Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 13 views

    Summary of The Text "Knowledge, Science and Epistemology" ..... Author: Esther Díaz

    Uploaded by

    ScribdTranslations
    The document summarizes the differences between common sense knowledge and scientific knowledge, and explains key concepts such as science, epistemology, context of discovery, and context of justification. It also discusses the particular characteristics and challenges of the social sciences, whose object of study is the human subject with decision-making capacity and cultural expression.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Summary of The Text "Knowledge, Science and Epistemology" ..... Author: Esther Díaz

    Uploaded by

    ScribdTranslations
    13 views6 pages
    The document summarizes the differences between common sense knowledge and scientific knowledge, and explains key concepts such as science, epistemology, context of discovery, and context of justification. It also discusses the particular characteristics and challenges of the social sciences, whose object of study is the human subject with decision-making capacity and cultural expression.

    Original Description:

    The document summarizes the differences between common sense knowledge and scientific knowledge, and explains key concepts such as science, epistemology, context of discovery, and context of justification. It also discusses the particular characteristics and challenges of the social sciences, whose object of study is the human subject with decision-making capacity and cultural expression.

    Original Title

    Summary of the Text "Knowledge, Science and Epistemology" ..... Author: Esther Díaz

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document summarizes the differences between common sense knowledge and scientific knowledge, and explains key concepts such as science, epistemology, context of discovery, and context of justification. It also discusses the particular characteristics and challenges of the social sciences, whose object of study is the human subject with decision-making capacity and cultural expression.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    13 views6 pages

    Summary of The Text "Knowledge, Science and Epistemology" ..... Author: Esther Díaz

    Uploaded by

    ScribdTranslations
    The document summarizes the differences between common sense knowledge and scientific knowledge, and explains key concepts such as science, epistemology, context of discovery, and context of justification. It also discusses the particular characteristics and challenges of the social sciences, whose object of study is the human subject with decision-making capacity and cultural expression.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    TIERRA DEL FUEGO NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

    COMMISSION “5” – ICSE

    SUBJECT: READING AND WRITING IN SOCIAL SCIENCES

    TEACHER IN CHARGE: PAULINA DE MARZIANI

    STUDENT: NELSON FERNANDO RECABAL

    DELIVERY DATE: 02/26/2019.

    ACTIVITY: SUMMARY OF THE TEXT “KNOWLEDGE, SCIENCE AND EPISTEMOLOGY”

    AUTHOR: ESTHER DÍAZ


    Knowledge is a way of relating to reality; it describes, explains and predicts a fact. To describe

    is to state the characteristics of an object or state of affairs, to explain is to relate the reasons that produce

    or allow an event, to predict is to anticipate it before it occurs and to retrodict is to explain how it occurred.

    Knowledge can be common sense or scientific, both apparently similar but differentiated in several ways,

    mainly in the way each is legitimized. The first based on the daily experience of ordinary people and the

    scientific one supported by some legal instance that guarantees its reliability. In scientific knowledge,

    legality fundamentally comes from the precision and coherence of the statements and their contrast with

    empirical reality, which all knowledge that aspires to be scientific must have.

    COMMON SENSE KNOWLEDGE AND SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE

    The acquisition of reliable knowledge began with the human species, each individual manages to

    ensure the appropriate skills and information to survive, develop and relate to the environment and other

    individuals.

    Archaeological evidence shows that ancient human beings had information management about

    their natural environment that allowed them to function. Archaic man used mythical thinking, deifying the

    forces of nature. In the 7th century BC rational thought began to form. They stopped appealing to

    supernatural forces to explain phenomena. The foundations of our current rationality began to be

    established.

    The knowledge of science is rigorous, limited, disciplined and precise, it fundamentally

    addresses the quantifiable and measurable aspects of the world. It is characterized by being:

     Descriptive, explanatory and predictive: Describes accurately and tries to refrain from value

    judgments. He deduces his explanations from a system of laws.


     Critical – analytical: It is characterized by criticism and analysis. Scientific knowledge then makes

    explicit the foundations of its claims through analysis, interpretation and judgment, exposing itself

    to external criticism.

     Methodical and systematic: Scientific methods are systematically articulated in the structures of

    scientific theories.

