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Chapter 1 Book 2 Secondary 1

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61 views25 pages

Chapter 1 Book 2 Secondary 1

Uploaded by

Khin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Welcome from Mathematics Class

CONDUCTED BY
TR.SOE WANNA
Classroom Rules

1. Be respect each other


2. Open the camera if not I will put you in waiting room
3. Must do assignments
4. Don’t ask or talk while I am teaching
5. You can ask me everything when I give time to talk
Chapter 1 Number And Calculation

1. Numbers such as 1, 2, 3, . . . are positive whole numbers or natural numbers

2. Numbers such as -1, -2, -3, . .. are negative whole numbers.

3. Numbers such as 2,3,5,7,11….. are prime numbers

4. The set of numbers that contains both positive and negative whole numbers and 0
is called the set of integers.

5. The symbol for the set of integers is usually written using a 'double' capital letter
Z, which stands for the German word for ' numbers' , Zahlen
The number lines show that adding a negative number is the same as subtracting a positive
number.
Look at the pattern below:
3-2=1
3-1=2
3-0=3
3 - -1 = ?

What do you think 3 - - 1 should be?


In the pattern the answers are increasing by one,
so 3 - - 1 = 4.
This shows that subtracting a negative number is the same as adding a positive number.
Some people learn 'two minuses make a plus' , that is, two minus signs together result in a
plus sign.
1.Steve saves his money with the local bank. He keeps a record of his savings. If he puts in
$20 he writes down 20. When he takes out $20 he writes down -20. He starts with $100.
Here is a record of his entries for six weeks: 30, -20,20,-60,-30,70 Find out how much he has
in the bank at the end of the six weeks.

2.On Thursday afternoon the temperature fell by 3°C. On Friday it had risen by 5° C. If
Thursday morning's temperature was -3°C, what was the temperature on Friday?
Multiplying Negative Numbers

To multiply by a negative number remember that multiplication is just repeated addition.


For example, so 3 x 4 = 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12
-3 x 4 = -3 + -3 + -3 + -3 = -3 - 3 - 3 - 3 = -12
Multiplication is commutative,
that is,
3x4=4x3
-3 x 4=4 x -3
Find the answer
 a -6 x 4
 b -7 x 3
 c-1x8
 d 8 x-2
 e 4 x -7
 f -2 x 9
 g -9 x 6
 h -8 x 4
 i -4 x 6
 j 12 x -2
 k 3 x-ll
 l 3 x– 1
 m -9 x 2
Find the answer
a-1x3x-2
b -6 x - 4 x 2
c 4x-1x2
d -8 x -3 x -2
e-5x-2x2
f 8x2x–1
g-8x-1x–3
h 4 x -3 x - 9
i 6 x 2 x - 1 x -3
j 8 x - 3 x- 2 x 2
k 1 x- 2 x - 3 x 4
l- 1 x - 2 x - 4 x - 8
 Division of negative numbers
 Multi plication and division of positive numbers are connected like this
 3 x 4 = 12 so 12 ÷ 4 = 3
 For negative numbers: - 3 x 4 = - 12 so - 12 ÷4 = -3
 Find the solution
 a 6 -:- 3
 b 12 -:- 4
 c - 20 -:- - 4
 d -8 -:- 2
 e - 12 -:- 3
 f - 15 -:- 5
Squares and square roots

o Square numbers come from squaring integers (multiplying a whole number by itself).

o 1, 4 and 9 are the first three square numbers, which come from 1 x 1, 2 x 2 and 3 x 3.

o There is a short way to write these using indices.

o For example, the fourth square number is 4 x 4 = 16 and this can be written as 42 = 16.

o Any number can be squared. Sometimes you may want to use your calculator.

Find the square of 2.7

2.7 x 2.7 = 2.72

Key into your calculator

2.7 2 = 7.29

Note that 7.29 is not a square number because 2.7 is not an integer.
Finding the square root of a number is the inverse of squaring a number.
√149 means ? X ? = 49 (where both numbers ? are the same)
7 x 7 = 49 so √149 = 7

Find the square root of 11 .56


To do √111.56,
key into your calculator
√111.56, =3.4
Work out the square or square root. (Where there are two possible answers, write both.)
a 92 b ± √121 c 142 d ±√o e 3.62 f ±√16.81 g 0.322 h ±√16.81 i 11.42 j √0.64

Find the square or square root. Round the answers to 1 decimal place.
a 1.132 b ± √6.4 c 3.12 d ± √2.5

What is the side length of a square with area a 7.84cm2 b 60.84m2 c 156.25mm2 ?

