Chapter-8

Momentum, Impulse and Collisions

Test your Understanding (TYU)

1. Test Your Understanding of Section 8.2: A spring-loaded toy sits at rest on a

horizontal, frictionless surface. When the spring releases, the toy breaks into three equal-
mass pieces, A, B, and C, which slide along the surface. Piece A moves off in the
negative x-direction, while piece B moves off in the negative y-direction. (a) What are
the signs of the velocity components of piece C? (b) Which of the three pieces is moving
the fastest?

2. Test Your Understanding of Section 8.3: For each situation, state whether the collision
is elastic or inelastic. If it is inelastic, state whether it is completely inelastic. (a) You
drop a ball from your hand. It collides with the floor and bounces back up so that it just
reaches your hand. (b) You drop a different ball from your hand and let it collide with the
ground. This ball bounces back up to half the height from which it was dropped. (c) You
drop a ball of clay from your hand. When it collides with the ground, it stops.

In-class problem
1. Refer text book-Example- 8.4 A marksman holds a rifle of mass mR = 3kg loosely, so it
can recoil freely. He fires a bullet of mass mB = 5g horizontally with a velocity relative to
the ground of vBx=3m/s. What is the recoil velocity vRx of the rifle? What are the final
momentum and kinetic energy of the bullet and rifle?

2. Refer text book-Example- 8.9 A 1000-kg car travelling north at 15 m/s collides with a
2000-kg truck travelling east at 10 m/s. The occupants, wearing seat belts, are uninjured,
but the two vehicles move away from the impact point as one. The insurance adjustor
asks you to find the velocity of the wreckage just after impact. What is your answer?

Assignment problem
1. Refer text book-Exercise-8.5 One 110-kg football lineman is running to the right at
275 m/s while another 125-kg lineman is running directly toward him at 2.6 m/s.
What are (a) the magnitude and direction of the net momentum of these two athletes,
and (b) their total kinetic energy?
2. Refer text book-Exercise-8.18 A 68.5-kg astronaut is doing a repair in space on the
orbiting space station. She throws a 2.25-kg tool away from her at 3.2 m/s relative to
the space station. With what speed and in what direction will she begin to move?

3. Refer text book-Exercise-8.33: A 15.0-kg fish swimming at 1.1 m/s suddenly

gobbles up a 4.50-kg fish that is initially stationary. Neglect any drag effects of the
water. (a) Find the speed of the large fish just after it eats the small one. (b) How
much mechanical energy was dissipated during this meal?
4. Refer text book-Exercise-8.47 A 0.150-kg glider is moving to the right on a
frictionless, horizontal air track with a speed of 0.8 m/s. It has a head-on collision
with a 0.300-kg glider that is moving to the left with a speed of 2.2 m/s. Find the final
velocity (magnitude and direction) of each glider if the collision is elastic.
 Chapter-9
(Rotation of Rigid Bodies)

1. Test Your Understanding of Section 9.2 Suppose the disc was initially spinning at twice
the rate (55 rad/s rather than 27.5 rad/s) and slowed down at twice the rate (-20.0 rad/s2
rather than -10.0 rad/s2). (a) Compared to the situation in Example 9.3, how long would it
take the disc to come to a stop? (i) the same amount of time; (ii) twice as much time; (iii) 4
times as much time; (iv) as much time; (v) as much time. (b) Compared to the situation in
Example 9.3, through how many revolutions would the disc rotate before coming to a
stop? (i) the same number of revolutions; (ii) twice as many revolutions; (iii) 4 times as
many revolutions; (iv) ½ as many revolutions; (v) ¼ as many revolutions.

2. Test Your Understanding of Section 9.4 Suppose the cylinder and block in Example 9.8
have the same mass, m = M. so Just before the block strikes the floor, which statement is
correct about the relationship between the kinetic energy of the falling block and the
rotational kinetic energy of the cylinder? (i) The block has more kinetic energy than the
cylinder. (ii) The block has less kinetic energy than the cylinder. (iii) The block and the
cylinder have equal amounts of kinetic energy.

3. Test Your Understanding of Section 9.6 Two hollow cylinders have the same inner and
outer radii and the same mass, but they have different lengths. One is made of low-density
wood and the other of high-density lead. Which cylinder has the greater moment of inertia
around its axis of symmetry? (i) the wood cylinder; (ii) the lead cylinder; (iii) the two
moments of inertia are equal.

