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Virtual Prescription Management System for Doctors, Patients and

Pharmacists

Research · October 2021

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 Virtual Prescription Management System for Doctors, Patients and
Pharmacists
S.D.Abeysinghe1, Dr.Budditha Hettige2

1
General
Sir John Kothalawela Defence University, Sri Lanka
2
General Sir John Kothalawela Defence University, Sri Lanka
# <[email protected]>

Abstract— In the world today, medical sector has to face patient and the patient have to face huge difficulties in the
critical situation during this pandemeic time period. So, Sri Lanka. It may be drug poisoning, occurrence of
using this kind of prescription management system, it will mutations, eye blindness, skin diseases, allergy and etc.
help to everyone in the world for improve their medical Also using the paper prescriptions, patient can buy same
treatments. The doctors and the patients have to face many medicine in the long period of time without getting doctor’s
difficulties during their medical treatments without proper instructions and permission. Sometimes patients are using
medical history. Therefore, doctors can not get strong the same prescription since one or two, three years.
decision to treat for the patient, because they don’t know Normally one prescription is valid only for three months.
So, it is another problem of this paper prescription. And,
the medical history, treatments of the patient. So, In this
doctors write the brand name of the drug in the prescription.
project, the main aim is to develop and implement a virtual
Then pharmacist give that medicine what was wrote in
prescription management system to improve the efficient
prescription, if the patient wants to buy another brand of
and effective interaction among doctors, patients, and
medicine; because of this procedure, patient can’t buy what
pharmacists. Nowadays, every industry is go forward with patient need. Because patient can’t read the prescription
the modern technology. So, absulotely medical sector what are the things in it. This is another problem of the
already did that for the different kind of factors. But there existing method. And this existing method give the piece of
is an issue among the doctors, patients and also paper as a medical prescription. It is a small piece of paper.
pharmacists with the prescriptions. So, this paper is about Therefore, it can be lost. In Sri Lanka, there is no any
the virtual prescription management system to avoid the Electronic Health Record system.
several inconvenience during the doctors given medical
treatments to the patients and pharmacists given the So after developing this kind of prescription management
medicines to the patients with the prescriptions. Here, system it will help all the doctors and patients for future
discuss about the problems of the prescriptions, what is the treatments. Using the database, the doctors and researchers,
who are research about the medicines and diseases, they
solution for that problems and advantages, benefits from
can identify the effects of the medicines and treatments
this kind of application when we developed it. As well as
using medical history as an electronic health record system.
what are the novelties comparing existing systems.
Refering after the research papers, this research can find As mention above, there are so many reasons to develop
out the what are the shortcomings of existing systems and this kind of system. After the developing this virtual
how should we developed this kind of system to avoid that prescription management system, all the people can take
shortcoming what was identified previously. the several kind of advantages. Special thing, there isn’t
any EHR system in Sri Lanka. So doctors can’t identify the
Keywords— Virtual Prescription Management
effects of the medicines. But after developing and using this
System(VPMS), Electronic Health Record
system, all the people can maintain their help record
System(EHRS), Decision Support System(DSS)
automatically. It will help to doctors to give better
I. INTRODUCTION treatments.
In the Sri Lanka, doctors give the prescription to the
patients using the papers. That is the common method of • By developing the system, pharmacists no need to
giving prescription to the patients who are coming to get worry about the doctor’s hand writing and can
the medicine from the doctors. When the patient come to give the medicine with confident.
meet the doctor; doctor check the patient and write the • Can reduce the prescription losing.
medical information like patient’s name, age, male or • Can reduce using one prescription in a long period
female, what is the medicine, what is the quantity of the of time without permission of the doctor.
medicine, what is the drugs brand name and also include • Patient can maintain a unique information
the doctor’s details like using seal. This kind of prescription according to his or her treatments.
was made lot of problems in the Sri Lankan history. • Doctor can easily check the patient past medical
Doctor’s handwriting is illegibale and unclear, and it is treatments.
difficult to read the patient and also the pharmacist. • Can use as an EHR system.
Therefore, pharmacist gave the wrong medicine to the • Can use as a decision support system.
 II. LITERATURE REVIEW of ll the activities which are in the web based system.
In the use of literature review, it will help to discover the (Sultana, 2014)
shorcomings, new technologies and benefits related to the
This research shown the problems of handwritten
virtual prescription management system. And through the
prescriptions in the medical field. Usually doctor given
literature review, it can compare the existing systems and
gather out the procedures, available systems and what are hand written and hand delivered prescriptions to the
paptients but that usual process cause the lot of errors and
the problrms of conducting with prescription management
system technologies as well. problems.Also that hand written prescriptions are
inefficient to store and it can’t use as a prescription record
This research paper is about, system of hospital drug as a future decisions related the patient health. So, as a
prescription using and distribution. Also about the solution, this research paper shown e-prescription system
advantages and medical activity management system for the diagnosis of diseases. (Adebayo Omotosho, ustice
drawbacks. It all integrated with the supply chain Emuoyibofarhe, 2015)
management of the hospital. (R. LANSSffiRS, E.
EVERAERT, M . DE WIN,R. V A N DE VELDE, H. DE In this research discuss about the mediction management
challenges and as a solution for that identifyied problems,
CLERCQ, 2002)
this research shown a prescription management system and
This research shown the difficulties of complying with general inventory control system together. Here proposed
prescription using elderly, uneducated and impaired people. to develop a web based medication management system
Because of that, prescription misude is common thing with and and the inventory control system improve into control
these kind of people. So, as a solution for that problem, this clinic settinfs freely. (Arielle M. Fisher1* , Timothy M.
research shown an automated medication dispenser and Mtonga1, Jeremy U. Espino1, Lauren J. Jonkman2, Sharon
also special medicine crtridges. It will have to reduce the E. Connor2, Nickie K. Cappella1 and Gerald P. Douglas1,
risks. (Spence Green,Jonathan Kelley,Brad Pinney, 2004 ) 2018 )

