Se & CN Lab

St.
Martin's Engineering
College UGC Autonomous
NBA & NAAC A+ Accredited
Dhulapally, Secunderabad-500 100
www.smec.ac.in
LAB MANUAL
YEAR : 2023-24
REGULATION : R22
COURSE NAME : SOFTWARE ENGINEERING & COMPUTER NETWORKS LAB
COURSE CODE: IT504PC
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

St. Martin's Engineering College
UGC Autonomous
NBA & NAAC A+ Accredited
Dhulapally, Secunderabad-500 100
www.smec.ac.in
INDEX
S.NO NAME OF PROGRAM
1 Vision and Mission of Institution and Department
2 COs, POs, PSOs & PEOs
3 Syllabus
4 List of Experiments
5 Programs
6 Contents beyond Syllabus

3
Vision and Mission of the Department and Institute
To become an institute of excellence by creating high quality and

innovating engineering and management professionals who would
Vision of the Institute
take the world into their stride through sustainable growth in
technology and management.
To instill moral values and promote technological, intellectual and

ethical environment to the students with an in-depth and exceptional
education that makes them employment ready as per the emerging
Mission of the Institute trends in industry and to invoke the desire of innovation as a process
of life•long learning for a successful career in engineering and
management.
To evolve the department of computer science and engineering as a

Vision of the center of academic excellence with latest technologies to transform
Department
students into innovative global leaders.
M1: To produce competitive graduates having creative skills and

ethical values to succeed in their fields as well as the foundation for
lifelong learning.
Mission of the
Department M2: By promoting research and development activities in
collaboration with reputed industries and laboratories.
M3: To analyze, design and develop high quality software systems

using the appropriate theory, principles, tools and processes.
Dept. of IT CS506PC: SE & CN LAB

4
COs, POs, PSOs & PEOs
S. NO. Course Objectives
1 To install and run the Python interpreter
2 To learn control structures
To Understand Lists, Dictionaries in python

3
4 To Handle Strings and Files in Python

5
Course Outcomes
S. NO. Course Outcomes BTL
CO1 Develop the application specific codes using python. L3
CO2 Understand Strings, Lists, Tuples and Dictionaries in Python L1

CO3 Verify programs using modular approach, file I/O, Python
L4
standard library
CO4 Implement Digital Systems using Python L2
CO5 To be able to work with different network tools L5

PROGRAM OUTCOMES
S. Program Outcomes Level Expertise a

ssessed by
NO.
Engineering knowledge: Apply the

knowledge of mathematics, science,
Assignment,
PO1 engineering fundamentals, and an engineering 3
Tutorials
specialization to the solution of complex
engineering problems.
Problem analysis: Identify, formulate,

review research literature, and analyze
complex engineering problems reaching Assignment,
PO2 3
substantiated conclusions using first Tutorials
principles of mathematics, natural sciences,
and engineering sciences.
Design/development of solutions: Design

solutions for complex engineering problems
and design system components or processes
Assignment,
PO3 that meet the specified needs with appropriate 3
Tutorials
consideration for the public health and safety,
and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
Conduct investigations of complex

problems: Use research-based knowledge
and research methods including design of
PO4 2 Assignments
experiments, analysis and interpretation of
data, and synthesis of the information to
provide valid conclusions.

7
Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply

appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including
PO5 2 Assignments
prediction and modeling to complex
engineering activities with an understanding
of the limitations.
The engineer and society: Apply reasoning

informed by the contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and Assignment,
PO6 3
cultural issues and the consequent Tutorials
responsibilities relevant to the professional
engineering practice.
Environment and sustainability:

Understand the impact of the professional
engineering solutions in societal and
PO7 3 Guest Lectures
environmental contexts, and demonstrate the
knowledge of, and need for sustainable
development.
Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit

PO8 to professional ethics and responsibilities and 1 --
norms of the engineering practice.
Individual and team work: Function

effectively as an individual, and as a member
PO9 1 --
or leader in diverse teams, and in
multidisciplinary settings
Communication: Communicate effectively

on complex engineering activities with the
PO10 engineering community and with society at 1 --
large, such as, being able to comprehend and
write effective reports and design

8
documentation, make effective presentations,

and give and receive clear instructions.
Project management and finance:

Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of
the engineering and management principles
PO11 and apply these to one’s own work, as a 1 --
member and leader in a team, to manage
projects and in multidisciplinary
environments
Life-long learning: Recognize the need for,

and have the preparation and ability to engage
PO12 3 Guest Lectures
in independent and life-long learning in the
broadest context of technological change.
1- None 2- Supportive 3- Highly Related

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
PEO No. Program Educational Objectives
To apply engineering processes and practices to software and hardware systems

