CHAPTER 11 – FLUID MECHANICS

1. If the energy of the incident photon is less than the work

function:
A. an electron will be ejected
B. more than one electron will be ejected
C. an electron will not be ejected
D. less than one electron will be ejected
Answer: C
2. For supersonic flow, the pressure of fluid must decrease as
the fluid flow area of the duct
A. increases
B. decreases
C. remain the same
D. none of these
Answer: A
3. Density in terms of viscosity is
A. kinematic viscosity / dynamic viscosity
B. dynamic viscosity / kinematic viscosity
C. kinematic viscosity x dynamic viscosity
D. none of the above
Answer: B
4. Liquids and gases take the following characteristic(s) of
their contents.
A. Volume
B. Shape
C. Shape and volume
D. Neither shape nor volume
Answer: B
5. Alcohol finds use in manometers as:
A. it provides a suitable meniscus for the inclined tube
B. its density being less can provide longer length for a
pressure difference, thus more accuracy can be obtained
C. A and B above are correct
D. Cheap and easily available
Answer: C
6. Which of the following statements about a Newtonian fluid is
most accurate?
A. Shear stress is proportional to strain
B. Viscosity is zero
C. Shear stress is multi – valued
D. Shear stress is proportional to rate of strain
Answer: D
7. The normal stress is the same in all directions at a point in
fluid:
A. independent of the motion of one fluid layer relative to an
adjacent layer
B. when there is no motion of one fluid layer relative to an
adjacent layer
C. only if the fluid is frictionless
D. only if fluid is frictionless and incompressible
Answer: B
8. Which of the following is not a characteristic of fluid
pressure?
A. It is the same in all directions at a point in the fluid
B. It acts normal to a surface
C. It is a shear stress
D. It is a linear with depth
Answer: C
9. The length of mercury column at a place at an altitude will
change with respect to that at ground in:
A. a linear relation
B. a parabolic relation
C. will remain constant
D. first slowly and then steeply
Answer: D
10. All of the following dimensionless parameters are applicable
to fluid flow problems except the _______
A. Reynolds number
B. Froude number
C. Mach number
D. Biot number
Answer: D
11. Mass density of liquid (𝜌) is given by which of the
following?
A. 𝜌 = Mass / volume
B. 𝜌 = metric slug / m2
C. 𝜌 = kg sec2 / m4
D. all of the above
Answer: D
12. The speed of sound in all fluid is most closely related to
all of the following properties except_____________.
A. compressibility
B. density
C. bulk modulus
D. thermal conductivity
Answer: D
13. Under which condition, the specific weight of water is 1000
kg/m3?
A. at normal pressure of 760 mm
B. at 4 ºC temperature
C. at mean sea level
D. all of the above
Answer: D
14. All of the following can be characteristics of fluids
except_________.
A. kinematic viscosity
B. surface tension
C. bulk modulus
D. hysteresis
Answer: D
15. Which of the following can be used to measure the flow of
water in a pipe of diameter 3000 mm?
A. Venturimeter
B. Rotameter
C. Nozzle
D. Pitot tube
Answer: D
16. The pressure at a given depth due to several immiscible
liquid is:
A. the average of the individual pressures
B. the sum of the individual pressures
C. independent of the individual pressures
D. unknown
Answer: B
17. The equation of continuity of flow is applicable if:
A. the flow is one dimensional
B. the flow is steady
C. the velocity is uniform over the cross – section
D. all of the above conditions are together
Answer: D
18. Uniform flow takes place when:
A. conditions remain unchanged with time at any point
B. rate of change of velocity of fluid is zero
C. at every point the velocity vector is identical in magnitude
and direction for any given instant
D. the change in transverse direction is zero.
Answer: C
19. The continuity equation of an ideal fluid flow:
A. states that the net rate of in – flow into any small volume
must be zero
B. applies to irrotational flow only
C. states that the energy remains constant along streamline
D. states that energy is constant everywhere in the fluid
Answer: D
20. A pitot tube can be used to measure fluid velocity as
described by the Bernouli’s equation and the relationship
between:
A. kinetic energy and static pressure
B. fluid pressure and height of the fluid
C. fluid pressure and impact energy
D. pressure and momentum
Answer: A
21. In order to avoid vaporization in the pipe line, the pipe
line over the ridge is laid in such a way that it is not more
than:
A. 2.4 m above the hydraulic gradient
B. 6.4 m above the hydraulic gradient
C. 10.0 m above the hydraulic gradient
D. 5.0 m above the hydraulic gradient
Answer: B
22. The stream function is a useful parameter in describing
__________.
A. the conservation of mass
B. the conservation of momentum
C. the conservation of energy
D. the equation of state
Answer: A
23. For high speed flows, the potential energy of the fluids
are:
A. positive
B. negative
C. negligible
D. none of these
Answer: C
24. McLeod gauge used for low pressure measurement operates on
the principle of ___________.
A. Gas law
B. Boyle’s law
C. Charles law
D. Pascal’s law
Answer: B
25. A Kaplan turbine is
A. a high head mixed flow turbine
B. an impulse turbine, inward flow
C. a reaction turbine, outward flow
D. low head axial flow turbine
Answer: D
26. The most common method for calculating frictional energy
loss for laminar flowing fluids in noncircular pipes is:
A. the Darcy equation
B. the Hagan – Poisevill equation
C. the Hazen – Williams equation
D. the Swamee – Jin equation
Answer: A
27. The parameter f in the expression for head-loss is
A. the fraction of flow that is totally turbulent
B. the Darcy friction factor
C. the height of the roughness scale in turbulent flow
D. the static coefficient friction
Answer: B
28. Friction factor for both laminar and turbulent flows can be
found plotted in a
A. steam table
B. psychrometric chart
C. Moody diagram
D. Mollier diagram
Answer: C
29. Which of the following is relative velocity?
A. The difference between two velocities
B. Average velocity
C. Sum of two velocities
D. Vector difference of two velocities
Answer: D
30. Which of the following is the highest head?
A. 33 inch Hg
B. 31.0 ft. water
C. 1.013 kg kg/cm2
D. 75.0 cm of Hg
Answer: A
31. For stable equilibrium of floating body its metacenter
should lie:
A. below the center of gravity
B. below the center of buoyancy
C. above the center of buoyancy
D. above the center of gravity
Answer: D
32. Center of pressure on an inclined plane lies ______.
A. at the centroid
B. above the centroid
C. below the centroid
D. at metacenter
Answer: C
33. The line of action of the buoyant forces always acts through
the centroid of the _____
A. submerged body
B. volume of the floating body
C. volume of the fluid vertically above the body
D. displaced volume of the fluid
Answer: D