This research main aim is to develop and evaluate an In this research discuss about the online prescription
electronic prescription management system with medicine management system. It is for facilitate the processing of
management system for pysicians of primary care. As a prescriptions. In this research evaluate the online
conclution of this the physicians of primary care trust about prescription management system with impact of HUMIRA
the electronic prescribing and grug management system Complete Pro (HCPro) and the outcome of that. (Jason E.
and it they belived that kind of system will help to improve Hawkes . Manish Mittal . Matthew Davis . Diana Brixner,
continuity of care. (ROBYN TAMBLYN, PHD, ALLEN 2019)
HUANG, MDCM, YUKO KAWASUMI, MSC, GILLIAN
Through out this research discuss about the three main
BARTLETT, PHD,ROLAND GRAD, MDCM, ANDRE´
JACQUES, MD, MARTIN DAWES, MD, MICHAL factors. Such as, evidence-based medicine (EBM) practices,
clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and real-world
ABRAHAMOWICZ, PHD,ROBERT PERREAULT, MD,
prescriptions. This research paper finished out with the US
LAUREL TAYLOR, PHD, NANCY WINSLADE,
PHARMD, LISE POISSANT, PHD, 2006 ) patients and it is related to antidepressant treatments of
major depression. (Luo Y, Ostinelli EG, Sahker E,
This research paper aim to given prescriptions to intensity Chaimani A, Kataoka Y, Ogawa Y, Cipriani A,Salanti G,
modulated radiation therapy(IMRT). It is a widely accepted Furukawa TA,, 2020)
method to give prescriptions to radiation therapies. So as a
In this research discuss about the depressive disorders (DD).
conclution of this research, it can shown, the
So, here find out the depressive disorder affect not only
prescriptionscan deleverd according to the medical
with mood, it also affect with behaviour as well as various
instructions, and also it raising concern with the clinical
functions of physical. And with the traditional chinese
outcomes for IMRT. (Indra J. Das , Chee-Wai Cheng ,
Kashmiri L. Chopra , Raj K. Mitra , Shiv P. Srivastava , Eli medicine prove, several kind of benefits of the depressive
disorder treatments. And this research main goal is find out
Glatstein, 2008 )
the main prescription methods related to the chinese herbal
In this research discuss about the systemtic way to develop medicine via the patients. (Diem Ngoc Hong Tran , I-Hsuan
a platform for the telerehabilitation services. This is begin Hwang , Fun-Jou Chen ,Yuan-Pu Tseng , Ching-Mao
with the initial state of the telerehabilitation and the Chang , Shih-Jen Tsai , Jen-Lin Yang , Ta-Peng
solutions depend on the integrated IT systems. (Saptono, Wu ,Chung-Hua Hsu , Fang-Pey Chen , Yen-Ying Kung ,
2011 ) 2020)