PEO1
skillfully and efficiently.
Ability to understand and analyze engineering issues in a broader prospective

PEO2
with ethical responsibility.
To prepare students to fit into any industry associated with developing and
PEO3
implementation of software products or technologies.
To equip the graduates with ability to analyze, design and test the novel
PEO4
products.
PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES
S. No. Program Specific Outcomes Level Expertise & assessed by
Proficiency skill: Potential to understand,

Implement and conduct research in various
PSO1 3 Lecture, Assignments
sub domains of Computer Science &
Engineering.
Analytical skills: Capability to apply

PSO2 theoretical knowledge to practical 3 Lecture, Assignments
implementation for a quality product.
Successful Career and

Entrepreneurship: Preparedness to adopt
PSO3 new technology with unprecedented ideas 1 ----
to be a successful entrepreneur besides a
zeal towards higher studies
1- None 2- Supportive 3- Highly Related

R22 B.TECH IT III YEAR
IT504PC: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER NETWORKS LAB
III Year B.Tech. IT II-Sem LTPC
0 02 1
Course Objectives
1. To install and run the Python interpreter

2. To learn control structures.
3. To Understand Lists, Dictionaries in python
4. To Handle Strings and Files in Python To understand the working principle of various
communication protocols.
Course Outcomes
1. Develop the application specific codes using python.
2. Understand Strings, Lists, Tuples and Dictionaries in Python
3. Verify programs using modular approach, file I/O, Python standard library
4. Implement Digital Systems using Python
5. To be able to work with different network tools
List of Experiments
Software Engineering List of Experiments:
1. Development of problem statements.
2. Preparation of Software Requirement Specification Document, Design Documents and
Testing Phase related documents.
3. Preparation of Software Configuration Management and Risk Management related
documents
4. Study and usage of any Design phase CASE tool
5. Performing the Design by using any Design phase CASE tools.
6. Develop test cases for unit testing and integration testing
7. Develop test cases for various white box and black box testing techniques.
Sample Projects: 1. Passport automation System 2. Book Bank 3. Online Exam
Registration
Computer Networks List of Experiments:

1. Implement the data link layer framing methods such as character, characterstuffing and bit
stuffing.
2. Write a program to compute CRC code for the polynomials CRC-12, CRC-16 and CRC
CCIP
3. Develop a simple data link layer that performs the flow control using the sliding window
protocol, and loss recovery using the Go-Back-N mechanism.
4. Implement Dijsktra’s algorithm to compute the shortest path through a network
5. Take an example subnet of hosts and obtain a broadcast tree for the subnet.
6. Implement distance vector routing algorithm for obtaining routing tables at each node.
7. Implement data encryption and data decryption.
EXPERIMENT 1
1. Problem Statement: A Book Bank lends books and magazines to member, who is registered
in the system. Also it handles the purchase of new titles for the Book Bank. Popular titles are brought
into multiple copies. Old books and magazines are removed when they are out or date or poor in
condition. A member can reserve a book or magazine that is not currently available in the book bank,
so that when it is returned or purchased by the book bank, that person is notified. The book bank can
easily create, replace and delete information about the tiles, members, loans and reservations from the
system.
2. Preparation of Software Requirement Specification Document:
Users Characteristics:
Student: They are the people who desire to obtain the books and submit the information to the
database.
Librarian: He has the certain privileges to add the books and to approval of the reservation of books.
System Modules:
Log in: Secure registration of student and librarian by filling online registration form.
Book bank: Book bank contains all the books. New book added to the book bank with bookno, title
name, author, edition, publisher name details to the database. Any book is deleted if damaged. Update
of the book information also done.
Operations: student and administrator perform their operations like add book, delete book, update
information, view book details are implemented in log in WebPages.
Non-functional requirements:
Privacy: privacy maintained for each and every user by providing user credentials username and
password.
Portability: installation on multiple platforms and execution of software.
3. Preparation of Software Configuration Management

Software Requirements:
Operating sytem: windows 7/10
Front end : J2EE
Back end : My SQL Server
IDE used : Netbeans
Hardware Requirements:
Processor:i3 or higher
RAM : 4 GB
Hard Disk drive: 500 GB