34. The hydraulic grade line of a pipeline denotes which of the

following?
A. Total energy
B. Pressure energy
C. Potential energy
D. The sum of pressure energy and potential energy
Answer: D

35. The energy grade line of pipeline denotes which of the

following?
A. Total energy
B. Pressure energy
C. Potential energy
D. The sum of pressure energy and potential energy
Answer: A

36. The presence of friction in the energy grade line will

always cause the line to slope
A. down in the direction of the flow
B. upward to the direction of the fllow
C. level (no slope)
D. there is no effect of friction on the energy gravity line
Answer: A

37. The pitot tube is device used to measure

A. pressure
B. flow
C. velocity
D. discharge
Answer: C

38. Hydrometer is used to find out

A. specific gravity of liquids
B. specific gravity of solids
C. specific gravity of gases
D. relative humidity
Answer: A

39. The fluid forces taken into consideration in the Nava Stokes
equation are:
A. gravity, pressure and viscous
B. gravity, pressure and turbulent
C. pressure, viscous and turbulent
D. gravity, viscous and turbulent
Answer: A

40. Permissible velocity of water flowing through concrete

tunnel, is generally
A. 4.5 m/s
B. 10-12 m/s
C. 13-16 m/s
D. 20 m/s
Answer: A

41. Orifice refers to an opening

A. which closed perimeter and of regular from through which
water flows
B. with prolonged sides having length of 2 to 3 diameters of
opening of thick wall
C. with partially full flow
D. in hydraulic structure with regulation provision
Answer: D