In-class problem
1 Refer text book-Example- 9.3 You have finished watching a movie on Blu-ray and the
disc is slowing to a stop. The disc’s angular velocity at 𝑡 = 0 is 27.5 rad/s. and its
angular acceleration is a constant -10.0 rad/s2. A line PQ on the disc’s surface lies along
the +x axis at t=0. (a) What is the disc’s angular velocity at t= 0.3 s?. (b) What angle
does the line PQ make with the +x-axis at this time?

2 Refer text book-Example- 9.8 We wrap a light, nonstretching cable around a solid
cylinder with mass M and radius R. The cylinder rotates with negligible friction about a
stationary horizontal axis. We tie the free end of the cable to a block of mass m and
release the block from rest at a distance h above the floor. As the block falls, the cable
unwinds without stretching or slipping. Find expressions for the speed of the falling
block and the angular speed of the cylinder as the block strikes the floor.

3 Refer text book-Example- 9.10 A hollow cylinder of uniform mass density with length
L, inner radius 𝑅 and outer radius 𝑅 (It might be a steel cylinder in a printing press.)
Using integration, find its moment of inertia about its axis of symmetry.
 Assignment problem

1. Refer text book-Exercise-9.11 A particle describes angular motion such that the
covered by it θ at any point of time t, is given by 𝜃 = 4𝑡 − 2𝑡 + 5𝑡 + 3. Find out the
total acceleration it has at t= 0.8s. The radius of the path is 0.7m.

2. Refer text book-Exercise-9.40 A hollow spherical shell has mass 8.20 kg and radius
0.220 m. It is initially at rest and then rotates about a stationary axis that lies along a
diameter with a constant acceleration of 0.890 rad/s2. What is the kinetic energy of the
shell after it has turned through 6.00 rev?

3. Refer text book-Exercise-9.59 Calculate the moment of inertia of a uniform, solid disk
with mass M and radius R for an axis perpendicular to the plane of the disk and passing
through its center.
 Chapter-10
Rotational Motion

1. Test Your Understanding of Section 10.1 The figure

shows a force P being applied to one end of a lever of
length L. What is the magnitude of the torque of this
force about point A? (i) PLsinθ (ii) PLcosθ (iii) PLtanθ

2. Test Your Understanding of Section 10.4 You apply equal torques to two different
cylinders, one of which has a moment of inertia twice as large as the other cylinder. Each
cylinder is initially at rest. After one complete rotation, which cylinder has the greater
kinetic energy? (i) the cylinder with the larger moment of inertia; (ii) the cylinder with the
smaller moment of inertia; (iii) both cylinders have the same kinetic energy.

3. Test Your Understanding of Section 10.5 A ball is attached to one end of a piece of
string. You hold the other end of the string and whirl the ball in a circle around your hand.
(a) If the ball moves at a constant speed, is its linear momentum 𝑝⃗ constant? Why or why
not? (b) Is its angular momentum 𝐿⃗ constant? Why or why not?

In-class problem
1. Refer text book-Example- 10.1 To loosen a pipe fitting, a weekend plumber slips a
piece of scrap pipe over his wrench handle. He stands on the end of the cheater, applying
his full 900 N weight at a point 0.8 m from the center of fitting. The wrench handle and
cheater make an angle of 190 with horizontal. Find the magnitude and direction of the
torque he applies about the center of the fitting.

2. Refer text book-Example- 10.5 In a

physics demonstration, an instructor
“races” various bodies that roll without
slipping from rest down an inclined
plane in the given figure. What shape
should a body have to reach the bottom
of the incline first?

3. Refer text book-Example- 10.10 A physics professor

stands at the center of a frictionless turntable with arms
outstretched and a 5.0-kg dumbbell in each hand. He is
set rotating about the vertical axis, making one
revolution in 2.0 s. Find his final angular velocity if he
pulls the dumbbells in to his stomach. His moment of
inertia (without the dumbbells) is 3.0 kg.m2 with arms
outstretched and 2.2 kg.m2 with his hands at his stomach.
The dumbbells are 1.0 m from the axis initially and 0.20
m at the end.
 Assignment problem

1. Refer text book-Exercise-10.9 The flywheel of an engine has moment of inertia about
its 2.50 kg.m2 rotation axis. What constant torque is required to bring it up to an angular
speed of 400 rev/min in 8.00 s, starting from rest?

2. Refer text book-Exercise-10.18 We can roughly model a gymnastic tumbler as a

uniform solid cylinder of mass 75 kg and diameter 1.0 m. If this tumbler rolls forward at
0.50 rev/s, (a) how much total kinetic energy does he have, and (b) what percent of his
total kinetic energy is rotational?

