Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 14 views

    Biochemistry Clinical Pathology CH 8 Metabolism Notes

    Uploaded by

    shubhm008

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Biochemistry Clinical Pathology CH 8 Metabolism Notes

    Uploaded by

    shubhm008
    14 views6 pages

    Original Title

    Biochemistry-Clinical-Pathology-CH-8-Metabolism-Notes

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    14 views6 pages

    Biochemistry Clinical Pathology CH 8 Metabolism Notes

    Uploaded by

    shubhm008

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    Diploma in pharmacy 2nD year NOTES Biochemistry & Clinical Pathology

    This is an Education Platform

    We provide Free PDF Notes and Videos Classes for Pharmacy Students
    Web Site http://www.fdspharmacy.in/

    You tube https://www.youtube.com/c/FDSpharmacy

    What app https://chat.whatsapp.com/IzSgXtFEvhS4LN5xhUgq5z

    Telegram https://t.me/Fdspharmacy

    Face book https://www.facebook.com/61550107538313/

    E-mail [email protected]
    Diploma in Pharmacy 2nd Year
    Biochemistry & Clinical Pathology
    Chapter 5 : Nucleic acids
    Topics Page No
    Nucleic acids 3
    Definition, purine and pyrimidine bases
    Components of nucleosides and nucleotides with 3
    examples
    Structure of DNA (Watson and Crick model), 4
    RNA and their functions
    Biochemistry & clinical pathology
    Chapter 5
    Nucleic acids
     Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA) are formed by the polymerization of Nucleotide Subunits.
     Nucleic Acids are made up of a ribose sugar, nitrogenous base & Phosphate group.
     Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) & Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) are two types of nucleic acids that act
    as sources and carriers of genetic Information.

    Composition of Nucleotide

    Composition of Nucleotide

    Phosphate Group Pentose Sugar Nitrogenous base


    (Deoxyribose, Purines
    ribose) Pyrimidine

     Purine : They Contain two carbon nitrogen rings one of them is 6 membered and other is 5
    membered
     Example : Adenine, Guanine.
     Pyrimidine : It is 6 membered carbon nitrogen ring at the 1st & 3rd position it contain
    N(Nitrogen) instead of carbon
     Example : Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil.

    Component of Nucleoside & Nucleotide


     Nucleoside : It is made up with the combination of Pentose sugar and nitrogenous base by
    glycosidic bond.
     Nucleotide : Are Organic Substance made up of nucleoside and phosphate.
    Or
     Nucleotide are organic substance made up of pentose sugar, Nitrogenous base, phosphate
    group.
    DNA ( Deoxyribonucleic Acid )
     DNA ( a polymer molecule ) is made up of monomeric units called nucleotides.
     Polymer is known as polynucleotide.
     A 5-Carbon sugar (deoxyribose), nitrogenous base attack to the sugar and a
    phosphate group.

    Watson and Crick model of DNA


     DNA as an acidic substance present in the nucleus was first identified by Frederich Meischer in
    1869. He named it as 'nucleon'. Due to technical limitations in isolating such a long polymer
    intact the elucidation of structure of DNA remained elusive for a long period of time.
     It was only in 1953 that James Watson and Francis Crick proposed the very simple but famous
    double helix model for the structure of DNA.
     The main opposition was base pairing between the two strands of polynucleotide chains

    The salient features of double helix structure of DNA are as follows :


     It is made up of two polynucleotide chains.
     The two chains have antiparallel polarity if one has polarities and the second chain must have
    polarity.
     The base into strands is paired through hydrogen bond forming base pairs. Adenine forms to
    hydrogen bonds with thymine from opposite strands and vice versa.
     Similarly guanine forms three H bonds with cytosine. As a result, purine comes opposite to
    pyrimidine.
     Because of this approximate a uniform distance between the two strengths of The Helix occurs.
     The two chains are called in a right-handed fashion. Pitch of the helix is and there are roughly
    10bp in each turn.
     The plane of one base pair is stacked over the other in a double helix. This confirms stability of
    the helical structure.

    Function of DNA
    1. Genetic Information : It transfer genetic information from mother to the child.
    2. Replication : It makes its copy during cell division.
    3. Transcription : When RNA is formed from DNA it is called transcription.
    4. DNA finger print : It help to determine the identity of suspected person on the basis of
    nucleotide sequences

    Structure of RNA
     Ribonucleic Acid RNA is a long unbranched macromolecule consisting of nucleotides joined by
    3| to 5| Phosphodiester bonds.
     RNA is a single stand dose not contain regions of double helical structure.
     RNA contain ribose sugar instead of 2-deoxyribose that present in DNA.
     The Structure of RNA Molecule was described by Robert William Holley in 1965.
     It contain four major bases such as
     Purine base : Adenine & Guanine
     Pyrimidine base : Cytosine & Uracil
     RNA Pairs
     Adenine with Uracil
     Cytosine with Guanine

    Types of RNA / Function


     mRNA : It takes genetic massages from DNA and help in protein synthesis.
     t-RNA : It transfer amino acids to the codes information of mRNA.
     r-RNA ( ribose RNA ) : It play an important role in protein synthesis.
    Hello
    Friends
    If you Get Any Help From This Notes /
    Videos
    Next You Turn To Help Us
    Please Contribute Some Amount
    To Our
    FDSPharmacy Team
    Phone pe 6398439940
    Paytm 6398439940
    Google Pay 6398439940

    You might also like