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Chapter 11

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24 views12 pages

Chapter 11

Uploaded by

Nhật Thái Đỗ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The Object-Oriented

Thought Process
Chapter 11

Objects and Portable Data: XML and JSON


Portability

Although portable languages are powerful tools,


they are really only half of the application
development equation.
– The programs that are written using these
languages must process data, and this data
must be turned into information.
– Information is the other half of the
portability equation.
Portable Data

XML provides standards to move data in a variety


of ways.
– Often we can think of data as moving
vertically and horizontally.
• The term vertical means that data is meant to
move through multiple industry groups.
• Horizontal applications are specific to a
particular industry, such as retail or
transportation.
The Extensible Markup Language
(XML)
The primary function of HTML is to present data
in a browser.
– XML, on the other hand, does concern itself
with data verification issues.
– XML is much more strict with its format
than HTML and was designed to represent
data.
XML Versus HTML

HTML tags are all predefined. Tags such as


<HTML>, <HEAD>, <BODY>, and so on are
all defined in the HTML specification.
– You cannot add your own tags.
• Because HTML is intended for formatting
purposes, this is not a problem.
– XML, however, is meant to define data.
• To define data, you need to create your own tag
names.
XML and Object-Oriented
Languages
XML works hand-in-hand with object-oriented
languages to provide what I have termed
“portable information.”
– Often, an application written in an object-
oriented language is developed to interact
with XML.
– The goal is to share data in a pre-
determined, portable manner.
Parsers

A parser is an application that reads a document


and extracts specific information.
– The parser reads each line of a program
and uses specific grammar rules to
determine how to produce code.
– A parser would verify that a print statement
was written with the appropriate syntax.
Validating the Document (DTD)

To define data, you need to create your own tag


names.
– This is where a document called the
Document Type Definition (DTD) comes
into play. The DTD is where you define the
tags that describe your data.
• You are not required to use a DTD.
However, using a DTD provides a great
benefit to validating XML documents.
Integrating the DTD into the XML
Document
XML Validation

Many applications will validate XML code.


– The XML validator at the w3schools site is
one that is easily accessible.

http://www.w3schools.com/xml/xml_validator.asp
Using Cascading Style Sheets

Although XML is not generally used for


presentation purposes, there are ways to
format XML.
– One of these is to use CSS. CSS are used
heavily in the HTML world to format
content.
– To a certain degree, CSS can be used to
format XML.
JavaScript Object Notation
(JSON)
Although XML is much more structured,
especially when using a DTD, technologies
such as the JavaScript Object Notation, or
JSON, fall into the category of “more flexible.”
– The w3schools site provides the following
bullet item description of JSON as:
1. lightweight text-data interchange format
2. language independent
3. “self-describing” and easy to understand

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