CASE Tool: STARUML
How to Install StarUML on Windows 10
Star UML is a UML (Unified Modeling Language) tool, introduce by MKLab. It is an open-source
modeling tool that supports the UML framework for system and software modeling. StarUML
is based on UML version 1.4, it provides 11 different types of diagram and it accepts UML 2.0
notation. Version 2.0 was released for beta testing under a property license.
StarUML is actively supporting the MDA (Model Driven Architecture). It approaches by

supporting the UML profile concept and allowing it to generate code for multiple languages. It
also provides a number of bug fixes and improved compatibility with the modern versions of
the Windows Operating System.
StarUML is mostly used by the Agile and small development teams, professional persons and
used by the educational institutes
Diagram Types in StarUML
1. Use Case Diagram
2.Class Diagram
3.Sequence Diagram
4.Collaboration Diagram
5.Statechart Diagram
6.Component Diagram
7.Deployment Diagram
8. Composite Structure Diagram
Features of StarUML
1. It supports multi-platform such as macOS, Windows, and Linux.
2. It involves UML 2.x.standard compliant.
3. Includes Entity-Relationship diagram (ERD), Data-flow diagram (DFD), and Flowchart

diagram.
4. It creates multiple windows.
5. It has modern UX and dark and light themes.
6. Featured with retina (High-DPI) display support.
7. Includes model-driven development.
8. It has open APIs.
9. Supports various third-party extensions.
10. Asynchronous model validation.

9
11. It can export to HTML docs.
Steps to Download and Install StarUML
Step 1: Go on the browser, type in the URL “StarUML”
Step 2: Click on the very first search “Download-StarUML”.
Step 3: There will be 3 Operating Systems (OS) options, click on the option as per the devise
OS.
Step 4: Now, right-click on the downloaded file, select “Show in Folder” option.
Step 5: Click on the open file, a popup window opens, click on the “Yes” button.
Step 6: Installation gets start. After installation popup opens to ask to buy a license. If you
want to click on the “Buy Now” button or else close that window. StarUML is ready to use.
2. Performing the Design by using any Design phase CASE tools
CASE Tool: StarUML
Use_Case Diagram:
The book bank use cases are:
1. book_issue
2. book_return
3. book_order
4. book_entry
5. search book_details
10
Actors Involved:
1. Student
11
2. Librarian
3. Vendor
Usecase Name : Search Book_Details
The librarian initiates this use case when any member returns or request the book and checking if the
book is available.
Precondition: The librarian should enter all Book details.
Normal Flow: Build message for librarian who search the book.
Post Condition: Send message to respective member who reserved the book.
Usecase Name : Book_ Issue

Initiated by librarian when any member wants to borrow the desired book. If the book is available,
the book is issued.
Precondition: Member should be valid member of library.
Normal Flow: Selected book will be issued to the member.
Alternative Flow: If book is not available then reserved book use case should be initiate. Post
Condition: Update the catalogue.
Usecase Name : Book_Order

Initiated by librarian when the requested book is not available in the library at that moment. The book
is reserved for the future and issued to the person when it is available.
Precondition: Initiated only when book is not available.
Normal Flow: It reserved the book if requested.
Post Condition : Mention the entry in catalogue for reservation.
Usecase Name : Book_Return

Invoked by the librarian when a member returns the book.
Normal Flow: Librarian enters bookid and system checks for return date of the book. Alternative
12
Flow: System checks for return date and if it returned late fine message will be displayed.
13
Post Condition: Check the status of reservation.
Usecase Name : Book_Entry

The purchase book use-case when new books invoke it or magazines are added to the library.
Precondition: Not available or more copies are required.
Normal Flow: Enter bookid,author information, publication information, purchased date, prize and
number of copies.
Post Condition: Update the information in catalogue.
Figure 1. Usecase diagram for Book Bank System
Activity Diagram:
Activity diagrams are graphical representations of workflows of stepwise activities and actions with
14
support for choice, iteration and concurrency. In the Unified Modeling Language, activity diagrams
can be used to describe the business and operational step-by-step workflows of components in a
system. An activity diagram shows the overall flow of control. An activity is shown as an rounded
box containing the name of the operation.
This activity diagram describes the behaviour of the system.
Figure 2. Activity Diagram for Book Bank System [borrow book]
15
Figure 3. Activity Diagram for Book Bank System [order book]
16
Figure 4. Activity Diagram for Book Bank System [Return book]
Sequence Diagram:
A sequence diagram represents the sequence and interactions of a given USE-CASE or scenario.
Sequence diagrams can capture most of the information about the system. Most object to object
interactions and operations are considered events and events include signals, inputs, decisions, interrupts,
transitions and actions to or from users or external devices.
An event also is considered to be any action by an object that sends information. The event line
represents a message sent from one object to another, in which the “form” object is requesting an
operation be performed by the “to” object. The “to” object performs the operation using a method that the
class contains.
17
It is also represented by the order in which things occur and how the objects in the system send
message to one another.
18
Figure 5. Sequence Diagram For Book Issue & Return
Figure 6. Collaboration Diagram For Book Issue & Return
Class Diagram:
The class diagram, also referred to as object modeling is the main static analysis diagram. The main
task of object modeling is to graphically show what each object will do in the problem domain. The
problem domain describes the structure and the relationships among objects.
19
The ATM system class diagram consists of four classes:
1. Student
2. Book
3. Issue
4. Return
5. Vendor
6. Details
1) Student:
It consists of twelve attributes and three operations. The attributes are enrollno, name, DOB,
fathername, address, dept name, batch and book limits. The operations of this class are addStInfo(),
deleteStInfo(), modifyStInfo().
2) Book:
It consists of ten attributes and four operations. This class is used to keep book information such as
author, title, vendor, price, etc
3) Issue:
It consists of eight attributes and two operations to maintain issue details such as, issue date, accno of
issued book, name of the student who borrowed book.
4) Return:
5) Students:
The attributes of this class are name, dept ,year ,bcode no The operation is display students().
6) Detail:
20
The attributes of this class are book name, author, bcode no The operations are delete details().
Figure 7. Class Diagram For Book Bank System
State Chart Diagram