42. The value of coefficient of discharge in comparison to

coefficient of velocity is found to be _____
A. more
B. less
C. same
D. more/less depending on flow
Answer: B

43. Weir refers to an opening

A. having closed perimeter and of regular form through which
water flows
B. having prolonged sides with length of 2 to 3 diameters of
opening in thick wall
C. having partially full flow
D. in hydraulic structure with regulation provision
Answer: C

44. Which of the following parameters determines the friction

factor of turbulent flow in a rough pipe?
A. Froude number and relative roughness
B. Froude number and Mach number
C. Reynolds number and relative roughness
D. Mach number and relative roughness
Answer: C

45. Power transmitted through a pipe is maximum when the loss of

head due to friction is:
A. one-half of the total head supplied
B. one-third of the total head supplied
C.one-fourth of total head supplied
D. equal to the total head supplied
Answer: B

46. In a nozzle if a back pressure is name as inlet pressure;

then______
A. no flow takes place
B. maximum flow takes place
C. flow becomes subsonic in diverging section
D. flow becomes supersonic in converging as well as supersonic
section
Answer: A

47. The flow on two sides of a normal shock wave is called

______
A. sonic
B. sub-sonic
C. supersonic
D. supersonic on one side and sub-sonic on the other side
Answer: D

48. Which of the following is the basic of Bernoulli`s law for

fluid flow?
A. Continuity equation
B. Principle of conservation of energy
C. Fourier`s law
D. Principle of conservation of mass
Answer: B

49. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fluid

pressure?
A. It is a shear stress
B. It is the same in all directions at a point in the fluid
C. It acts normal to a surface
D. It is linear with depth
Answer: A

50. Refers to the compressibility of fluid, the fractional

change in fluid volume per unit change in fluid.
A. Viscosity
B. Bulk modulus
C. Density
D. Pressure
Answer: D

51. A pitot tube can be used to measure fluid velocity described

by the Bernoulli equation and the relationship between:
A. kinetic energy and static pressure
B. fluid pressure and static pressure
C. fluid pressure and impact energy
D. pressure and momentum
Answer: A
52. The ratio of the area to the wetted perimeter is known as
______
A. flow factory
B. hydraulic pressure
C. Kutter`s C
D. value of k in Darcy-Weisbach formula
Answer: B

53. What is the coefficient of contraction?

A. The ratio of the area of vena contracta to the area of the
orifice
B. The ratio of actual discharge to the theoretical discharge
C. The ratio of the actual velocity to the theoretical velocity
D. The ratio of the effective head to the actual head
Answer: A

54. Where is vena contracta most likely located?

A. At the orifice
B. At the distance approximately ½ the diameter of the orifice
C. At the distance approximately equal to the diameter of the
orifice
D. At the distance approximately twice to the diameter of the
orifice
Answer: B

55. A substance that is able to flow and yields to any force

tending to change its shape without changing its volume such as
water and air.
A. Fluid
B. Flux
C. Gas oil
D. Water gas
Answer: A

56. The velocity of a fluid particle at the center of the pipe

section is ______
A. maximum
B. minimum
C. average
D. logarithmic average
Answer: A

57. For supersonic flow, the pressure of the fluid must increase
as the fluid flow area of the duct:
A. increases
B. decreases
C. constant
D. none of these
Answer: B

58. Which is incorrect statement regarding apparent the forces.

A. It can never be found in frictionless fluid regardless of its
motion
B. It can never be found when the fluid is at rest
C. It depend upon cohesive forces
D. It may occur owing to cohesion when the fluid is at rest
Answer: D

59. The time required for half a quantity of radioactive

particles to decay (disintegrate) is called its ____
A. average lift
B. median life
C. time constant
D. half time
Answer: D

60. SI unit of viscosity is:

A. 10 times poise
B. 9.81 times poise
C. 1/9.81 times poise
D. 1/10 times poise
Answer: A

61. For computation convenience, fluids are usually obsessed as:

A. rotational or irrotational
B. real or ideal
C. laminar or turbulent
D. Newtonian or non-Newtonia
Answer: B

62. Which of the following is not a dimensionless parameter?

A. Kinetic Viscosity
B. Weber number
C. Darcy Weisbach friction factor
D. Froude number
Answer: A

63. Which of the following is not a characteristic of real

fluids?
A. Finite viscosity
B. Non-uniform velocity distributions
C. Compressibility
D. Experience of eddy currents and turbulence
Answer: D