In this research discuss about the web based system. Using III. PROBLEM STATEMENT AND STUDY
that web based system patient can appoint a doctor very OBJECTIVES
esily. This web based system cn manage the appoinments
The literature review has identify the huge importance of
and can manage the time schedule. Admin is the controller
prescription management system. And also it present the
prescription management system is an essential factor since
several years ago. Because, lot of people did variety of proper solution for the identify problems. As a solution for
researches related to the prescription management and above mentioned problems, design and develop a
medical data storage. Otherwise, it is good to study the prescription management system to reduce the
medical side research because it has significant role to give inconvenience of the current method.
a proper solution for identified some problems.
IV. METHODOLOGY
So, in this research main problems are doctor's handwriting
is illegible and unclear. Nowadays, this problem is a vital The main methods of develop this kind of system is
and it come forward as a common complaint about doctors. gathering information, details and analysing. So,
This problem becomes a serious issue when such qualitative and quantitative data analysis is done for the
illegibility results in misunderstand the pharmacy issuing a research. It is need to identify the data, recognize the aim
wrong drug. So, new generation is very interested about the and objectives, well processing and communication the
medicines, what they used. So, they try to obtain needs. Through the one to one interviews and questionnaire,
knowledge from the internet about the medicine they used. it was gathering the required information for the research.
If the prescription can not read, they cann’t received that So, all the data and information provided by maho hospital.
knowledge of the medicine. In the developed countries Clinical doctors and patients provided a give value of data
people have huge knowledge related to the medicines what for success the research.
they used for their diseases and sicknesses. But, Sri Lankan A. Approach
people haven’t that knowledge about the medicines they
used. Patient need to download mobile application into their
mobile phone and create an account and register into the
And other point is pharmacists, patients cannot read and prescription management system. Also, doctors need to
understand the medicines what is in the prescription. When browse the website and register into the prescription
people visit the supermarket, they try to choose goods and management system.
examine manufacturing date, expirary date, cost, quality
and etc. But people visit to pharmacy, they never examine After all the registrationa, as an overall of the whole
about the medicine. Because people haven’t knowledge and process can elaborate like this. After doctor received the
can’t read the prescription also. In Sri Lanka, most people details of the patient, then doctor can upload that details
spend lot of money for their medical treatments.But they into the prescription management system using website.
never try to observe knowledge about their medicines. After that process, automatically generate the prescription
Because of these reseasons, pharmacists give the wrong using the system. Then the prescription is saved in the
medicines to the patients. database. The database connects with the website and the
mobile application.
And other point is the paper prescription can be used for a
long period of time without a doctor’s permission. That prescription has unique ID. Also prescription is
Normally one prescription is valid for three months. But in unique for each patient who get the prescriptions from the
Sri Lankan people use one prescription in a long period of system. One patient can get several prescriptions and that
time. They buy medicine again and again form phramcies all prescriptions are unique for that patient.After saving the
using prescription. It is not good thing for people health. prescription in the database the QR code will generate.
Because of that process, people have to face lot of side Using the QR code, the patient can scan the prescription
effects and also body organs can be damaged. Because of and can receive it.
that, people have to face variety of unrecognized diseases.
Then patient vist the pharmacy and the pharmacist can scan
And the paper prescription can be lost or damaged. This is the prescription using his mobile application QR scan
a common problem patients have to face. Doctors give a process. And also can give correct medicine to the patient.
prescription in a small piece of paper. So, it can be lost very That prescription contains the prescription created date and
easily. valid time period. So, patient can’t buy same medicine
without doctor’s permission and the accuracy of
The main important point, Sri Lanka hasn’t electronic prescription is 99%. This process can clerly understand
health record system and because of that, inability to store using figure 01.
data about the patient, diseases and the medicine used. If
there is any electronic health record system, doctors easy to Figure 01 can clearly shown above mentioned process and
examine and can obtain knowledge about the patient it can easily understand the proposed system process. There
medical history and treatments. Same as that, doctors easily are so many doctors, patients and pharmacists. Also there
can take decisions related the patients treatments and it will is an admin in the system and admin can control some
help as a decision support system. functions of the system. Admin can add, edit, remove and
update all the doctors, patients, pharmacists and also the
And there are some objectives of this research. such as, To drug details.
do a proper analysis using current process and understand
the problem of the current manual method. And to give a
 In this proposed system has main 03 layers. That are
Application layer, Network layer and Database layer. It can
clearly identify using figure 02.