It consists of state, events and activities. State diagrams are a familiar technique to describe the
behavior of a system. They describe all of the possible states that a particular object can get into and
how the object's state changes as a result of events that reach the object.
21
Figure 8. State Chart Diagram for BookBank System
Deployment Diagram and Component Diagram
Deployment diagrams are used to visualize the topology of the physical components of a system where
the software components are deployed.
Figure 9: Deployment Diagram for Book Bank System
22
4. Develop test cases for various white box and black box testing
techniques.
23
24
25
26
27
5. Preparation of Software Requirement Specification Document:
2.1 Users Characteristics:
Student: They are the people who desire to obtain the books and submit the information to
the database.
Librarian: He has the certain privileges to add the books and to approval of the reservation of
books.
System Modules:
Log in: Secure registration of student and librarian by filling online registration form.
Book bank: Book bank contains all the books. New book added to the book bank with
bookno, title name, author, edition, publisher name details to the database. Any book is
deleted if damaged. Update of the book information also done.
Operations: student and administrator perform their operations like add book, delete book,
update information, view book details are implemented in log in WebPages.
Non-functional requirements:
Privacy: privacy maintained for each and every user by providing user credentials username
and password.
Portability: installation on multiple platforms and execution of software.
3.Preparation of Software Configuration Management
Software Requirements:
Operating sytem: windows 7/10
Front end : J2EE
Back end : My SQL Server
IDE used : Netbeans
Hardware Requirements:
28
Processor:i3 or higher
RAM : 4 GB
Hard Disk drive: 500 GB
CASE Tool: STARUML

How to Install StarUML on Windows 10
StarUML is a UML (Unified Modeling Language) tool, introduce by MKLab. It is an open-source

modeling tool that supports the UML framework for system and software modeling. StarUML
is based on UML version 1.4, it provides 11 different types of diagram and it accepts UML 2.0
notation. Version 2.0 was released for beta testing under a property license.
StarUML is actively supporting the MDA (Model Driven Architecture). It approaches by

supporting the UML profile concept and allowing it to generate code for multiple languages. It
also provides a number of bug fixes and improved compatibility with the modern versions of
the Windows Operating System.
StarUML is mostly used by the Agile and small development teams, professional persons and
used by the educational institutes
Diagram Types in StarUML
1. Use Case Diagram
2. Class Diagram
3. Sequence Diagram
4. Collaboration Diagram
5. Statechart Diagram
29
6. Component Diagram
7. Deployment Diagram
8. Composite Structure Diagram
Features of StarUML
1. It supports multi-platform such as macOS, Windows, and Linux.
2. It involves UML 2.x.standard compliant.
3. Includes Entity-Relationship diagram (ERD), Data-flow diagram (DFD), and Flowchart

diagram.
4. It creates multiple windows.
5. It has modern UX and dark and light themes.
6. Featured with retina (High-DPI) display support.
7. Includes model-driven development.
8. It has open APIs.
9. Supports various third-party extensions.
10. Asynchronous model validation.
11. It can export to HTML docs.
Steps to Download and Install StarUML
Step 1: Go on the browser, type in the URL “StarUML”
Step 2: Click on the very first search “Download-StarUML”.