64. Which of the following is not the mass density of water?

A. 62.5 lbm/ft3
B. 100 kg/cm3
C. 1 g/cm3
D. a kg/L
Answer: B

65. The upper critical Reynolds number for a pipe flow is

A. of no practical importance to designers
B. always used to design pipes for strength
C. the number at which turbulent flow changes over the laminar
flow
D. the number at which laminar flow changes over turbulent flow
Answer: A

66. Which of the following statements about gas pressure is most

correct? Gauge pressure is measured relative to ______
A. atmospheric pressure
B. a vacuum
C. each other
D. the surface
Answer: A

67. The volumetric change of the fluid caused by the resistance

is called ______
A. volumetric strain
B. volumetric index
C. compressibility
D. adhesion
Answer: D

68. Compressibility of a fluid relates the frictional change in

fluid volume per unit change in fluid.
A. temperature
B. density
C. pressure
D. viscosity
Answer: C

69. Property of a fluid whereby its own molecules are attracted

is known as ______
A. adhesion
B. cohesion
C. surface tension
D. viscosity
Answer: B

70. The term subsonic flow refers to a flowing gas with a speed:
A. less than the local speed of sound
B. equal to the speed of sound
C. greater than the speed of sound
D. much greater than the speed of sound
Answer: A

71. The pressure at point in a fluid will not be same as the

directions if the fluid is:
A. viscous
B. viscous and static
C. inviscous and in motion
D. viscous and is in motion
Answer: D

72. The statement that “the hydrostatic pressure of fluid exerts

on an immersed object or on container walls if function only of
fluid depth” is
A. the perfect gas law
B. D`Alembert`s paradox
C. the hydrostatic paradox
D. Boyle`s law
Answer: C

73. Bernoulli`s equation is/an ______

A. momentum equation
B. conservation of energy equation
C. conservation of mass equation
D. equation of state
Answer: B

74. An ideal fluid is one that:

A. is very viscous
B. obeys Newton`s law of viscosity
C. is assume in problems in conduit flow
D. is frictionless and incompressible
Answer: D

75. The relationship between pressure and altitude in the

atmosphere is given by the:
A. perfect gas law
B. conservation of mass
C. barometric height relationship
D. first law of thermodynamics
Answer: C
76. The fact the buoyant force on a floating object equal to its
weight of the water displaced is:
A. Bernoulli`s law
B. Archimedes` principle
C. The law of diminishing returns
D. The conservation of mass
Answer: B

77. Which of the following terms does not appear in the steady
flow energy equation (the extended Bernoulli`s equation)?
A. Kinetic energy
B. Potential energy
C. Friction losses
D. Hysteresis losses
Answer: D

78. Neglecting the forces due to inertia, gravity and friction

resistance, the design of a channel can be made by comparing
A. Weber number
B. Reynolds number
C. Froude`s number
D. Prant`l number
Answer: C

79. The difference between stagnation pressure and total

pressure is:
A. due to height difference
B. due to fluid kinetic energy
C. none of the terms are interchangeable
D. important only in supersonic flow
Answer: C

80. Fully turbulent flow in a pipe is characterized by all of

the following except
A. a parabolic velocity profile
B. a momentum exchange due to fluid matter rather than molecules
C. a maximum velocity at the fluid center line
D. a 1/7 velocity profile
Answer: A

81. The laminar friction factor of fluid flowing through a pipe

is a function of all the following except:
A. fluid velocity
B. pipe diameter
C. pipe roughness
D. Reynolds number
Answer: C
82. The continuity equation is applicable to:
A. viscous un viscous fluids
B. compressibility of fluids
C. conservation of mass
D. steady unsteady flow
Answer: C

83. The rise or fall of head ‘h’ in a capillary tube of diameter

‘d’ and the liquid surface tension ‘s’ and specific weight ‘w’
is given by:
A. 4s/wd
B. 4ds/w
C. 4wd/s
D. 4ws/d
Answer: A

