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REAL NO - Assignment 2020-2021

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36 views4 pages

REAL NO - Assignment 2020-2021

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CHIRAG ARORA
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© © All Rights Reserved
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ALPHA BETA For Class 9th – 10th (CBSE & ICSE)

Maths & Science


Preparation for
C L A S S E S NTSE Olympiads and IB School entrance
Opp. Janakpuri Gurudwara, Near Sheel Chauraha, Bareilly

Subject: MATHEMATICS Class: X Topic: REAL NO.’S(ASSIGNMENT)

 NATURAL NO.’S : All counting no.’s are called natural no.’s .The set of all
natural no.’s is represented by N. N={1,2,3………..} OR {1,2,3,4,5……n}𝛜 N
 WHOLE NO’S: All natural no.’s including 0 are known as whole no.’s. The
set of whole natural no.’s is represented by W. W={0,1,2,3……}
OR{01,2,3…..} 𝛜 W
 INTEGERS: All natural no.’s, negative of all natural no.’s including zero are
known as integers. These are represented by Z. Z={…………..-3,-2,-
1,0,1,2,3,…………..}
Negative integers are represented by Z- and positive integers are
represented as Z+.
 RATIONAL NO.’S :
 The no.’s that can be expressed in the form of ,where p and q areintegers q≠0
 The decimal expansion of a rational no. is either terminating or non-
terminating repeating
 For eg: , − ,2 , −2 , 1.5, 2.5, 1.50505050505050………
 The set of all rational no.’s is represented by Q
 IRRATIONAL NO.’S
 The no.’s that cannot be expressed in the form of ,where p and q are integers
q≠ 0
 The decimal expansion of an irrational no. is non-terminating non-repeating
For eg,
1.505005000500005000005000000………,𝜋 (𝑝𝑖 3.14159265358979 … . . ),
𝑒(Euler’s number 2.718281828459045235360……..)
 The set of all irrational no.’s is represented by Q’
 √𝑷𝑹𝑰𝑴𝑬 𝑵𝑶.= Always irrational for eg. √2, √3, √5,√11 etc…
 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒏𝒐. = may be rational or irrational
eg.√8=2√2(irrational) √25=5(rational)
 REAL NO.’S
ALL RATIONAL NO. AND IRRATIONAL NO.’S ARE TOGETHER
CALLED REAL NO.’S
Q ∪ Q’ =R(REAL NO.’S)
PRIME NO’.S: Exactly two factors [ FOR eg. 2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19]
COMPOSITE: More than two factors [FOR eg. 4,6 ,8,9,]
COPRIME NO.’s:Two no.’s Having no common factor other than 1{foreg.(2&3);(6&25);(14,15)}

CHIRAG ARORA 9897578597 1


 EUCLID’S DIVISION LEMMA
Given two positive integers a and b, there exist unique integers q and r
satisfying
a = bq + r, 0 ≤ r < b.
 FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF ARITHMETIC
Every composite number can be expressed as a product of primes, and this
expression (factorisation) is unique, apart from the order in which the prime
factors occur.
 Let p be a prime number. If p divides a2, then p divides a, where a is a
positive integer.
 The sum or difference of a rational and an irrational number is
irrational
(Rational ± irrational= irrational)
 The product or quotient of a non-zero rational number and an
irrational number is irrational.
(Rational / x irrational= irrational)

 The sum , difference, product or quotient of two irrational numbers


may be rational or irrational
(irrational ±x÷ irrational= rational or irrational)
 HCF= Product of the smallest power of each common prime factor in
the numbers.
 LCM =Product of the greatest power of each prime factor, involved
in the numbers
 For any two positive integers a and b, HCF (a, b) × LCM (a, b) = a × b.
 Let x = , p and q are co-prime, be a rational number whose decimal expansion
terminates. Then, the prime factorisation of q is of the form 2mx5n; m, n are
non-negative integers.{Simply we can say, if a rational no. (in simplest
form) has terminating decimal expansion then the prime factorisation
of its denominator has only 2 , OR only 5 OR only 2 and 5 both}. and the
no. of decimal place it will terminate will be equal greater exponent of 2 or 5
 Let x = , p and q are co-prime, be a rational number whose decimal expansion
is non- terminating. Then, the prime factorisation of q is not of the form 2mx5n;
m, n are non-negative integers.
THE SYMBOLS FOR THE SPECIAL SETS GIVEN ABOVE
 N : the set of all natural numbers
 Z : the set of all integers
 Q : the set of all rational numbers
 R : the set of real numbers
 Z+ : the set of positive integers
 Q+ : the set of positive rational numbers, and
 R+ : the set of positive real numbers.

CHIRAG ARORA 9897578597 2


DECIMAL EXPANSION OF RATIONAL AND IRRATIONAL NO.

REAL NO.S

RATIONAL IRRATIONAL (cannot


(expressed in the form of be expressed in the form of
and q≠0) and q≠0)

Non-Terminating Non-Terminating non


Terminating decimal repeating.
Repeating
expansion
( =0. 142857 , = 𝜋 𝑃𝑖 = 3.1415926535 … …
(1.5 ,2.3 3/2 ,5/2) 3. 142857,1.50505050...) e(Eulersno.=2.7182818284590..)
1.50500500050000.....
𝑃𝑅𝐼𝑀𝐸 𝑁𝑂. =ALWAYS
IRRATIONAL

UNDERSTANDING NUMBER SYSTEM

 NOTE: 𝛑 is the ratio of circumference and diameter


𝛑 is irrational , is rational 𝛑 ≠ , 𝛑≠3.14 , 𝛑≈ or 3.14

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