What is the area of a square with side length a 3.2m b 6.9mm c 1.7 cm?
Cubes and cube roots

Find the cube of 3 .1


3.1 x 3.1 x 3.1 = 3.13=29.791

Find the cube root of 1.728.

∛1.728 =1.2

Without using a calculator, work out:


3
a 33 b ∛8 c (-1)3 d −125 e(-4)3 f ∛1
You may use a calculator to work out:
3
a 0.63 b ∛1.331 c 4.33 d −21.952

Rounding the answers to 1 decimal place, work out:


a 1.433 b ∛4.3 c (-3.4)3 d ∛26.94

What is the volume of a cube with side length a 8.1 mm b 0.7 m c 1.7 cm?

What is the side length of a cube with volume a 117.649cm3 b 32.768mm3 c 0.512m3 ?
Index Notation
You have learned that five cubed or 5 x 5 x 5 can be written as 53 for short.
This is called index notation.
3 is the power (also called the index).
5 is the base number.
2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 24
8 x 8 x 8 x 8 x 8 x 8 x 8 = 87

Using the power key on your calculator, work out:


a 3.24 b 1.35 c 2.26 d 1.15 e (-7)5 (f) (-1)3 (g) (-1)5 (h)(-1)7
Multiples and factors

✓ The first four multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12 and 16.


✓ Look at the multiples of 3 and 4:
✓ Multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, ...
✓ Multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, .. .
✓ Common multiples of 3 and 4 are 12, 24, .. .
✓ The lowest common multiple of two (or more) numbers is the common multiple that has the
lowest value.
✓ The lowest common multiple (LCM) of 3 and 4 is 12.
✓ Factors of a number are the whole numbers that divide into it with no remainder
The factors of 12 and 8:
The factors of 8 are 1, 2, 4, 8.
The factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12.
The common factors of 8 and 12 are 1, 2, 4.
The highest common factor of two (or more) numbers is the common factor that has the
highest value.
The highest common factor (HCF) of 8 and 12 is 4

1.Write down all the factors of these numbers:


a i 18, 12 ii 10, 15 iii 13, 17 iv 36,48 v 25,30
b Find the common factors for each number part.
c Find the HCF for each number pair.
2.Write down the first 10 multiples of each number:
a i 3, 7 ii 4, 9 iii 6, 8 iv 3, 12 v 8, 16
b Find the LCM for each number pair.

3.Find the LCM of these pairs of numbers:


a 24, 68 b 420, 180

4.Find the HCF of these pairs of numbers:


a 180, 300 b 270, 378

5.Find all the pairs of numbers that have a HCF of 30 and an LCM of 3150.
6.Find a the HCF b the LCM of 1260 and 600.
7.Find the HCF of these pairs: a 468, 324 b 540, 108 c 450, 990 d 330, 910
8.Find the LCM of these pairs: a 108, 360 b 34, 39 c 450, 180 d 150, 490
9.Find the HCF and LCM of a 18, 20 and 30 b 9, 16 and 12 c 8, 18 and 50
10.Three strings of different lengths, 240cm, 318cm and 426cm, are to be cut into equal
lengths. What is the greatest possible length of each piece?
11. Two lighthouses flash their lights every 20 seconds and 30 seconds respectively. Given that
they flashed together at 7 pm, when will they next flash together?
12. A man has a garden measuring 84 m by 56 m. He divides it into the minimum number of
square plots. What is the length of each square plot?
13. Use the digits 0, 1, 5, 6, 7 and 8 to make two 3-digit numbers with an HCF of 45 and an
LCM under 3000.
Prime numbers have exactly two different factors, 1 and the number itself.
The prime numbers w1der 30 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19,23 and 29.
Every number can be written as a product of its prime factors. The two most common ways to do this are by
using factor trees and division by primes.

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