Rates of Change Assignment

By Inderjit Singh Sidhu

ANSWER1.
y = 2x3 + 7x2 + 2x – 3
First we calculate value of y at x=3 then x=5

y(3)=120 and y(5)= 432

𝒚(𝟓)−𝒚(𝟑) 312
so we use the formula = = 156 is the answer
5−3 2

ANSWER2.
a. F(x) = 2x2 + 3x + 1
The secant method calculates the average rate of change over a small interval and then lets that
interval shrink towards zero, which corresponds to finding the derivative of the function.

To find the instantaneous rate of change when x = 1 for the function F(x) = 2x^2 + 3x + 1, we'll
calculate the derivative of the function and evaluate it at x = 1.

The derivative of F(x) with respect to x, denoted as F'(x), represents the instantaneous rate of
change at any given point. Let's find the derivative of F(x):

𝑑𝑦
F'(x) = 𝑑𝑥 (2x^2 + 3x + 1)
= 4x + 3

Now, to find the instantaneous rate of change when x = 1, we substitute x = 1 into F'(x):

F'(1) = 4(1) + 3
=4+3
=7

Therefore, the instantaneous rate of change of the function F(x) = 2x^2 + 3x + 1 when x = 1 is
equal to 7.

b.
the derivative at x=1 can be found using the limit definition of derivative
f'(1) = limit(h -> 0) [(f(1 + h) - f(1)) / 1+h-1]

f(1 + h) = 2(1 + h)^2 + 3(1 + h) + 1 = 2(1 + 2h + h^2) + 3(1 + h) + 1 = 2h^2 + 7h + 6

f'(1) = limit(h -> 0) [(2h^2 + 7h + 6 - 6) / h]
= limit(h -> 0) [2h + 7]
= 2(0) + 7 = 7
Answer is 7

ANSWER3.
The secant line represents the average rate change between 2 points on a function, while the
tangent line represents the instantaneous rate of change at a single point. The tangent line can
be seen as limit of the secant lines as the two points get infinitely close together. The slope of
both lines provides information about the rate of change of the function, but the tangent line
captures the precise rate change at a specific point.

ANSWER4.
a.
Average Rate of Change = (d(3) - d(1)) / (3 - 1)
(16 − 8)
= 2
8
=2
=4

b.
let h=0.001
using secant method
Average Rate of Change = (d(2 + h) - d(2)) / (2 + h - 2)
(13.008 − 13)
= (0.001)
≈ 0.008 / 0.001
≈8

ANSWER5.
lim(x -> 2) (3x3 + 7x - 16)

= 3(2)3 + 7(2) – 16 = 3(8) + 14 – 16 = 22

By evaluating the limit helps us understand the behavior of a function as the input value
approaches a particular point. In this case, as x gets arbitrarily close to 2, the function
approaches a value of 22. This implies that the function's output becomes increasingly close to
22 as x approaches 2.

ANSWER 6.
a.
wWe cannot find limit by substituting x=4 as it gives 0, so
we can use algebraic simplification. Notice that the numerator can be factored as a difference of
squares:

x^2 - 16 = (x - 4)(x + 4)

Now we can simplify the function:

[(x − 4)(x + 4)]

f(x) = (x − 4).

x - 4) cancels out in the numerator and denominator:

f(x) = x + 4
f(4) = 4 + 4

=8

b.
As x approaches infinity, the dominant term in the numerator is 8x^3, and in denominator, it is
6x^3, so by dividing all terms by x^3, we can simplify it-

(8x^3 − 5x^2 + 17)

f(x) =
(6x^3 + 2x^2 − 4x)
(8 − 5/x + 17/x^3)
= (6 + 2/x − 4/x^2)
As x approaches infinity, the terms involving 1/x or 1/x^2 tend to zero:

(8 − 5/x + 17/x^3)
lim(x -> ∞) (6 + 2/x − 4/x^2)

