MAKALAH

Relative Clouse
Disusun untuk Memenuhi Tugas Mata Kuliah Writing Sentence

Dosen Pengampu:

Datulina Ginting, S. Pd, M. Hum

Disusun Oleh :
MUTIARA SUKMA PANJAITAN / 23052039

VIVIAN OKTAVIANY / 23052035

DEA YUPLITA / 23052031

GITA ROSALIA /23052030

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS

FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN

2023
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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................... 2
PREFACE ......................................................................................................................................... 3
CHAPTER 1 ..................................................................................................................................... 4
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................. 4
1.1BACKGROUND ...................................................................................................................... 4
1.2PROBLEM FORMULATION .................................................................................................. 4
1.3DESTINATION ....................................................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER 2 ..................................................................................................................................... 5
DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 DEFINITION OF RELATIVE CLAUSE ................................................................................. 5
2.2TYPES OF RELATIVE CLAUSE ............................................................................................ 6
CHAPTER 3 ..................................................................................................................................... 8
CLOSING ......................................................................................................................................... 8
3.1CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................ 8
3.2SUGGESTION ......................................................................................................................... 8
LITERATURE .................................................................................................................................. 9

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 PREFACE

Alhamdulillah, praise and gratitude are due to Allah Ta'ala. for the abundance of His grace
and gifts so that the paper entitled, "RELATIVE CLOUSE" can be completed properly. The
writing team hopes that this paper can increase knowledge and insight for readers about
Relative Clouse. Likewise, for the abundance of health and opportunities that Allah SWT has
given us so that we can compile this paper through several sources, namely through several
websites on the internet.

On this occasion, we would like to thank all those who have given us enthusiasm and
motivation in making this paper assignment. To our parents who have contributed a lot to us,
our lecturer Ma’am. Datulina Ginting, S. Pd, M. Hum and also to our friends who helped us
in various ways. We hope that the material contained in this paper can be useful for readers.
There is nothing perfect in the world, but Allah SWT. God is the Most Perfect, therefore we
ask for constructive criticism and suggestions for the improvement of our next paper.

Thus we make this paper, if there are errors in writing, or there is a discrepancy in the
material we raise in this paper, we apologize. The writing team welcomes the widest possible
criticism and suggestions from readers in order to make better paper work on the next
occasion.

Kisaran, 6 January, 2024

writer

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1BACKGROUND
In learning English grammar, there are a lot of little things that need to be learned. Not just
sentence structure, there are also types used to perfect sentences. Every sentence has its
constituent elements, ranging from words to clauses. Clauses have quite heterogeneous
varieties and types. Relative clauses are closely related to nouns. It has an important position,
in sentences, the relative clause functions as an additional adverb. So, what exactly is the
meaning of relative clause? How many types are there and how are they used? A deep
understanding of this concept is very important for language learners because it can enrich
their language skills.

1.2PROBLEM FORMULATION
Based on the background of the problem, the problem formulation can be formulated as
follows:
1. What exactly is the meaning of relative clause?
2. How many types are there?
3. How are they used?

1.3DESTINATION
This paper is designed to help readers understand what a relative clouse is, what types it is
and how to use it in a sentence.

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 CHAPTER 2

DISCUSSION

2.1 DEFINITION OF RELATIVE CLAUSE

A relative clause is a type of clause that functions to provide additional information about a
noun or noun phrase in a sentence. In other words, a relative clause acts as an explanatory
clause that details the meaning of the entity discussed in the sentence. Apart from playing an
explanatory role, relative clauses also have an important role in making sentences more
varied, adding details, and making the delivery of information more interesting. Relative
clause is a type of dependent clause that cannot stand alone. The grammatical function of the
relative clause is to “modify” the noun phrase that contains it. In other words, it describes or
limits the meaning of the noun phrase.

It is also known as an adjective clause because its function is similar to that of an adjective,
which is to give additional information to a noun. Relative clauses always start with a relative
pronoun that replaces a noun, noun phrase, or pronoun when multiple sentences are
combined. What are the relative pronouns?

