Practical - 8 - 230927 - 101033

Experiment No.
8
Aim: Study of Boiler Accessories (1) Green Economizer (2) sudgen Superheater
with the help of model/chart
Apparatus: Economizer model, Super heater model
Theory:
Boiler Accessories: These are the appliances which are installed to increase the
efficiency of the steam power plant and to help in the proper working of the boiler
unit. Usually, a boiler is provided with following accessories:
Economizer and feed heater
Super heater
Feed water pump
Steam injector
Air Pre-heater
Relative Position of Superheater, Economiser and Air Preheater:-
Atmosphere air
Warm air
Hot flue gases
Feed water from pump Exhaust gases
Hot water to atmosphere
Wet st
Super heated steam
Air
Economoiser preheater
FuelFurnaeeF
Super L
Boiler
E Feed water
chimney
heater pump
Fig. Relative Position of Superheater, Economiser and Air Pre-heater:
Economizer:-An economizer is a device which is used to heat feed water by

utilizing the heat of the exhaust flue gases before leaving through the chimney. It
improves the efficiency of the steam boiler.
LECTURE NOTES OF DR S.K.TRIVEDI

Function of Economizer:-Its function is to extract some heat which is carried away
by the flue gases in the chimney and utilize it for pre-heating the feed water supplied
to the boiler.
Location of Economizer:-It is placed in the path of the flue
gases in between the exit
from the boiler and entry into air
preheater/chimney.
Construction of Economizer:
It consists of a group of vertical cast iron tubes which
are fitted between
top and
bottom headers. For safety against
high pressure, a safety valve is mounted on the
top of the header. The two stop valves, one at the bottom header and other at the
top
header, are provided to stop or allow water into and out of the
economizer,
respectively. There is a tendency for soot to deposit on the outside of the vertical
pipes and to prevent this, scrappers are provided.
Gears Top header -Chain Safety
Stop valve valve
Flue gases
Hot water Water
outlet
to boiler
Scrapers
Flue gas Flue gases to

from boiler chimney
Feed water inlet

from feed pump
Soot chamber Bottom header
Fig. Green's Economiser

Function of Scrappers in Economizer
It is essential to keep each vertical tube free from carbon soot which
reduces the
efficiency of economizer. Scrapers are provided on the tubes to remove the soot of
flue gas deposited on the tubes of the economizer. It consists of loose collars which
are kept slowly moving up and down to clean the surface of vertical pipes. The soot

thus removed from the tubes is collected in a soot chamber provided at the bottom
of economizer.
Working of Economizer:-
The feed water from the feed pump first enters into the bottom header of economizer
before it enters into the boiler. From the bottom header, the water then passes
through the vertical tubes and reaches into the header, from where it finally leads
top
into the bOiler. Atthe same time, the flue gas moves around the tubes of economizer
water is
and gives off their heat to the water flowing inside the vertical tubes and
and down byy
thereby heated in the economizer. Scraper continuously moves up
means ofa chain pulley system. By scraping, the soot fall down to
the soot chamber.
be used
Super heater:- It is one of the most important boiler accessories and it can
in both fire tube and water tube boilers. Super heater is a coil type heat exchanger
which is used to produce superheated steam or to convert wet steam generated by
boiler to dry steam.
function of the super heater is to increase the
Function of Superheater:-:The
without increase in its pressure. It is
temperature of steam above its saturation point
integral part of the boiler.
Satiratad atGANn
Stack
Sporheateacd ste m
S u p e r h e a t a r pendaant
wwatar tAzkaes healar
Fig. A water tube boller with a superheater

-Main steam pipe
=OFCHok
V, Hand
Boiler wheel
Wet Headers
steam Water level
Steel tubes
Dampen1 Chimney flue
Bottom flue
Flue gases
Wet steam
Superheated steam
Fig. Super Heater
Construction and operation/ Working of super
It consists of a set of
tubes
heater:-
through which wet or saturated dry steam flows and hot
combustion gases pass around these
tubes. By this way, the wet
steam takes heat from the flue or saturated dry
gases and become superheated.
If the steam is to be
superheated, the valve (V3) is closed and the valve
(V2) open. So the seam from the boiler will flow
are (V1) and
heater tubes where it will be further through valve (V1) to the super
heated by hot flue
steam wil flow gases. This super-heated
through valve (V2) in to the main pipe and
or any
place of utilization of steam. supplied to the turbine
Location of super heater:
The super heater is installed in the
path of hot flue gases after the furnace.
Benefits of Superheaters in Boilers
Increase in efficiency of the steam power
Minimized erosion of turbine blade. plant.
Reduction of condensation loss in the boiler
steam pipes.
Increases the temperature of saturated
steam by removing entrained
particles from steam. water

Practical - 8 - 230927 - 101033

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Experiment No.

Fig. Relative Position of Superheater, Economiser and Air Pre-heater:

Economizer:-An economizer is a device which is used to heat feed water by

LECTURE NOTES OF DR S.K.TRIVEDI

Flue gas Flue gases to

Feed water inlet

Soot chamber Bottom header

Fig. Green's Economiser

LECTURE NOTES OF DR S.K.TRIVEDI

wwatar tAzkaes healar

Fig. A water tube boller with a superheater

LECTURE NOTES OF DR S.K.TRIVEDI

Dampen1 Chimney flue

LECTURE NOTES OF DR S.K.TRIVEDI

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