     Controllable: Scientific statements are controllable by elements of factual judgment.

     Unified: The idea that knowledge must be unified within each scientific discipline is still valid. It is

    about managing the same system of signs, agreeing on certain types of methods and agreeing on

    meanings.

     Logically consistent: In contrast to the past, today the logical rigor of scientific propositions

    continues to be required, not in the sense of absolute formalization but of internal coherence and

    empirical validation of the theories.

     Communicable through precise language: Scientific language eliminates ambiguity, is precise,

    univocal, neutral and aims to inform and in recent years the new postulate is the English language.

     Objective: Scientific knowledge meets this characteristic, being considered even more objective,

    the more intersubjective coincidences it obtains.

     Provisional: Scientific laws are propositions of universal scope. Observational consequences are

    deduced from them, from which observational statements of singular scope can be derived, feasible

    to be contrasted with empirical experience to determine their truth value. The fact that the

    observational statement is revealed to be true does not authorize us to affirm that the law from

    which it derives is also true since it cannot be verified with experience because it is universal,

    therefore it is exposed to a new contrast that could occur. refute it.

    SCIENCE
    Scientific knowledge is part of Science, but the latter is more comprehensive. The term

    science has two main meanings, one of greater extension, which refers to the knowledge that each

    historical era considers solid. The other sense is more precise, it refers to the knowledge that

    emerged between the 16th and 17th centuries whose founders were Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo and

    Newton. We can consider natural sciences as hard sciences, social sciences as soft sciences, and

    Physics and Mathematics as hard sciences.

    EPISTEMOLOGY

    It is a philosophical discipline also called philosophy of science. It is a specialized

    philosophical reflection that has been consolidated as a discipline. In 1929, in Vienna, philosophers

    and scientists formed an association for reflection on scientific knowledge. They tried to clarify the

    language of science, they wanted any discipline to be governed by the method of the natural

    sciences.

    Positivism (Comte) considers that the history of culture has gone through three stages: the

    theological, where man explained phenomena through the intervention of divine beings; the

    metaphysician explained them through rational but abstract ideas and positivism, where phenomena

    begin to be explained through laws and explanations that cannot be verified are rejected.

    There were also various currents such as Neopositivism and Critical Rationalism. Currently, the

    theoretical descendants of these currents are allies and reach agreements on:

     The conviction that human reason is reduced to the limits of scientific rationality.

     The demand to unify and formalize the language of science.

     The prescription of the ethical neutrality of science.


     The mandate that epistemology should concentrate on the logical structure of theories without

    addressing the problems of the science-society relationship.

     The determination of a single method for all sciences.

    It can be said that all the positions opposed to Neopositivism, even with their great theoretical

    differences, find points of agreement in which reflection on the scientific must go beyond mere reflection

    on structures empty of content and they also agree in defending the methodological independence of the

    sciences. social and scientific level.

    CONTEXT OF DISCOVERY AND CONTEXT OF JUSTIFICATION

    They are two areas to which the production and validation of scientific theories responds.

    The context of discovery includes the way in which researchers arrive at their conjectures,

    hypotheses, or statements.

    The context of justification covers everything related to the validation of scientific knowledge, it

    refers to the logical structure of the theories and their subsequent testing, it is the context of objectivity

    where the methodology is developed and the means to carry it out are implemented. carry out

    investigations.

    THE PROBLEM OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES

    Laws describe, explain and predict. They point out the invariant relationships between

    phenomena. In the social sciences we are not dealing with causal determinisms, but with situations made

    up of multiple relationships, by plexuses of interacting forces.


    The human sciences, then, are not exact, they are not causal, but they are rigorous, like any

    activity that claims to be scientific. They can interact with any other type of science, as well as with other

    social disciplines. Sociology, linguistics, economics and all other scientific disciplines that study man are

    social sciences. The object of study of the social sciences is the subject. We can say then that the

    characteristics of the object of study of the social sciences are:

     The ability to make decisions, as long as you are free.

     Being subject to non-voluntary drives, as long as it has the unconscious.

     Being able to express oneself rationally through articulate language.

     Being able to interact and influence the social symbolic system as it is part of culture.

    The social scientist does not study a natural being, but rather a cultural being that has the

    possibility of influencing its own existential conditions.

    You might also like