3. Refer text book-Exercise-10.39 Find the magnitude of the angular momentum of the
second hand on a clock about an axis through the center of the clock face. The clock
hand has a length of 15.0 cm and a mass of 6.00 g. Take the second hand to be a slender
rod rotating with constant angular velocity about one end
 Chapter-11
(Equilibrium and Elasticity)

1. Test Your Understanding of Section 11.4 A copper rod of cross sectional area and
length 1.00 m is elongated by 2.0 x 10-2 mm and a steel rod of the same cross-sectional
area but 0.100 m in length is elongated by 2.0 x 10-3 mm. (a) Which rod has greater
tensile strain? (i) the copper rod; (ii) the steel rod; (iii) the strain is the same for both. (b)
Which rod is under greater tensile stress? (i) the copper rod; (ii) the steel rod; (iii) the
stress is the same for both.

In-class problem
1. Refer text book-Example- 11.5 A steel rod 2.0 m long has a cross-sectional area of 0.30
cm2. It is hung by one end from a support, and a 550-kg milling machine is hung from its
other end. Determine the stress on the rod and the resulting strain and elongation.

Assignment problem

1. Refer text book-Exercise-11.6 Two people are carrying a uniform wooden board that is
3.00 m long and weighs 160 N. If one person applies an upward force equal to 60 N at
one end, at what point does the other person lift? Begin with a free-body diagram of the
board.

2. Refer text book-Exercise-11.25 Calculate the longest length of the steel wires that can
hang vertically without breaking. Breaking stress for steel = 7.982 x 108 N/m2 and
density of steel d = 8.1 x 103 kg/m3.

3. Refer text book-Exercise-11.37 A square steel plate is 10.0 cm on a side and 0.500 cm
thick. (a) Find the shear strain that results if a force of magnitude 9.0 x 105 N is applied
to each of the four sides, parallel to the side. (b) Find the displacement x in centimetres.
 Chapter-12
(Fluid Mechanics)

Test Your Understanding

1. Test Your Understanding of Section 12.5 Which is the most accurate statement of
Bernoulli’s principle? (i) Fast-moving air causes lower pressure; (ii) lower pressure causes
fast-moving air; (iii) both (i) and (ii) are equally accurate.

In-class problem
1. Refer text book-Example- 12.9 A Venturimeter, used to measure flow speed in a pipe.
Derive an expression for the flow speed in terms of the cross-sectional areas A1 and A2
and the difference in height h of the liquid levels in the two vertical tubes.

Assignment problem

1. Refer text book-Exercise-12.41 Water stands at a depth of 4 m in a tank, whose sides

are vertical. A hole is made at one of the walls, 1.6 m below the water level. Calculate
the : a) velocity of efflux b) range of the emerging water stream (g = 9.8 m/s2).

2. Refer text book-Exercise-12.43 A wide vessel with a small a small hole at the bottom is
filled with water (density 1000 kg/m3) for a height of 2.4m, and then a liquid (density
800 kg/m3) for a height 1.2 m. Calculate the speed with which water will be flowing out
(g = 9.8 m/s2).

3. Refer text book-Exercise-12.44 A pipe is running full of water. At a point A, its

diameter is 55 cm, from where it tapers to 15 cm diameter at B. The pressure difference
between A and B is 98 cm of water column. Find the rate of flow of water through the
pipe.
 Chapter-13
(Gravitation)

Test Your Understanding

1. Test Your Understanding of Section 13.1 The planet Saturn has about 100 times the
mass of the earth and is about 10 times farther from the sun than the earth is. Compared to
the acceleration of the earth caused by the sun’s gravitational pull, how great is the
acceleration of Saturn due to the sun’s gravitation? (i) 100 times greater; (ii) 10 times
greater; (iii) the same; (iv) 1/10as great; (v) 1/100 as great.

2. Test Your Understanding of Section 13.3 Is it possible for a planet to have the same
surface gravity as the earth (that is, the same value of g at the surface) and yet have a
greater escape speed?

3. Test Your Understanding of Section 13.4 Your personal spacecraft is in a low-altitude

circular orbit around the earth. Air resistance from the outer regions of the atmosphere
does negative work on the spacecraft, causing the orbital radius to decrease slightly. Does
the speed of the spacecraft (i) remain the same, (ii) increase, or (iii) decrease?

4. Test Your Understanding of Section 13.5 The orbit of Comet X has a semi-major axis
that is four times longer than the semi-major axis of Comet Y. What is the ratio of the
orbital period of X to the orbital period of Y? (i) 2; (ii) 4; (iii) 8; (iv) 16; (v) 32; (vi) 64.

