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1st International Conference on Green and Sustainable Computing (ICoGeS) 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1019 (2018)
1234567890 ‘’“” 012079 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1019/1/012079

Design of an Arduino-based home fire alarm system with GSM

module

N N Mahzan, N I M Enzai, N M Zin and K S S K M Noh

Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Terengganu,
23000 Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], kusyahidah@
uitm.edu.my

Abstract. This paper describes the design of a home fire alarm with Arduino-based system by means
of GSM Module. The project purposely is for house safety where the main point is to avoid the fire
accidents occurred to the residents and the properties inside the house as well. It utilizes Arduino
Uno board in conjunction with ATmega328 chip. The main controller used is certainly the
ATmega328 which controls the home fire alert subjected to the temperature sensor. An LM35
temperature sensor is used to detect the heat from the fire. An alert message will be sent to the user
via short message service (SMS) via GSM module. When the system detects the temperature of 40 0C
or more, it will immediately display an alert notification on LCD display and simultaneously sending
an SMS alert to the users upon the high raise temperature in the house. Results from the test are
documented and discussed. Through this system, it can help users to improve their safety standards
by having immediate response in preventing accidents. This will eventually allow the users to protect
their lives and the properties as well from the disaster.

1. Introduction
Amongst the occurred disasters happened in the resident area, fires have been known as the dangerous
tragedy that could cause destruction, property and life losses [1]–[4]. In many disasters, fires have
become recurrent, destructive and most influential disasters if compared to others hazards. With the rapid
development of urban construction, the occurrence probability of the great fire and other special disaster
also increased year by year [5]–[7]. Fires in the early detection and early warning are two important ways
to extinguish the fire promptly and avoid great casualties and property loss. Therefore, the requirement of
placing intelligent fire alarm system is important within buildings especially in the buildings where
contain many people inside or valuable belongings.
According to the statistic stated by Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia (JBPM), in 2016
only, almost 5500 of fire cases reported are concerned with the households followed by transportations,
electrical appliances and leaking gasses [8]. Fires in the households are often triggered by many common
factors investigated which are from cooking equipment, smoking in the house, electrical appliances,
candles, curious children, faulty wiring and many more. If the fire occurs when the residents are in the
house, the possibility to extinguish the fire is a bit high. It is because the residents themselves can take
immediate precaution from the fire to be spread all over by using fire extinguisher or call the fireman

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1st International Conference on Green and Sustainable Computing (ICoGeS) 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1019 (2018)
1234567890 ‘’“” 012079 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1019/1/012079

instantly. The main concern of this project is when the residents are not at home or are not aware of the
existence of the fire in the house. Having said that, the home fire alert is purposely designed to alert the
house residents whenever any possibilities for having fire disaster prompted in their house.
For this project, the development of home fire alert is built based on Arduino board as the main
controller board that interacts with GSM module which works in the communication part. The interaction
is for the user to know the current situation in the house. This system works totally on wireless network
communication as GSM module is performed by sending an SMS to the user. The microcontroller inside
the Arduino board is used as the mastermind of the circuit where it controls the circuit flows and execute
all the decision as well.
The GSM Module is responsible for the communication part of the circuit. It takes information
from the Arduino on where to send information and what information needs to be sent. It uses a GSM SIM
card for communication purposes. It is basically just a modem which uses serial communication to
interface with and needs Hayes compatible AT commands for communicating with the Arduino. The alert
message and the phone number of the recipient are given by the user through the project codes. As soon as
fire is detected (temperature will hit certain temperature limit) an SMS will be sent to the recipient’s
phone number from the SIM card inserted into the module for giving information to the user upon fire
detection in the house.

2. Methodology
Basically, the design and development of this project are divided into two main parts which are hardware
architecture and software details. In the hardware architecture, the design of the circuit was constructed
and the prototype of the project was built. While in the software development, the whole complete
prototype was operated via programming codes.

2.1 Hardware architecture

Since Arduino is the main board, microcontroller on it which is ATmega328 is used as the main controller
to manage the circuit accordingly. It is a well-known open source microcontroller-based kit for creating
digital devices and interactive tool that can interact with LEDs, LCD display, switches, buttons, motors,
speakers and many more. The Arduino system offers a set of analog and digital pins that can be integrated
to many other boards and circuits which absolutely have different functions in a design. Arduino board
provides a USB serial communication interfaces for loading the codes from computer. To do the codes,
Arduino has prepared its own software called integrated development environment (IDE) which
completely supports C and C++ programming languages. Figure 1 shows the Arduino UNO board that is
used throughout the project.

