SECTION 4.

3 Unit Circle Trigonometry

Section 4.3: Unit Circle Trigonometry

 Angles in the Coordinate Plane

 Trigonometric Functions of Angles
 Evaluating Trigonometric Functions Using Reference Angles

Angles in the Coordinate Plane

Angles in Standard Position:

MATH 1330 Precalculus 385

CHAPTER 4 Trigonometric Functions

Example:

Solution:

Part (a): Part (b):

386 University of Houston Department of Mathematics

 SECTION 4.3 Unit Circle Trigonometry

Part (c): Part (d):

Coterminal Angles:

Example:

Solution:

MATH 1330 Precalculus 387

CHAPTER 4 Trigonometric Functions

Example:

Solution:

Quadrantal Angles:

388 University of Houston Department of Mathematics

 SECTION 4.3 Unit Circle Trigonometry

Reference Angles:

Example:

MATH 1330 Precalculus 389

CHAPTER 4 Trigonometric Functions

Solution:
Part (a): Part (b):

Additional Example 1:

Solution:
Part (a): Part (b):

390 University of Houston Department of Mathematics

 SECTION 4.3 Unit Circle Trigonometry

Part (c): Part (d):

Additional Example 2:

Solution:

Additional Example 3:

Solution:

MATH 1330 Precalculus 391

CHAPTER 4 Trigonometric Functions

Additional Example 4:

Solution:
Part (a): Part (b):

Part (c): Part (d):

392 University of Houston Department of Mathematics

 SECTION 4.3 Unit Circle Trigonometry

Trigonometric Functions of Angles

Definition of the Six Trigonometric Functions of an Angle:

MATH 1330 Precalculus 393

CHAPTER 4 Trigonometric Functions

Unit Circle Trigonometry:

394 University of Houston Department of Mathematics

 SECTION 4.3 Unit Circle Trigonometry

Example:

Solution:

MATH 1330 Precalculus 395

CHAPTER 4 Trigonometric Functions

Trigonometric Functions of Quadrantal Angles:

Example:

Solution:
Part (a):

396 University of Houston Department of Mathematics

 SECTION 4.3 Unit Circle Trigonometry

Part (b):

Trigonometric Functions of Special Angles:

Example:

MATH 1330 Precalculus 397

CHAPTER 4 Trigonometric Functions

Solution:
Part (a):

398 University of Houston Department of Mathematics

 SECTION 4.3 Unit Circle Trigonometry

Part (b):

MATH 1330 Precalculus 399

CHAPTER 4 Trigonometric Functions

Additional Example 1:

Solution:

400 University of Houston Department of Mathematics

 SECTION 4.3 Unit Circle Trigonometry

Additional Example 2:

Solution:
Part (a):

Part (b):

MATH 1330 Precalculus 401

CHAPTER 4 Trigonometric Functions

Additional Example 3:

Solution:

402 University of Houston Department of Mathematics

 SECTION 4.3 Unit Circle Trigonometry

Evaluating Trigonometric Functions Using Reference

Angles

MATH 1330 Precalculus 403

CHAPTER 4 Trigonometric Functions

Example:

Solution:

404 University of Houston Department of Mathematics

 SECTION 4.3 Unit Circle Trigonometry

MATH 1330 Precalculus 405

CHAPTER 4 Trigonometric Functions

A Technique for Using Reference Angles to Evaluate

Trigonometric Functions:

Example:

Solution:

406 University of Houston Department of Mathematics

 SECTION 4.3 Unit Circle Trigonometry

Example:

Solution:

MATH 1330 Precalculus 407

CHAPTER 4 Trigonometric Functions

Additional Example 1:

Solution:

Additional Example 2:

Solution:

408 University of Houston Department of Mathematics

 SECTION 4.3 Unit Circle Trigonometry

Additional Example 3:

Solution:

MATH 1330 Precalculus 409

CHAPTER 4 Trigonometric Functions

Additional Example 4:

Solution:

410 University of Houston Department of Mathematics

 Exercise Set 4.3: Unit Circle Trigonometry

Sketch each of the following angles in standard position. Sketch each of the following angles in standard position
(Do not use a protractor; just draw a quick sketch of each and then specify the reference angle or reference number.
angle.)
17. (a) 240 (b) 30 (c) 60
1. (a) 30 (b) 135 (c) 300
18. (a) 315 (b) 150 (c) 120
2. (a) 120 (b) 60 (c) 210
7 5 7
19. (a) (b) (c) 
 7 5 6 3 4
3. (a) (b) (c) 
3 4 6  5 5
20. (a)  (b) (c) 
 4 11 3 4 6
4. (a)  (b) (c)
4 3 6 37
21. (a) 840 (b)  (c) 660
5. (a) 90 (b)  (c) 450 6

6. (a) 270 (b) 180 (c) 4 11 11

22. (a) (b) 780 (c) 
3 4
13
7. (a) 240 (b) (c) 510
6
The exercises below are helpful in creating a
9
8. (a) 315 (b)  (c) 1020 comprehensive diagram of the unit circle. Answer the
4 following.

Find three angles, one negative and two positive, that are 23. Using the following unit circle, draw and then label
coterminal with each angle below. 
the terminal side of all multiples of from 0 to
2
9. (a) 50 (b) 200 2 radians. Write all labels in simplest form.

10. (a) 300 (b) 830 y

2 7
11. (a) (b) 
5 2 1

8 4
12. (a) (b)  0
3 9 1
-1
x

-1
Answer the following.

13. List four quadrantal angles in degree measure,

where each angle  satisfies the condition 24. Using the following unit circle, draw and then label
0    360 . 
the terminal side of all multiples of from 0 to
14. List four quadrantal angles in radian measure, where 4
 5 2 radians. Write all labels in simplest form.
each angle  satisfies the condition   .
2 2 y
15. List four quadrantal angles in radian measure, where
5 13
each angle  satisfies the condition   . 1
4 4

16. List four quadrantal angles in degree measure, 0

where each angle  satisfies the condition -1 1
x
800    1160 .
-1

MATH 1330 Precalculus 411

 Exercise Set 4.3: Unit Circle Trigonometry

25. Using the following unit circle, draw and then label 28. Label all the special angles on the unit circle in
 degrees.
the terminal side of all multiples of from 0 to
3
y
2 radians. Write all labels in simplest form.
y
1

0
-1 1
x -1 1
x
-1

-1

26. Using the following unit circle, draw and then label

the terminal side of all multiples of from 0 to
6
2 radians. Write all labels in simplest form.
Name the quadrant in which the given conditions are
y satisfied.
29. sin    0, cos    0
1

30. sin    0, sec    0

0
-1 1
x 31. cot    0, sec    0

-1 32. csc    0, cot    0

33. tan    0, csc    0

27. Use the information from numbers 23-26 to label all 34. csc    0, tan    0
the special angles on the unit circle in radians.
y
Fill in each blank with  ,  , or  .
1
 
35. sin 40 _____ sin 140  
 
36. cos 20 _____ cos 160  
-1 1
x  
37. tan 310 _____ tan 50  
 
38. sin 195 _____ sin 15  
-1

 
39. cos 355 _____ cos 185  
 
40. tan 110 _____ tan 290  

412 University of Houston Department of Mathematics

 Exercise Set 4.3: Unit Circle Trigonometry

Let P  x , y  denote the point where the terminal side of 25 

57. (a) csc   (b) cot  460 
an angle  meets the unit circle. Use the given  6 
9
58. (a) tan  520  (b) sec   
information to evaluate the six trigonometric functions of
.  4 
2
41. P is in Quadrant I and y  .
3
For each angle below, give the coordinates of the point
3
42. P is in Quadrant I and x  . where the terminal side of the angle intersects the unit
8 circle. Then give the six trigonometric functions of the
4 angle.
43. P is in Quadrant IV and x  .
5
59. 45
24
44. P is in Quadrant III and y   . 60. 60
25
1 61. 210
45. P is in Quadrant II and x   .
5
62. 135
2
46. P is in Quadrant II and y  . 5
7 63.
3

For each quadrantal angle below, give the coordinates of 11

64.
the point where the terminal side of the angle intersects 6
the unit circle. Then give the six trigonometric functions
of the angle. If a value is undefined, state “Undefined.”
An alternate method of finding trigonometric functions of
47. 90 30o, 45o, or 60o is shown below.
48. 180
65.
49. 2 10 60o 60o
3
3 30o 30o
50.
2
5 Diagram 1 Diagram 2
51. 
2
52. 8 (a) Find the missing side measures in each of the
diagrams above.