30
Step 3: There will be 3 Operating Systems (OS) options, click on the option as per the devise
OS.
Step 4: Now, right-click on the downloaded file, select “Show in Folder” option.
Step 5: Click on the open file, a popup window opens, click on the “Yes” button.
Step 6: Installation gets start. After installation popup opens to ask to buy a license. If you
want to click on the “Buy Now” button or else close that window. StarUML is ready to use.
7. Performing the Design by using any Design phase CASE tools
CASE Tool: StarUML
Use_Case Diagram:
The book bank use cases are:
1. book_issue
2. book_return
3. book_order
4. book_entry
5. search book_details
Actors Involved:
1. Student
2. Librarian
3. Vendor
31
Usecase Name : Search Book_Details
The librarian initiates this use case when any member returns or request the book and checking if the
book is available.
Precondition: The librarian should enter all Book details.

Normal Flow: Build message for librarian who search the book.
Post Condition: Send message to respective member who reserved the book.
Usecase Name : Book_Issue

Initiated by librarian when any member wants to borrow the desired book. If the book is available, the
book is issued.
Normal Flow: Selected book will be issued to the member.
Alternative Flow: If book is not available then reserved book use case should be initiate. Post
Condition: Update the catalogue.
Usecase Name : Book_Order

Initiated by librarian when the requested book is not available in the library at that moment. The book
is reserved for the future and issued to the person when it is available.
Precondition: Initiated only when book is not available.
Normal Flow: It reserved the book if requested.
Post Condition : Mention the entry in catalogue for reservation.
Usecase Name : Book_Return

Invoked by the librarian when a member returns the book.
Normal Flow: Librarian enters bookid and system checks for return date of the book. Alternative
Flow: System checks for return date and if it returned late fine message will be displayed.
32
Post Condition: Check the status of reservation.
33
Usecase Name : Book_Entry
The purchase book use-case when new books invoke it or magazines are added to the library.
Precondition: Not available or more copies are required.
Normal Flow: Enter bookid,author information, publication information, purchased date, prize and
number of copies.
Post Condition: Update the information in catalogue.
Figure 1. Usecase diagram for Book Bank System
Activity Diagram:
Activity diagrams are graphical representations of workflows of stepwise activities and actions with
support for choice, iteration and concurrency. In the Unified Modeling Language, activity diagrams
34
can be used to describe the business and operational step-by-step workflows of components in a
35
system. An activity diagram shows the overall flow of control. An activity is shown as an rounded
box containing the name of the operation.
This activity diagram describes the behaviour of the system.
Figure 2. Activity Diagram for Book Bank System [borrow book]
36
Figure 3. Activity Diagram for Book Bank System [order book]
37
Figure 4. Activity Diagram for Book Bank System [Return book]
Sequence Diagram:
A sequence diagram represents the sequence and interactions of a given USE-CASE or

scenario. Sequence diagrams can capture most of the information about the system. Most object to
object interactions and operations are considered events and events include signals, inputs, decisions,
interrupts, transitions and actions to or from users or external devices.
An event also is considered to be any action by an object that sends information. The event
line represents a message sent from one object to another, in which the “form” object is requesting an
operation be performed by the “to” object. The “to” object performs the operation using a method that
38
the class contains.
It is also represented by the order in which things occur and how the objects in the system
send message to one another.
39
Figure 5. Sequence Diagram For Book Issue & Return
Figure 6. Collaboration Diagram For Book Issue & Return
Class Diagram:
The class diagram, also referred to as object modeling is the main static analysis diagram. The main
task of object modeling is to graphically show what each object will do in the problem domain. The
problem domain describes the structure and the relationships among objects.
40
The ATM system class diagram consists of four classes:
1. Student
2. Book
3. Issue
4. Return
5. Vendor
6. Details
1) Student:
It consists of twelve attributes and three operations. The attributes are enrollno, name, DOB,
fathername, address, dept name, batch and book limits. The operations of this class are addStInfo(),
deleteStInfo(), modifyStInfo().
2) Book:
It consists of ten attributes and four operations. This class is used to keep book information such as
author, title, vendor, price, etc
3) Issue:
4) Return:
5) Students:
The attributes of this class are name, dept ,year ,bcode no The operation is display students().
6) Detail:
41
The attributes of this class are book name, author, bcode no The operations are delete details().
Figure 7. Class Diagram For Book Bank System State
Chart Diagram
It consists of state, events and activities. State diagrams are a familiar technique to describe the
behavior of a system. They describe all of the possible states that a particular object can get into and
how the object's state changes as a result of events that reach the object.
42
Figure 8. State Chart Diagram for BookBank System
Deployment Diagram and Component Diagram
Deployment diagrams are used to visualize the topology of the physical components of a system
where the software components are deployed.
Figure 9: Deployment Diagram for Book Bank System
9. Develop test cases for various white box and black box testing techniques.
43
44
45
46
47
1. Implement the data link layer framing methods such as character, character-stuffing
and bit stuffing
Write a C program to implement the data link layer framing methods
such as bit stuffing.
Source Code:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
int a[20],b[30],i,j,k,count,n;
clrscr();
printf("enter frame length:");
scanf("%d",&n);
pritf("enter input frame(0's&1's only):");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
i=0;count=1;j=0;
while(i<n)
{
if(a[i]==1)
{
b[j]=a[i];
for(k=i+1;a[k]==1&&k<n&&count<5;k ++)
{
j++;
b[j]=a[k];
count++;
if(count==5)
{
j++;
b[j]=0;
}
i=k;
}
}
else
{
b[j]=a[i];
}
i++;
j++;
}

