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State Machine To Simple Code

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12 views

State Machine To Simple Code

Uploaded by

wevaboj542
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transforming a state machine into simple C code involves a structured approach to

ensure that the logic of the state machine is maintained while being represented in
a clear and manageable manner. Here are the steps and tips to achieve this:

Steps to Convert a State Machine to Simple C Code


Define States and Events:

Enumerate all the possible states and events.


Use enum to define these in your code for readability and maintainability.
State Transition Table:

Create a state transition table to map out which events cause transitions from one
state to another.
This can be implemented using a 2D array or a switch-case structure.
State Handler Functions:

Define functions for each state to handle the specific actions and transitions.
These functions will encapsulate the behavior of each state.
State Machine Loop:

Implement a main loop that continuously checks for events and updates the current
state accordingly.
Use a function pointer or a switch-case to call the appropriate state handler based
on the current state.
Example
Here's a simple example of a state machine in C:

Define States and Events:


c
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#include <stdio.h>

// Define states
typedef enum {
STATE_INIT,
STATE_RUNNING,
STATE_STOPPED,
STATE_MAX_STATES
} State;

// Define events
typedef enum {
EVENT_START,
EVENT_STOP,
EVENT_RESET,
EVENT_MAX_EVENTS
} Event;
State Transition Table:
c
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// State transition function pointer type
typedef State (*StateFunc)(Event);

// Forward declarations of state handler functions


State init_state(Event event);
State running_state(Event event);
State stopped_state(Event event);

// State transition table


StateFunc state_table[STATE_MAX_STATES] = {
init_state,
running_state,
stopped_state
};
State Handler Functions:
c
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State init_state(Event event) {
switch (event) {
case EVENT_START:
printf("Transitioning from INIT to RUNNING\n");
return STATE_RUNNING;
default:
return STATE_INIT;
}
}

State running_state(Event event) {


switch (event) {
case EVENT_STOP:
printf("Transitioning from RUNNING to STOPPED\n");
return STATE_STOPPED;
case EVENT_RESET:
printf("Transitioning from RUNNING to INIT\n");
return STATE_INIT;
default:
return STATE_RUNNING;
}
}

State stopped_state(Event event) {


switch (event) {
case EVENT_RESET:
printf("Transitioning from STOPPED to INIT\n");
return STATE_INIT;
default:
return STATE_STOPPED;
}
}
State Machine Loop:
c
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int main() {
State current_state = STATE_INIT;
Event events[] = {EVENT_START, EVENT_STOP, EVENT_RESET};
size_t num_events = sizeof(events) / sizeof(events[0]);

for (size_t i = 0; i < num_events; ++i) {


current_state = state_table[current_state](events[i]);
}

return 0;
}
Tips
Use Enums for Readability: Enums make your states and events easy to read and
maintain.
Modularize State Handlers: Keep state handler functions small and focused. This
improves readability and makes debugging easier.
Use Function Pointers for Flexibility: Using function pointers for state
transitions makes the state machine more flexible and scalable.
Log Transitions: Adding print statements or logging in your state transitions helps
in understanding the flow and debugging.
Handle Invalid Transitions: Ensure your state machine handles unexpected events
gracefully, either by ignoring them or by transitioning to a safe state.
By following these steps and tips, you can effectively convert a state machine
diagram into clean and maintainable C code.

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