Rewrite each expression in terms of its reference angle, (b) Use right triangle trigonometric ratios to find
deciding on the appropriate sign (positive or negative). the following, using Diagram 1:
sin  30   _____ sin  60   _____
For example,
 4   
 
sin 240   sin 60   tan 
 3 
  tan  3 
 
cos  30   _____ cos  60   _____

     tan  30   _____ tan  60   _____

 
sec 315  sec 45   cos 
7
 6 
   cos  
6
(c) Repeat part (b), using Diagram 2.
53. (a) cos  300  (b) tan 135 
(d) Use the unit circle to find the trigonometric
54. (a) sin  45  (b) cot  210  ratios listed in part (b).
2 
55. (a) sin 140  (b) sec    (e) Examine the answers in parts (b) through (d).
 3 
What do you notice?
 11 
56. (a) csc  190  (b) cos  
 6 

MATH 1330 Precalculus 413

 Exercise Set 4.3: Unit Circle Trigonometry

66. Use either the unit circle or the right triangle method
45o 8 45o from numbers 65-70 to evaluate the following. (Note: The
right triangle method can not be used for quadrantal
45o 45o angles.) If a value is undefined, state “Undefined.”
7
Diagram 1 Diagram 2 71. (a) tan  30  (b) sin  135 
(a) Find the missing side measures in each of the 72. (a) cos 180  (b) csc  60 
diagrams above.
73. (a) csc  150  (b) sin  270 
(b) Use right triangle trigonometric ratios to find
the following, using Diagram 1: 74. (a) sec  225  (b) tan  240 
sin  45   _____ csc  45   _____ 75. (a) cot  450  (b) cos  495 
cos  45   _____ sec  60   _____
76. (a) sin  210  (b) cot  420 
tan  45   _____ cot  60   _____
2
77. (a) csc   (b) cos  
(c) Repeat part (b), using Diagram 2.  3 

 5
(d) Use the unit circle to find the trigonometric 78. (a) sin    (b) cot  
ratios listed in part (b).  3  4 

 3
79. (a) sec    (b) tan  
(e) Examine the answers in parts (b) through (d).
What do you notice?  6  4 

11  3 
80. (a) csc   (b) sec   
 4   2 
The following two diagrams can be used to quickly
10   7 
81. (a) cot  
evaluate the trigonometric functions of any angle having
 (b) sec  
a reference angle of 30o, 45o, or 60o. Use right  3   4 
trigonometric ratios along with the concept of reference
angles, to evaluate the following. (Remember that when  11 
   82. (a) tan  5  (b) cos   
converting degrees to radians, 30  , 45  , 60  .)  2 
6 4 3

2 45o Use a calculator to evaluate the following to the nearest

2 60o
1 1 ten-thousandth. Make sure that your calculator is in the
appropriate mode (degrees or radians).
30o 45o

3 1 Note: Be careful when evaluating the reciprocal trigonometric functions.

67. (a) sin  240  (b) tan 135  For example, when evaluating csc   on your calculator, use the identity

csc    1 . Do NOT use the calculator key labeled sin 1   ; this

68. (a) cos  330  (b) csc  225  sin  

 11 
69. (a) cos    (b) sec 
represents the inverse sine function, which will be discussed in Section 5.4.

 4  6 
2 7
83. (a) sin 37    
(b) tan 218
70. (a) sin   (b) cot   
 3   6  84. (a) tan  350  (b) cos  84 

85. (a) csc 191  (b) cot  21 

414 University of Houston Department of Mathematics

 Exercise Set 4.3: Unit Circle Trigonometry


86. (a) cot 310   
(b) sec 73

   11 
87. (a) cos   (b) csc   
5  7 
 10 
88. (a) sin    (b) cot  4.7 
 9 
89. (a) tan  4.5 (b) sec  3

90. (a) csc  0.457  (b) tan  9.4 

MATH 1330 Precalculus 415