84. The study of the practical laws of fluid flow and the
resistance of open pipes and channels.
A. fluid mechanics
B. hydraulics
C. aerodynamics
D. thermodynamics
Answer: B

85. Which of the following turbine is different from the others?

A. Fourneyron turbine
B. Francis turbine
C. Kapian turbine
D. Pelton wheel
Answer: D

86. Running away speed of a Pelton wheel gives:

A. actual opening speed
B. no load speed
C. full load speed
D. no load speed when governor mechanism fails
Answer: D.

87. Which of the following turbine is different from the others?

A. Pelton wheel
B. Bankl turbine
C. Jonval turbine
D. Kapian turbine
Answer: D
88. The characteristic length of the Reynolds number used to
calculate the friction in noncircular full running pipes is
based on the ______
A. run length
B. pipe length
C. hydraulic diameter (the equivalent diameter)
D. wetted circumference
Answer: C

89. The hydraulic radius of noncircular pipe is:

A. the square root of the flow area
B. the ratio of the area to the wetted perimeter
C. the radius of a pipe of equivalent area
D. none of the above
Answer: B

90. The Darcy equation can be used for all liquids and flows
except:
A. water
B. alcohol
C. gasoline
D. air flowing supersonically
Answer: D

91. The Hazen – William formula for head loss due to friction is
based upon:
A. rigorous mathematical derivation
B. empirical data
C. semi-empirical analysis
D. screndipity
Answer: B

92. The extended Bernoulli equation includes all of the

following terms except:
A. potential energy
B. kinetic energy
C. nuclear energy
D. friction losses
Answer: C

93. An equipotential line is one that:

A. has no velocity component tangent to it
B. has uniformly varying dynamic pressure
C. has no velocity component normal to it
D. exists in case of rotational flow
Answer: A
94. What is the use of Hydraulic jump?
A. increases the flow rate
B. reduce the flow rate
C. reduce the velocity of flow
D. reduce the energy of flow
Answer: D

95. What do you call the lowest portion to the storage base
where the water is not drawn?
A. bottom storage
B. sub soil storage
C. spring reserve
D. dead storage
Answer: D

96. The presence of friction in the hydraulic grade line will

always cause the line to slope:
A. down in the direction of the flow
B. upward to the direction of the flow
C. level (no slope)
D. there is no effect of friction o the energy grade line
Answer: A

97. The presence of a minor loss in the energy grade line will
cause the line to slope:
A. down in the direction of the flow
B. upward in the direction of the flow
C. vertically downward
D. there is no effect of friction o the energy grade line
Answer: A

98. What do you call the pressure which the fluid exerts on an
immersed object or container walls?
A. Normal pressure
B. Standard liquid pressure
C. Hydrostatic pressure
D. gage pressure
Answer: C

99. Viscosity for a fluid is define as the constant or

proportionally between shear stress and what other variable?
A. The spatial derivative of velocity
B. The time derivative of pressure
C. The time derivative of density
D. The spatial derivative of density
Answer: A
100. What is the classification of fluid flow if the fluid
travels parallel to the adjacent layers and the paths of the
individual particles do not cross each other?
A. Steady flow
B. Laminar flow
C. Uniform flow
D. Turbulent flow
Answer: B

101. Which of the following refers to the measure of a fluid`s

sensitivity to changes in viscosity with changes in temperature?
A. Viscosity index
B. Coefficient of viscosity
C. Viscosity ratio
D. Viscosity factor
Answer: A

102. If the Mach number is greater than 1 but lesser than 3,

what is the standard classification of the travel?
A. Transonic travel
B. Subsonic travel
C. Hypersonic travel
D. Supersonic travel
Answer: D

103. What is measured by a Pitot tube?

A. Volumetric discharge
B. Mass flow
C. Pressure
D. Velocity
Answer: D

104. What is the difference between the energy grade line and
the hydraulic grade line?
A. potential energy
B. pressure energy
C. kinetic energy
D. friction losses
Answer: C