In-class problem
1. Refer text book-Example- 13.8 The asteroid Pallas has an orbital period of 4.62 years
and an orbital eccentricity of 0.233. Find the semi-major axis of its orbit.

Assignment problem

1. Refer text book-Exercise-13.11 At what distance above the surface of the earth is the
acceleration due to the earth’s gravity 0.980 m/s2 if the acceleration due to gravity at the
surface has magnitude 9.80 m/s2?

2. Refer text book-Exercise-13.16 Estimate the gravitational potential energy of the earth
with respect to the sun. (Given: Msun=1.99 x 1030 kg, Mearth =5.98 x 1024 kg, mean
distance between the sun and the earth = 1.50 x 106 km)

3. Refer text book-Exercise-13.29 The star Rho1 Cancri is 57 light-years from the earth
and has a mass 0.85 times that of our sun. A planet has been detected in a circular orbit
around Rho1 Cancri with an orbital radius equal to 0.11 times the radius of the earth’s
orbit around the sun. What are (a) the orbital speed and (b) the orbital period of the
planet of Rho1 Cancri?
 Chapter-14
(Periodic Motion)
Test Your Understanding

1. Test Your Understanding of Section 14.3 (a) To double the total energy for a mass-
spring system oscillating in SHM, by what factor must the amplitude increase? (i) 4; (ii) 2;
(iii)√2 = 1.414 (iv) √2 = 1.189 (b) By what factor will the frequency change due to this
amplitude increase? (i) 4; (ii) 2; (iii) √2 = 1.414 (iv) √2 = 1.189 (v) it does not change.

In-class problem
1. Refer text book-Example- 14.4 Example 14.2. A spring is mounted horizontally, with
its left end fixed. A spring balance attached to the free end and pulled toward the right
indicates that the stretching force is proportional to the displacement, and a force of 6.0
N causes a displacement of 0.030 m. We replace the spring balance with a 0.50-kg
glider, pull it 0.020 m to the right along a frictionless air track, and release it from rest.

(a) Find the maximum and minimum velocities attained by the oscillating glider. (b) Find
the maximum and minimum accelerations. (c) Find the velocity vx and acceleration ax
when the glider is halfway from its initial position to the equilibrium position x = 0. (d)
Find the total energy, potential energy, and kinetic energy at this position.

Assignment problem

1. Refer text book-Exercise-14.6 A particle executing simple harmonic motion with a

frequency of 1/2π Hz has a peak amplitude of 1.2 cm on either side of the equilibrium
position. Determine its velocity and acceleration at a displacement of 0.6 cm.

2. Refer text book-Exercise-14.8 Prove that for a particle is executing simple harmonic
motion the kinetic energy will more than its potential energy on just over 70% of its path.

3. Refer text book-Exercise-14.11 A small block is attached to an ideal spring and is

moving in SHM on a horizontal, frictionless surface. When the block is at x = 0.280 m,
the acceleration of the block is -5.30 m/s2. What is the frequency of the motion?
 Chapter-15
(Mechanical Waves)

Test Your Understanding

1. Test Your Understanding of Section 15.7 Suppose the frequency of the standing wave in
Example 15.6 were doubled from 440 Hz to 880 Hz. Would all of the nodes for also be
nodes for f = 440 Hz also be nodes for f = 880 Hz ?. If so, would there be additional nodes
for ƒ = 880 Hz? If not, which nodes are absent for f = 880 Hz?

In-class problem
1. Refer text book-Example- 15.7 In an attempt to get your name in Guinness World
Records, you build a bass viol with strings of length 5.00 m between fixed points. One
string, with linear mass density is 40 g/m, is tuned to a 20.0-Hz fundamental frequency
(the lowest frequency that the human ear can hear). Calculate (a) the tension of this
string, (b) the frequency and wavelength on the string of the second harmonic, and (c)
the frequency and wavelength on the string of the second overtone.

Assignment problem

1. Refer text book-Exercise-15.37- Standing waves on a wire are described by 𝑦(𝑥, 𝑡) =

(𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑥)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡, with 𝐴 = 2.5 𝑚𝑚, 𝜔 = 942 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠 and 𝑘 = 0.75𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑚. The
left end of the wire is at 𝑥 = 0. At what distances from the left end are (a) the nodes of
the standing wave and (b) the antinodes of the standing wave?

2. Refer text book-Exercise-15.40-A 1.50-m-long rope is stretched between two supports

with a tension that makes the speed of transverse waves 48 m/s. What are the wavelength
and frequency of (a) the fundamental; (b) the second overtone; (c) the fourth harmonic?

************************** Best of Luck*******************************