Figure 1. The Arduino UNO board which uses microcontroller ATmega328 onboard.

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1st International Conference on Green and Sustainable Computing (ICoGeS) 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1019 (2018)
1234567890 ‘’“” 012079 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1019/1/012079

For GSM module, GSM SIM900A type is selected to carry the task in communication part. It can operate
on Dual-Band 900-1800 MHz and designed solely for outside Europe and USA usage. It has an
established performance, industrial grade interface standard plus embedded TCP/IP protocol which makes
it to be presentable and suitable for the electronics project [9]. Since it consumes small of power in its
operation, thus it is said able to communicate with any low power consumption microcontroller. It can be
interfaced by using many interfaces which some are I2C, SPI interface, PWM, antenna pad, two serial
interface and so forth. Figure 2 shows the GSM SIM900A device before connecting to the Arduino board.

Figure 2. The GSM SIM900A module to communicate with Arduino board.

Other than the two main components mentioned, another component which is essential in this project is
the temperature/heat sensor. LM35 is chosen for measuring the temperature since it is an analog and linear
temperature sensor which has a linear relationship between output voltage and temperature changes (oC).
Besides, the LM35 does not require external calibration to deliver the accuracy of ±(1/4) oC at room
temperature or ±(8/4) oC at the temperature range of -55oC to +150oC [10]. Due to its low-input
impedance, linear output, and accurate inherent calibration of LM35, it does make the sensor’s readout
and control circuitry interfacing become easy [10], [11]. The device is usually used with single power
supply or with plus or minus supplies. It can receive an input range of -2V up to 35V and result the output
voltage range of -1V to 6V. Figure 3 displays the LM35 sensor which is used to measure the temperature
for this project.

Figure 3. LM35 sensor by Texas Instrument.

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1st International Conference on Green and Sustainable Computing (ICoGeS) 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1019 (2018)
1234567890 ‘’“” 012079 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1019/1/012079

Figure 4 presents the block diagram for the home fire alert while figure 5 displays the hardware
architecture of the system. The hardware design entails of two main components which are the
connections between Arduino UNO and the GSM SIM900A and Arduino UNO with the temperature
sensor, LM35. When a fire has broken out in the house, LM35 will trigger the heat. Upon reaching the
temperature of 40oC, it will directly send signal to the Arduino informing the high temperature. The
increased temperature will make the Arduino to alert the user about the situation through GSM module.
An SMS will be sent promptly to the user to let the user know the existence of the fire in the house. At the
same time, existence of the fire will be notified as well on the LCD display.

GSM module

LM35 (temperature Microcontroller in

sensor) Arduino UNO

LCD Display

Figure 4. Block diagram of the home fire alert system.

Figure 5. Hardware architecture of the home fire alert.

2.2 Software development

The software of the project is based on the flow chart in figure 6. When the system begins, LM35 will
always sense the surrounding temperature. Whenever a fire is broken out, even a small little fire, a
temperature rise is occurred. When that happens, LM35 can detect the temperature value instantly. At the
time when the temperature reaches 40oC or above, microcontroller on the Arduino UNO board will notify

4
1st International Conference on Green and Sustainable Computing (ICoGeS) 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1019 (2018)
1234567890 ‘’“” 012079 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1019/1/012079

GSM module to send an alert message to the user. Value of temperature limit that can be triggered by
LM35 can be changed in the code upon request by the user. The limit is not constrained to any value since
the LM35 sensitively senses any surrounding heat with regards to the temperature range it can count (-
55oC to +150oC). During hot weather in Malaysia, the temperature can reach up to almost 38oC. Thus, the
limit temperature to be detected; 40oC is definitely agreeable in accordance to the Malaysia’s weather.
Figure 6 and 7 illustrate the flow chart of the home fire alert and the pseudo codes it represents for the
project respectively. By referring to both figures, the complete program can be constructed later in
Arduino IDE software.

Start

N
Temp >= 40 deg C?