printf("After stuffing the frame is:");
for(i=0;i<j;i++)
printf("%d",b[i]);
getch();
}
Output:
Enter the number of

bits: 10
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Data after stuffing: 10101111101
Write a C program to implement the data link layer framing method
such as character stuffing.
Program Code: //Program for Character Stuffing
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<process.h>
void main()
{
int i=0,j=0,n,pos;
char a[20],b[50],ch;
printf("Enter string\n");
scanf("%s",&a);
n=strlen(a);
printf("Enter position\n");
scanf("%d",&pos);
if(pos>n)
{
printf("invalid position, Enter again :");
scanf("%d",&pos);}
printf("Enter the character\n");
ch=getche();

b[0]='d';
b[1]='l';
b[2]='e';
b[3]='s';
b[4]='t';
b[5]='x';
j=6;
while(i<n)
{
if(i==pos-1)
{
b[j]='d';
b[j+1]='l';
b[j+2]='e';
b[j+3]=ch;
b[j+4]='d';
b[j+5]='l';
b[j+6]='e';
j=j+7;
}
if(a[i]=='d' && a[i+1]=='l' && a[i+2]=='e')
{
b[j]='d';
b[j+1]='l';
b[j+2]='e';
j=j+3;
}
b[j]=a[i];
i++;
j++;
}
b[j]='d';
b[j+1]='l';
b[j+2]='e';
b[j+3]='e';
b[j+4]='t';
b[j+5]='x';
b[j+6]='\0';
printf("\nframe after stuffing:\n");
printf("%s",b);
}
Program Output:
Enter string
MLRITM

Enter position
2
Enter the character
frame after stuffing:
dlestxMdldleLRITMdleetx

2. Write a program to compute CRC code for the polynomials CRC-12, CRC-16 and CRC
CCIP
// program for Cyclic Redundancy Check

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main(void)
{
int data[50],div[16],rem[16];
int datalen, divlen, i,j,k;
int ch;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the data: ");
i = 0;
while((ch = fgetc(stdin)) != '\n')
{
if(ch == '1')
data[i] = 1;
else
data[i] = 0;
i++;
}
datalen = i;
printf("\nEnter the divisor: ");
i = 0;
while((ch = fgetc(stdin)) != '\n')
{
if(ch == '1')
div[i] = 1;
else
div[i] = 0;
i++;
}
divlen = i;
for(i = datalen ; i < datalen + divlen - 1 ; i++)
data[i] = 0;
datalen = datalen + divlen - 1;
for(i = 0 ; i < divlen ; i++)
rem[i] = data[i];
k = divlen-1;
while(k < datalen)

if(rem[0] == 1)
{
for(i = 0 ; i < divlen ; i++)
rem[i] = rem[i] ^ div[i];
}
else
{
if(k == datalen-1)
break;
for(i = 0 ; i < divlen-1 ; i++)
{
rem[i] = rem[i+1];
printf("%d",rem[i]);
}
rem[i] = data[++k];
printf("%d\n",rem[i]);
}
j=1;
for(i = datalen - divlen + 1 ; i < datalen ; i++)
{
data[i] = rem[j++];
}
printf("\nThe data to be sent is\n");
for(i = 0 ; i < datalen ; i++)
printf("%d",data[i]);
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT:
Enter the data: 10101111 Enter the divisor: 1011
0011
0111
1111
1001
0100
1000
0110
The data to be sent is 10101111110

3. Develop a simple data link layer that performs the flow control using the sliding window
protocol, and loss recovery using the Go-Back-N mechanism
SLIDING WINDOW PROTOCOL,

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int windowsize,sent=0,ack,i;
printf("enter window size\n");
scanf("%d",&windowsize);
while(1)
{
for( i = 0; i < windowsize; i++)
{
printf("Frame %d has been transmitted.\n",sent);
sent++;
if(sent == windowsize)
break;
}
printf("\nPlease enter the last Acknowledgement received.\n");
scanf("%d",&ack);
if(ack == windowsize)
break;
else
sent = ack;
}
return 0;
}
output:-
Output
Enter window size: 3
Enter number of frames to transmit: 5
Enter 5 frames: 12 5 89 4 6
With sliding window protocol the frames will be sent in the following manner (assuming
no corruption of frames)
After sending 3 frames at each stage sender waits for acknowledgement sent by the
receiver
12 5 89
Acknowledgement of above frames sent is received by sender
46
Acknowledgement of above frames sent is received by sender

