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Cheat Sheet: Python Data Structures Part-2

Dictionaries
Package/Method Description Code Example
Example:
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A dictionary is a built-in data type that represents a 2. 2
Creating a
collection of key-value pairs. Dictionaries are enclosed in
Dictionary 1. dict_name = {} #Creates an empty dictionary
curly braces {}.
2. person = { "name": "John", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}

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Syntax:
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1. Value = dict_name["key_name"]

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You can access the values in a dictionary using their
Accessing Values Example:
corresponding keys.
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1. name = person["name"]
2. age = person["age"]

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Syntax:
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1. dict_name[key] = value

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Inserts a new key-value pair into the dictionary. If the key
Add or modify already exists, the value will be updated; otherwise, a Example:
new entry is created.
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1. person["Country"] = "USA" # A new entry will be created.

2. person["city"] = "Chicago" # Update the existing value for the same key

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Syntax:

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1. del dict_name[key]

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Removes the specified key-value pair from the dictionary.
del
Raises a KeyError if the key does not exist. Example:

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1. del person["Country"]

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Syntax:
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1. dict_name.update({key: value})

The update() method merges the provided dictionary into Copied!

update() the existing dictionary, adding or updating key-value
pairs. Example:

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1. person.update({"Profession": "Doctor"})

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clear() The clear() method empties the dictionary, removing all Syntax:
key-value pairs within it. After this operation, the
dictionary is still accessible and can be used further. 1. 1

1. dict_name.clear()

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Example:

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1. grades.clear()

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Example:
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You can check for the existence of a key in a dictionary 2. 2
key existence
using the in keyword 1. if "name" in person:
2. print("Name exists in the dictionary.")

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Syntax:

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1. new_dict = dict_name.copy()

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Creates a shallow copy of the dictionary. The new
copy() dictionary contains the same key-value pairs as the Example:
original, but they remain distinct objects in memory.
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1. new_person = person.copy()
2. new_person = dict(person) # another way to create a copy of dictionary

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Syntax:

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1. keys_list = list(dict_name.keys())

Retrieves all keys from the dictionary and converts them Copied!
keys() into a list. Useful for iterating or processing keys using
list methods. Example:
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1. person_keys = list(person.keys())

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Syntax:
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1. values_list = list(dict_name.values())

Extracts all values from the dictionary and converts them Copied!
values() into a list. This list can be used for further processing or
analysis. Example:
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1. person_values = list(person.values())

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Syntax:
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1. items_list = list(dict_name.items())

Retrieves all key-value pairs as tuples and converts them Copied!

items() into a list of tuples. Each tuple consists of a key and its
corresponding value. Example:

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1. info = list(person.items())

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Sets
Package/Method Description Code Example
Syntax:
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1. set_name.add(element)

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Elements can be added to a set using the `add()` method. Duplicates are automatically
add()
removed, as sets only store unique values. Example:

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1. fruits.add("mango")

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clear() The `clear()` method removes all elements from the set, resulting in an empty set. It Syntax:
updates the set in-place.
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1. set_name.clear()

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Example:
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1. fruits.clear()</td>

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Syntax:
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1. new_set = set_name.copy()

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The `copy()` method creates a shallow copy of the set. Any modifications to the copy
copy()
won't affect the original set. Example:
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1. new_fruits = fruits.copy()

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Example:
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A set is an unordered collection of unique elements. Sets are enclosed in curly braces
Defining Sets
`{}`. They are useful for storing distinct values and performing set operations. 1. empty_set = set() #Creating an Empty
2. Set fruits = {"apple", "banana", "orange"}

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Syntax:
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1. set_name.discard(element)

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Use the `discard()` method to remove a specific element from the set. Ignores if the
discard()
element is not found. Example:
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1. fruits.discard("apple")

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Syntax:
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1. is_subset = set1.issubset(set2)

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The `issubset()` method checks if the current set is a subset of another set. It returns
issubset()
True if all elements of the current set are present in the other set, otherwise False. Example:

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1. is_subset = fruits.issubset(colors)

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Syntax:

is_superset = set1.issuperset(set2)
The `issuperset()` method checks if the current set is a superset of another set. It Example:
issuperset() returns True if all elements of the other set are present in the current set, otherwise
False. 1. 1

1. is_superset = colors.issuperset(fruits)

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Syntax:
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1. removed_element = set_name.pop()

The `pop()` method removes and returns an arbitrary element from the set. It raises a Copied!
pop() `KeyError` if the set is empty. Use this method to remove elements when the order
doesn't matter. Example:
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1. removed_fruit = fruits.pop()

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remove() Use the `remove()` method to remove a specific element from the set. Raises a Syntax:
`KeyError` if the element is not found.
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1. set_name.remove(element)

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Example:
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1. fruits.remove("banana")

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Syntax:
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1. union_set = set1.union(set2)
2. intersection_set = set1.intersection(set2)
3. difference_set = set1.difference(set2)
4. sym_diff_set = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)

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Perform various operations on sets: `union`, `intersection`, `difference`, `symmetric
Set Operations
difference`. Example:
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1. combined = fruits.union(colors)
2. common = fruits.intersection(colors)
3. unique_to_fruits = fruits.difference(colors)
4. sym_diff = fruits.symmetric_difference(colors)

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Syntax:
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1. set_name.update(iterable)

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The `update()` method adds elements from another iterable into the set. It maintains
update()
the uniqueness of elements. Example:
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1. fruits.update(["kiwi", "grape"])

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