 GSM sends SMS START

 LCD displays IF TEMPERATURE >= 40 DEG
“Fire alert!!” GSM ACTIVATED
SEND SMS TO USER
DISPLAY “FIRE ALERT!” ON LCD
DISPLAY
ELSE
CHECK TEMPERATURE AGAIN
End

Figure 6. Flowchart of the home fire alert system. Figure 7. Pseudo code for the project based on the
flow chart.

2.3 Schematic diagram

The overall project schematic diagram is shown in figure 8. While figure 9 illustrates the connection
schematic diagram between Arduino UNO board with LM35 and GSM module. Since the Proteus©
software does not have the GSM module component, it is replaced with the input connector available
which the connector pins will be attached directly to the Arduino UNO board. For the particular part of
detecting fire from LM35, the code is written and portrayed in figure 10. In the code, measured
temperature from surrounding is basically identified in voltage. It is because LM35 is an analog sensor
which values voltage unit. The voltage unit received will then be converted into knowable standard SI
unit; degree Celcius in the subroutine called ‘CheckTemp()’.

5
1st International Conference on Green and Sustainable Computing (ICoGeS) 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1019 (2018)
1234567890 ‘’“” 012079 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1019/1/012079

Figure 8. Project schematic diagram. Figure 9. Schematic diagram for connection

between Arduino UNO board with GSM module
and LM35.

Figure 10. The program code for measuring Figure 11. The program code for checking
temperature. temperature and converting it to degree Celcius.

3. Result and discussion

Few tests were done to observe the system’s performance. The tests were completed by applying heat near
to the LM35. Figure 12 shows the condition which the LM35 is in ready mode (ready to detect fire but
detect none). Figure 13 displays when the LM35 detected fire and alert message will appear on the LCD
display. While figure 14 exhibits the condition after the fire has been put out. Figure 15 reveals the SMS
received by the user when fire alert is notified by the system.

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1st International Conference on Green and Sustainable Computing (ICoGeS) 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1019 (2018)
1234567890 ‘’“” 012079 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1019/1/012079

Figure 12. When fire is still not detected but LM35 Figure 13. When fire is detected.
is in ready mode.

Figure 14. When the fire has been put out. Figure 15. SMS received by the user to notify the
fire existence.

Table 1 shows the analysis of the output temperature during the test measurements. When fire is noticed,
LCD display only shows the readiness of LM35 sensor to detect fire. As soon as LM35 detects fire, LCD
display will notify user on the display screen “Fire alert!” which is synchronized with the SMS sent by
GSM module to the user alerting the fire existence. After fire has been stopped, LCD display will show
“Fire shut! Safe now” on the screen.

7
1st International Conference on Green and Sustainable Computing (ICoGeS) 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1019 (2018)
1234567890 ‘’“” 012079 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1019/1/012079

Table 1. The analysis of the output temperature on LCD display and GSM module.
Components
Before detecting fire When detecting fire After detecting fire
involved
LCD Display “Fire scan – on” “Fire alert!” “Fire shut! Safe now”
GSM - Fire in HOUSE! -

4. Conclusion
This project has been made in order to help building owner to overcome the problem which is fire
spreading whenever the owner is not in the building. The unpredictable situation or critical situation
always occurs in the building or resident areas without the residents’ notice. Based on the results obtained,
the home alert system is doable and functional to the residents to protect their houses. In fact the system
built is cheap in value compared to other existing alarm system in the market and easy to apply to the
houses. The ability to detect heat or high temperature is undeniable because of the use of LM35 in the
system. This device can be applied in varied areas due to its flexibility and simplicity in handling; for
instance in houses, hostels, hotel industries, factories, vehicle industries and many more areas which are
related to the crowd, people or beneficial things. Users can simply apply the device in their interested area
to protect the area from the existence of fire. Whenever the temperature reaches the limit (40oC), the
device will instantly alert the users by sending a message via GSM. This will make the users become
aware of the dangerous situation and can easily prevent it from happening by quick prevention (use fire
extinguisher, call firemen etc.).

Acknowledgements
We would like to thank all technicians in the FKE lab UiTM Cawangan Terengganu Kampus Dungun for
their assistance throughout this project. The help and comments for the project have greatly improved the
manuscript.

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