GO BACK N PROTOCOL
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int windowsize,sent=0,ack,i;
printf("enter window size\n");
scanf("%d",&windowsize);
while(1)
{
for( i = 0; i < windowsize; i++)
{
printf("Frame %d has been transmitted.\n",sent);
sent++;
if(sent == windowsize)
break;
}
printf("\nPlease enter the last Acknowledgement received.\n");
scanf("%d",&ack);
if(ack == windowsize)
break;
else
sent = ack;
}
return 0;
}
output:-
enter window size
8
Frame 0 has been transmitted.
Please enter the last Acknowledgement received.
2

Please enter the last Acknowledgement received.

8

4. Implement Dijsktra’s algorithm to compute the shortest path through a network
Write a C program to Implement Dijkstra’s Algorithm to compute the

shortest path through a given path.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#define INFINITY
#define MAX 10
void dijkstra(int G[MAX][MAX],int
n,int startnode);
int main()
{
int G[MAX][MAX],i,j,n,u; printf("Enter no. of vertices:");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\nEnter the adjacency matrix:\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
scanf("%d",&G[i][j]
);
printf("\nEnter the starting node:");
scanf("%d",&u);
dijkstra(G,n,u); return 0;
}
void dijkstra(int G[MAX][MAX],int n,int startnode)
{
int
cost[MAX][MAX],distance[MAX],pred
[MAX];
int visited[MAX],count,mindistance,nextnode,i,j;
//pred[] stores the predecessor of each node
//count gives the number of nodes seen so far
//create the cost matrix
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++) if(G[i][j]==0)
cost[i][j]=INFINITY; else
cost[i][j]=G[i][j];
//initialize pred[],distance[] and visited[]
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
distance[i]=cost[startnode][i];
pred[i]=startnode; visited[i]=0;
}
distance[startnode]=0;
visited[startnode]=1; count=1;

while(count<n-1)
{
mindistance=INFINITY;
//nextnode gives the node at
minimum distance for(i=0;i<n;i++)
if(distance[i]<mindistance&&!visited[i])
{
mindistance=dista
nce[i];
nextnode=i;
}
//check if a better path exists through
nextnode visited[nextnode]=1;
for(i=0;i<n;i++) if(!visited[i])
if(mindistance+cost[nextnode][i]<distance[i])
{
distance[i]=mindistance+cost[nextnode][i];
pred[i]=nextnode;
}
count++;
}
//print the path and distance of each node
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
if(i!=startnode)
{
printf("\nDistance of node%d=%d",i,distance[i]);
printf("\nPath=%d",i);
j=i;
do
{
j=pred[j];
printf("<-%d",j);
}while(j!=startnode);
}
}

5. Take an example subnet of hosts and obtain a broadcast tree for the subnet.
#include<stdio.h>
int a[10][10],n;
main()
{
int i,j,root; clrscr();
printf("Enter no.of nodes:");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter adjacent matrix\n");
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
{
printf("Enter connecting of %d>%d::",i,j);
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
printf("Enter root node:"); scanf("%d",&root);
adj(root);
}
adj(int k)
{
int i,j;
printf("Adjacent node of root node::\n");
printf("%d\n",k);
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
{
if(a[k][j]==1 || a[j][k]==1) printf("%d\t",j);
}
printf("\n"); for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
if((a[k][j]==0) && (a[i][k]==0) && (i!=k))
printf("%d",i);
}
} OUTPUT:
Enter no.of nodes: 5 Enter adjacent matrix
Enter connecting of 1–>1::0 Enter connecting of 1–>2::1 Enter connecting of 1–>3::1
Enter connecting of 5–>2::0
Enter root node:2
Adjacent node of root node:
2
134
5

6. Implement distance vector routing algorithm for obtaining routing tables at each node.
#include<stdio.h>
struct node
{
unsigned dist[20];
unsigned from[20];
}rt[10];
int main()
{
int dmat[20][20];
int n,i,j,k,count=0;
printf("\nEnter the number of nodes : ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\nEnter the cost matrix :\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&dmat[i][j]);
dmat[i][i]=0;
rt[i].dist[j]=dmat[i][j];
rt[i].from[j]=j;
}
do
{
count=0;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
for(k=0;k<n;k++)
if(rt[i].dist[j]>dmat[i][k]+rt[k].dist[j])
{
rt[i].dist[j]=rt[i].dist[k]+rt[k].dist[j];
rt[i].from[j]=k;
count++;
}
}while(count!=0);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\n\nState value for router %d is \n",i+1);
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
printf("\t\nnode %d via %d Distance%d",j+1,rt[i].from[j]+1,rt[i].dist[j]);
}
}
printf("\n\n");
}