 Who: Used to refer to a human object. It is used to replace the subject noun or
pronoun (he, she, we, they).
 Whom: Also used to refer to a human object. It is used to replace object nouns or
pronouns (him, her, us, them).
 Whose: Besides who and whom, there is whose which is also used to refer to human
objects. This pronoun is used to replace possessive nouns or pronouns (his, hers, our,
their).
 That: That can be used to refer to living objects such as humans, animals, and plants
and can also be used to replace inanimate objects.
 Which: Which has unique characteristics. Which can be the subject or object, can be
used in non-restrictive relative clauses, and can also be used in restrictive relative
clauses, although most people don't like to use it.

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The use of relative pronouns can be used as the subject or object in a sentence. Look at the
examples below.

Relative pronoun as subject

I like the person who was nice to me.

I hate the dog that bit me.
I am moving to Louisville, which is where the Muhammad Ali Museum is.

Relative pronoun as object

I like the bike. My father gave me the bike.

I like the bike that my father gave me

2.2TYPES OF RELATIVE CLAUSE

Relative clauses are divided into two types, defining relative clauses and non-defining
relative clauses. Both are used to provide information with different classifications. Defining
relative clause and non defining relative clause have different essences in a sentence.

1. Defining Relative Clause

Defining relative clauses are used to give important information about nouns that are people
or things. The information given is information that can give a clear understanding of a
person or thing. In a defining relative clause, the relative pronoun used is 'that' or 'which'
(used as a non-person noun pronoun), while for noun pronouns that are 'person', the relative
pronouns 'that' and 'who' are used.

Example of Defining Relative Clause:

-These are the books that I want to buy. (These are the books that I want to buy).
-I just saw the girl whom you called last night. (I just saw Amira the girl whom you called
last night).
-Diana likes the clothes that are hanging in the upper wardrobe. (Diana likes the clothes
hanging in the upper wardrobe).

Description: In the sentence above, the defining relative clause is located in the bold clause.
If the clause is omitted, the information received by the interlocutor will not be complete. The
interlocutor will not understand who 'the girl' is and which 'the books' are.

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 2. Non-defining relative clause
Non defining relative clauses are used as additional information. Its essence in the sentence is
not so absolute or not so important. If the non defining relative clause is omitted, the reader
or interlocutor can still understand what is meant. In a non defining relative clause, the
relative pronoun 'that' cannot be used.

Example of Non Defining Relative Clause:

Pasya, whose house is next to mine, gave me a birthday cake. (Pasya, whose house is next
to mine, gave me a birthday cake).
My camera, which I always kept well, is now broken. (My camera, which I always kept
well, is now broken).

Description: The non defining relative clauses in the sentence above are 'whose house is next
to mine' and 'which I always kept well'. If both relative clauses are omitted, the
person/speaker can still understand what is meant. In the first example, it is clear that 'Pasya'
is the person who gave 'me' the birthday cake. Whereas in the second example, it is clear that
the broken object is 'my camera'.

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 CHAPTER 3

CLOSING

3.1CONCLUSION
Relative Pronouns are those pronouns that introduce a relative clause and act as a connector
to the interdependent clause.

3.2SUGGESTION
The paper we wrote cannot be said to be perfect because there are still mistakes, because we
are only human and perfection belongs only to God of the universe.

And, we really appreciate criticism and suggestions from all parties and readers to improve
this paper in the future.

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 LITERATURE

Abidin, N. (2016). Analisis Kesalahan Siswa Dalam Menggunakan Relative Pronouns (Who, Whom,
Where, Whose) Pada Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Tarakan.

Sari, AM, Andayani, A., & Sumarlam, S. (2017). Penggunaan Klausa Relatif Pada
Pembelajar BIPA di Unit Pelaksana Teknis (UPT) Bahasa Universitas Sebelas Maret
Surakarta. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Ilmiah Kebahasaan dan Kesusastraan , 9 (1), 45-64.

Shafariana, S. (2022). PENGGUNAAN KLAUSA RELATIF DALAM ARTIKEL “RAGAM

PERMAINAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BERBICARA BIPA” OLEH RENI
ARTANA. KLASIKAL: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN, PENGAJARAN BAHASA DAN
ILMU PENGETAHUAN , 4 (3), 804-817.