105. Kinetic energy is not neglected in calculations of:

A. high speed flow
B. low speed flow
C. steady flow
D. equilibrium flow
Answer: A
106. Discharge losses due to orifice are due to:
A. friction losses
B. minor losses
C. both friction and minor losses
D. pressure losses
Answer: C

107. Which of the following is considered as an important

parameter in the study of compressible flow?
A. speed of fluid
B. speed of sound
C. speed of light
D. speed of fluid flow
Answer: B

108. Is the velocity at which an infinitesimal small pressure

wave travels through a medium.
A. Subsonic velocity
B. Hypersonic velocity
C. Sonic velocity
D. Monatomic velocity
Answer: C

109. It is the ratio of the actual velocity of the fluid to the

velocity of sound.
A. Mach number
B. Froude number
C. Sonic number
D. Euler number
Answer: A

110. The flow is called sonic when Mach number is:

A. equal to 1
B. less than to 1
C. more than 1
D. none of these
Answer: A

111. The following flow is sub-sonic when Mach number is:

A. greater than 1
B. less than 1
C. more than 1
D. none of these
Answer: B

112. The flow is supersonic when the Mach number is:

A. greater than zero
B. less than 1
C. greater than 1
D. none of these
Answer: C

113. The flow is transonic when

A. M=0
B. M<1
C. M>1
D.M=1
Answer: D

114. The pressure decreases as the temperature and the velocity

increases while the fluid velocity and Mach number:
A. increases
B. decreases
C. remains constant
D. none of these
Answer: A
115. The Mach number is unity or one at the location of smallest
flow area called the:
A. decreasing area
B. throat
C. increasing area
D. none of these
Answer: B

116. What happens to the velocity of fluid after passing to

throat although the flow area
A. increases rapidity
B. decreases rapidly
C. remains constant
D. none of these
Answer: A

117. Which of the following is an example of a Newtonian load?

A. Motor oils
B. Gas
C. Paints
D. Clay slurries
Answer: B

118. What is the critical pressure of water?

A. 150 kg/cm3
B. less than 200 kg/cm3
C. more than 200 kg/cm3
D. 100 kg/cm3
Answer: C

119. Past ME Board question

The volumetric change of the fluid caused by a resistance is
called
A. volumetric change
B. volumetric index
C. compressibility
D. adhesion
Answer: D

120. Past ME Board question

The energy of a fluid flowing at any section in a pipeline is a
function of
A. velocity of flow only
B. pressure only
C. height above a chosen datum, density, internal energy,
pressure and velocity flow
D. pressure, height above a chosen datum, velocity of flow,
density of fluid
Answer: C

121. Past ME Board question

If the fluid travels parallel to the adjacent layers and the
paths of individual particles do not cross, the fluid is said to
be:
A. turbulent
B. critical
C. dynamic
D. laminar
Answer: D

122. Past ME Board question

Center of pressure on an inclined plane lies:
A. at the centroid
B. above the centroid
C. below the centroid
D. at the metacentre
Answer: C

123. Past ME Board question

At any instant, if the number of particles passing every cross-
section of the stream is the same, the flow is said to be:
A. steady flow
B. uniform flow
C. continuous flow
D. laminar flow
Answer: A

124. Past ME Board question

The ratio of cross-sectional area of flow to the wetted
perimeter is:
A. hydraulic lead
B. hydraulic section
C. hydraulic mean depth
D. hydraulic gradient
Answer: C

125. Past ME Board question

If A is the cross-sectional area of the flow and PW is the
wetted perimeter of a pipe, then what is the hydraulic depth.
Hd?
A. Pw-A
B. Pw/A
C. A/Pw
D. Pw x A
Answer: C

126. Past ME Board question

If Q is the volume in gallon; D is the height or elevation in
it and m is weigth in lbs per gallon, what is the desired energy
ti lift the water from lower to higher elevation?
A. E=mD/Q
B. E=mDQ
C. E=mQ/D
E=QD/m
Answer: B

127. Past ME Board question

The flow of the convergent section of a nozzle is always
subsonic. If the flow is subsonic then the Mach number is:
A. greater than uity
B. less than unity
C. near unity
D. unity
Answer: B