bioclimatic House

3.1.2. HELICAL BRIDGES
According to the information provided by the concessionaire
Autopistas del Café, as a solution to the instability of the slope and
the difference in height, a road layout was projected, including a
geometric figure of a helicoid (similar to the spiral of a spring), the
which, in the lower part, crosses the mountain in a tunnel and
continues the road on a viaduct (Helical Viaduct), thereby gaining 35
meters in height without affecting the neighboring slopes, that is,
with the least environmental impact.

This is an innovative solution that allows us to overcome typical

topographic conditions of the coffee mountains, in a clean and stable
way in the long term. The use of "inverted pendulum" seismic
isolators consists of cutting-edge technology, creating a structural
discontinuity, through the use of a hinge mechanism in which two
concave surfaces meet. This allows the bridge to "float" on the
seismic isolators in the event of a seismic movement; In other words,
the energy of an earthquake is not transmitted to the superstructure
and it is freed from that requirement.

Illustration16 – Helical Bridges

3.1.3. ARTIFICIAL ISLANDS

An artificial island is an island that has been formed by humans

rather than natural processes. They are generally built on some small
vein, using sand or rocks or as an expansion of one or several islands.
Traditional artificial islands are created using land reclaimed from the
sea, although some more recent structures are built similar to oil
platforms.

3.1.4.

Illustration17 – Artificial islands

SMART BUILDINGS

They are those buildings equipped with structured wiring that allows
their occupants to remotely control a series of automated devices
through a single command, that is, a single button can perform
several tasks at the same time. This concept of intelligent buildings
allows the control of light, temperature and humidity changes to be
automatically systematized and its occupants can personalize the
building's services.

ADVANTAGES
 Energy Consumption Efficiency
 Life insurance system
 Telecommunications Systems.
 Automation of work areas
Illustration18 – Smart buildings
GLOSSARY
TO
AND
 BOOM:
Growth and development of
 FOUNDED
something
Frame formed by a set of plates
or wood.
 ASSEMIC
It does not present movement
F
phenomena.
 RIVER
 ACOUSTIC
Shipping circulation channels
Related to sound.
through rivers.
 APPLICATION
Computer program or sets of
Yo
programs that perform a specific
job.
 INTERFACE
Device capable of transforming
c
signals generated by a device.
 COTA
R
High point of land or a
mountain.
 TO RENDER
Processing of an image or video.
d
V
 DISKETTE
High disk storage of computer
 VANGUARD
data.
Advanced part of something that
is always in trend.
 DRYWALL
Mixing cardboard with plaster.
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES

AGUILERA, J. C. (5 de Noviembre de 2010). SlideShare. Obtenido de

https://es.slideshare.net/sgoeowpw/tendencias-y-desarrollos-futuros-de-la-ingenieria-
civil-3?next_slideshow=1
Arango, S. (4 de Mayo de 2017). Blog 360 CONCRETO. Obtenido de
http://blog.360gradosenconcreto.com/concreto-permeable-desarrollo-urbano-de-bajo-
impacto-2/
Arcay, A. C. (2006). Las TIC y las discapacidades. Obtenido de
https://sites.google.com/site/3arcaybritoeacfgtpr02/tecnologia-en-la-ingenieria-civil
Arquitectos. (2017). Arquitectos-Perú. Obtenido de
http://www.arquitectos-peru.com/construccion_drywall.htm
Atom. (25 de Mayo de 2013). Blog. Obtenido de http://tecnologyic.blogspot.pe/
Ethernit. (2018). Ethernit Perú. Obtenido de http://www.eternit.com.pe/es-es/productos/galeria-
de-productos/sistema-drywall/superboard-st
Global, R. A. (9 de Mayo de 2013). Arcus-Global. Obtenido de
http://www.arcus-global.com/wp/la-tecnologia-y-la-ingenieria-civil/
Sanches, N. L. (16 de Mayo de 2014). civilgeeks. Obtenido de
https://civilgeeks.com/2014/05/16/como-influye-la-tecnologia-en-construccion-civil/
Villegas, K. (29 de Mayo de 2014). SlideShare. Obtenido de
https://es.slideshare.net/reb3L07/concreto-translucido-35246781
Wicited. (Enero de 2018). ElOficial. Obtenido de http://www.eloficial.ec/especial-sistemas-
constructivos-nuevos-sistemas-de-construccion-sustentables-y-de-alta-tecnologia/
ANNEXES