(8 − 0 + 0)
= (6 + 0 − 0)
4
=3

c.
we use algebraic manipulation to simplify the expression:
(√(49+h) − 7)
f(h) = ℎ
multiplying both terms by (√(49+h) + 7)
(√(49+h) − 7) (√49+h+7)
= ℎ
*
√49+h+7)
ℎ
= h(√(49+h) + 7))
1
= (√(49+h) + 7))
Now substitute h = 0 -
1
f(0) = (√(49) + 7))
1
= 7+7
1
= 14

d.
y3−8)
lim(y -> -2) (2y2 − 7y + 12)]
((−2)^3 − 8)
= [2(−2)^2 − 7(−2) + 12)
( −8 − 8)
= (8 + 14 + 12)
−16
= 34

−8
= 17

e.
simply substituting h=0 gives 0/0 which is indefinite so we use algebraic manipulation to
simplify:

4
( − 2)
2+ℎ
ℎ
=
 4 − 4 − 2ℎ
( )
2+ℎ
ℎ

=
=
−2ℎ
( )
2+ℎ
ℎ
=
−2
2+ℎ

Now put h = 0 into the simplified expression:

−2
lim(h -> 0) 2+0
= -2/2
= -1

ANSWER 7.
To find the slope of tangent line at the point (-2, 2) on the curve f(x) = 2x^2 + 3x, we will find the
derivative of the function and evaluate it at x = -2.

The derivative we got is

f'(x) = 4x + 3

no at x = -2:

f'(-2) = 4(-2) + 3
= -8 + 3
= -5

The slope of the tangent line at the point (-2, 2) is equal to the value of the derivative at x = -2,
which is -5.

ANSWER 8.
Find derivative of f(x) = x2 - 10x + 3 using first principles
[f(x + h) − f(x)]
f'(x) = lim(h -> 0) ℎ

Let's calculate f(x + h) first:

f(x + h) = (x + h)2 - 10(x + h) + 3

 = x2 + 2hx + h2 - 10x - 10h + 3

Now, substitute the values of f(x + h) and f(x) into the definition of the derivative:

[(x2 + 2hx + h2 − 10x − 10h + 3) − (x2 − 10x + 3)]

f'(x) = lim(h -> 0) ℎ

Simplify-
2hx + h2 − 10h
f'(x) = lim(h -> 0) ℎ

= lim(h -> 0) [h(2x + h - 10)] / h

=lim(h -> 0) 2x + h - 10

Now as h approaches 0:

f'(x) = 2x – 10

c.
f'(x) = 2x - 10
2x - 10 = 0

Solving for x, we have:

2x = 10
x=5

So, when f'(x) = 0, the x-value is 5.

To determine the behavior of f(x) at this critical point, we can analyze the sign of f'(x) in the
intervals surrounding x = 5. If f'(x) changes sign from negative to positive as x crosses the critical
point, it indicates a local minimum. Conversely, if f'(x) changes sign from positive to negative, it
indicates a local maximum.

ANSWER 9.

the derivative of f(x):

f(x) = x2 - 7x + 12
f'(x) = 2x - 7

Now, evaluate f'(x) at x = 2:

f'(2) = 2(2) - 7
=4-7
= -3

tangent line slope at the point (2, 2) is -3.

using point --slope form of a line formula

y - y1 = m(x - x1)

where (x1, y1) is the point (2, 2) and m is the slope (-3).

Putting in the values, we have:

y - 2 = -3(x - 2)
y - 2 = -3x + 6
y = -3x + 8 is the equation of tangent line

ANSWER 10.
First, we need to find the x-coordinate of the point of tangency.

let's find the derivative of the parabola y = 3x^2 + 2x. The derivative represents the slope of the
tangent line at any given point on the curve.
f(x) = 3x2 + 2x
f'(x) = 6x + 2

Since the tangent line is parallel to the line y = 10x - 2, its slope must be equal to the slope of
the line, which is 10. Therefore, we set the derivative equal to 10 and solve for x:

6x + 2 = 10
6x = 8
x = 8/6
x = 4/3

Now, we have the x-coordinate where the tangent line is parallel to the line y = 10x - 2. To find
the y-coordinate, we put this x-value into the equation of the parabola:

y = 3(4/3)2 + 2(4/3)
y = 4 + 8/3
y = 12/3 + 8/3
y = 20/3