D. Software Design

In this there are four user lavels. Doctor, Patient,

Pharmacist and Admin. Doctor can accesses the web
application and patient and pharmacist can access the
android application. Admin can access the both application.

Figure 01 – Use Case Diagram

B. Technology

The proposed method to create a virtual prescription

management system is using with several kind of modern
technologies. It is need to use the acceptibale tools for the
production process of the website and the android
application. Because the use of unnecessary tools and
technologies can cause variety of errors and issues. It will
shown huge errors during the implementation process.
Such as, Android studio, xammp server, visual studio code,
java, html, css and etc. So, this system decide to develop a
mobile application and website. So, variety of technologies
Figure 03 – Interface of the Andriod Application
required to success this system.

• For Web – HTML, CSS, Java Script

• For Android – Java, XML

• For Database – MySQL

• For Server – PHP

C. System Architecture

Figure 04 – Interface of the Web Application (Add

Prescription)
E. Non Functional Requirements

• Performance - The system should control the

user's access.

• Reliability - System should very reliable for

each patient.

• Efficiency - It is good to save time with

medical treatments.Because doctors can see
Figure 02 – Overall Architecture past medical records easily.

• Accuracy - Data has high accuracy with system.

F. Functional Requirements difficult to go through with prescription management
system also. As a main conclusion of this research is
• Drugs Searching – No need to enter full name developing this prescription management system is very
of the medicine. All the drug names already in valuable and important product for future medical field.
the system and when doctor input two or three Because since long period of time lot of people has done
letters drug name will shown as a suggestion. researches with the name of prescriptions. But there isn’t
proper solution for the illegible hand writing and unclear
• Create Prescription – The prescription will
handwriiten prescriptions. So, as an overall solution this
create automatically through the prescription
prescription management system can introduced. Fter
management system. Need to input al the data
develop the prescription management system, it can use as
correctly.
an EHR system. Also it can conclude, doctors can use this
• Scan Prescription – Using QR code patients and system as a decision support system.Because the database
pharmacists easily can scan the prescription. can store past prescriptions. Also if any patient need to
present prescriptions as a document, it can generate the
• Check the past records – Past prescriptions are medical reports from the system.Because of this
automatically store in the database. So it is can management it can reduce misuse of the prescriptions. Also,
use as an electronic health record system. So, it can conclude the prescriptions not be lost or damage.
doctors easily can treatments if there is a Pharmacists can easily identify the drugs what is in the
emergency case. prescription. Main conclusion is patient can not buy
medicine for the same prescription in a long period of time.
• Summery report generator – If patient need to
present the past medical records, patient can REFERENCES
receive a summery report about past
prescriptions what was obtained by doctors.
Adebayo Omotosho, ustice Emuoyibofarhe, 2015.
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It set out according to the measures and develop the Diagnosing Tropical. www.researchgate.net, p. 11.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The completion of research could not have been possible
without the guidsnce of my supervisor Dr. Budditha hEttige.
The researcher would like to express the heartful gratitude
and appreciation particulary to my supervisor for his
support and encouragement toward this paper. It was a
great privilege for the researcher for being able to do a
research under his supervision and guidance. A thank you
goes to everyone who helped for the completion of this task.

AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY/IES

Sachini Dias Abeysinghe is a third year

Information Systems undergraduate at
General Sir John Kotelawala Defence
University. This is the 2nd research
paper written in this university General
Sir John Kotelawela Defence University.

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