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Final Review Problems

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14 views

Final Review Problems

Uploaded by

khoai50km
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Problem 1

An object is placed at 30 cm from a converging lens with a focal length


of 10 cm.
(a) Find the distance from the object's image to the lens?
(b) Is this image real or virtual?
(c) Is this image upright or inverted?
a)

→ di = 15 cm
Problem 2
A 12-cm-tall object is placed 4 cm from a converging lens. The focal length is 12 cm.
(a) Find the image distance.
(b) Determine the image size and its orientation

a) Image distance di

→ di = –6 cm < 0 → virtual image.


b) Image size
Problem 3
A photon with wavelength 3.8 nm collides with an electron staying at
rest. After the collision the wavelength of the photon increases twice.
Find the speed and wavelength of electron after the collision.

The energy of photon before collision:


E = hf = hc / λ = 5.23 x 10-17
The energy of photon after collision:
E’ = hf’ = hc / 2λ = 2.62 x 10-17

The kinetic energy of electron after collision:


KEe = E – E’ = 2.62 x 10-17
The speed of electron:
KEe = ½ mv2 → v = 7.6 x 106 m/s
The wavelength of electron:
KEe = hv/λe → λe = 0.2 nm < λ
E = hf ß duality
h: planck constant: 6.63x10-34 J.s
f = v/𝜆
Photon: v = c => E = hc/𝝀
Electron: v < c -> E = hv/𝝀

Energy_Before = Energy_after
hc/ 𝜆 = hc/𝜆’ + KEe
KEe = hc/ 𝜆 - hc/𝜆’
𝜆 = 3.8 nm; 𝜆’ = 7.6 nm -> Kee
KEe = ½ mv2 => v = sqrt(2KEe/m)
Problem 4
An electron trapped in a small box with infinite boundaries is initially in its
ground state. It then absorbs a photon which excites it to the first excited
state. The wavelength of this photon is λ0. Then it absorbs another photon which
excites it from the first to the second excited state. Express the wavelength of the
second photon in terms of λ0.
U=0
U = inf U = inf For the first photon:
Free electron
Kinetic energy

For the second photon:

Therefore:

h2 2
En = 2
n (n = 1, 2, 3, …)
8me L
me= 9.1 x 10-31 kg
Ug = meg = 9.0 x 10-30 J
v ~ 106
KE = ½ me v2 ~ 9.1 x 10-19 J (1010 times larger Ug)

Absorbed energy = energy of photon = hc/lambda


H\psi = E\psi
Well: H = KE Hydrogen energy levels
Hydrogen: H = KE + Ue 1 eV = 1.6x10-19 J
n: principal quantum number

Ue

Shortest wavelength
En = -13.6 eV/n2 Longest wavelength

Emission light
1/lambda = RH(1/m2 – 1/n2)
Problem 6
An emission spectrum gives one of the lines in the Balmer series
of the hydrogen atom at 410 nm. This wavelength results from a
transition from an upper energy level to n = 2. What is the
principal quantum number (n) of the upper level?

nf = 2 and λ = 410 nm → ni = 6
Special relativity
Lorentz
factor

S’

S
S’ is the REST frame to the
object in it, but the MOVING
Special Relativity: Time Dilation & Length
Contraction – HSC Physics – Science Ready
frame to the ground

u Lorentz
factor
Problem 7
A particle is traveling through Earth’s atmosphere at a speed of
0.750c. To an earthbound observer, the distance it travels is
2.50 km. How far does the particle travel as viewed from the
particle’s reference frame? (in which the particle is at rest!)

L = L0/γ

v = 0.750c
L = 2.50 km
→ L0 = 3.78 km
Problem 8
A non-flat screen, older-style television display works by accelerating
electrons over a short distance to relativistic speed, and then using
electromagnetic fields to control where the electron beam strikes a
fluorescent layer at the front of the tube.
Suppose the electrons travel at 6.0 x 107 m/s through a distance of
0.200m from the start of the beam to the screen.
a. What is the time of travel of an electron in the rest frame of the
television set? (S)
b. What is the electron’s time of travel in its own rest frame? (S’)
a) In the television frame (S), electron is moving with the speed v

Classical mechanics
x = vt => t = x/v

Its (object’s) rest time: Δt0


Its (object’s) rest length: L0

b) In the electron frame (S’), it is at rest

Note: Δτ = Δt0 (in our slides)


Nuclear radioactivity
Life-time

Activity

Decay constant: lambda = ln2/T1/2


Problem 9
!"
The half-life of strontium-90, !" 𝑆𝑟, is 28.8 y. Find
(a) its decay constant and
(b) the initial activity of 1.00 g of the material.

Physics 2
Problem 10
In an ancient burial cave, your team of archaeologists discovers ancient
wood furniture. Only 80% of the original 14C remains in the wood. How old
is the furniture? (t1/2 of 14C = 5730 y.)
Good luck!

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