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Data Communication and Networking

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17 views1 page

Data Communication and Networking

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sonysuyal24
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Computer Awareness Bundle PDF Course 2023

Introduction

DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING


When we communicate, we are sharing information. This sharing can be local or remote. Between individuals,
local communication usually occurs face to face, while remote communication takes place over distance.The word
data refers to information presented in whatever form is agreed upon by the parties creating and using the data.
Data communication means the exchange of data between two devices via some form of transmission medium such
as a wire cable. For data communications to occur,the communicating devices must be part of a communication
system made up of a combination of hardware (physical equipment) and software (programs). The effectiveness of
a data communications system depends on four fundamental characteristics: delivery, accuracy, timeliness, and
jitter.
• Delivery: -The system must deliver data to the correct destination. Data must be received by the intended
device or user and only by that device or user.
• Accuracy: -The system must deliver the data accurately. Data that have been altered in transmission and
left uncorrected are unusable.
• Timeliness: -The system must deliver data in a timely manner. Data delivered late are useless. In the case of
video and audio, timely delivery means delivering data as they are produced, in the same order that they are
produced, and without significant delay. This kind of delivery is called real-time transmission.
• Jitter: -Jitter refers to the variation in the packet arrival time. It is the uneven delay in the delivery of audio
or video packets.

Components in a data communication system

• Message: - The message is the information (data) to be communicated. Popular forms of information
include text, numbers, pictures, audio, and video.
• Sender: - The sender is the device that sends the data message. It can be a computer, workstation,
telephone handset, video camera, and so on.
• Receiver: - The receiver is the device that receives the message. It can be a computer, workstation,
telephone handset, television, and so on.
• Transmission medium: - The transmission medium is the physical path by which a message travels from
sender to receiver. Some examples of transmission media Include twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, fibre-
optic cable, and radio waves.
• Protocol: - A protocol is a set of rules that govern data communications. It represents an agreement
between the communicating devices. Without a protocol, two devices may be connected but not
communicating.

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