OUTPUT:
[cseb332@Insat5E ~]$ cc dst.c
[cseb332@Insat5E ~]$ ./a.out
Enter the number of nodes : 4

Enter the cost matrix:
0 3 5 99
3 0 99 1
5402
99 1 2 0
State value for router 1 is
node 1 via 1 Distance0

7. Implement data encryption and data decryption
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
int p10[]={3,5,2,7,4,10,1,9,8,6},
p8[]={6,3,7,4,8,5,10,9},
p4[]={2,4,3,1};
int ip[]={2,6,3,1,4,8,5,7},
ipinv[]={4,1,3,5,7,2,8,6},
ep[]={4,1,2,3,2,3,4,1};
int s0[][4]={{1,0,3,2,},{3,2,1,0},{0,2,1,3,},{3,1,3,2}};
int s1[][4]={{0,1,2,3},{2,0,1,3},{3,0,1,0},{2,1,0,3}};
void permute(char op[],char
ip[],int p[], int n){ int i;
for(i=0;i<n;i++) op[i]=ip[p[i]-1]; op[i]='\0';
}
void circularls(char pr[],int n){ int i;
char ch=pr[0]; for(i=0;i<n-1;i++) pr[i]=pr[i+1]; pr[i]=ch;
}
void keygen(char k1[],char k2[],char key[]){ char keytemp[11];
permute(keytemp,key,p10,10;
circularls(keytemp,5);
circularls(keytemp+5,5);
permute(k1,keytemp,p8,8);
permute(k2,keytemp,p8,8);
}
void xor(char op[],char ip[]){ int i;
for(i=0;i<strlen(op)&&i<str
len(ip);i++) op[i]=(op[i]-
'0')^(ip[i]-'0')+'0';
}
void sbox(char op[],char ip[],int s[][4]) { int value;
value=s[(ip[0]-'0')*2+(ip[3]-'0')][(ip[1]-'0')*2+(ip[2]-'0')];
op[0]=value/2+'0'; op[1]=value%2+'0'; op[2]='\0';
}
void fk(char op[],char ip[],char k[])
{
char l[5],r[5],tmp[9],tmp1[9],tmp2[9]; strncpy(l,ip,4);
l[4]='\0';
strncpy(r,ip+4,4); r[4]='\0';

permute(tmp,r,ep,8); xor(tmp,k);
sbox(tmp1,tmp,s0); sbox(tmp2,tmp+4,s1); strcat(tmp1,tmp2); permute(tmp,tmp1,p4,4);
xor(tmp,l);
strcat(tmp,r); strcpy(op,tmp);
}
void sw(char pr[]) { char tmp[9]; strncpy(tmp,pr+4,4); strncpy(tmp+4,pr,4); tmp[8]='\0';
strcpy(pr,tmp);
}
void main()
{
char key[11],k1[9],k2[9],plain[9],cipher[9],tmp[9]; clrscr();
printf("enter 10 bit key:"); gets(key);
if(strlen(key)!=10) printf("invalid key length !!"); else
{
keygen(k1,k2,key); printf("sub key k1::"); puts(k1); printf("subkey k2::"); puts(k2);
printf("enter 8 bit plain text:"); gets(plain);
if(strlen(plain)!=8) printf("invalid length plain text !!"); permute(tmp,plain,ip,8);
fk(cipher,tmp,k1); sw(cipher); fk(tmp,cipher,k2); permute(cipher,tmp,ipinv,8);
printf("cipher teaxt is::"); puts(cipher);
/* decryption process*/ permute(tmp,cipher,ip,8); fk(plain,tmp,k2); sw(plain);
fk(tmp,plain,k1); permute(plain,tmp,ipinv,8); printf("decrypted text is::"); puts(plain);
}
getch();
}
OUTPUT:
Enter 10 bit key: 1456987203 Sub key k1::17062538
Sub keyk2::25893401
Enter 8 bit plain text: computer Cipher text is::epfnmrct
Decrypted text is::computer
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St.

COURSE NAME : SOFTWARE ENGINEERING & COMPUTER NETWORKS LAB

COURSE CODE: IT504PC

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

S.NO NAME OF PROGRAM

1 Vision and Mission of Institution and Department

2 COs, POs, PSOs & PEOs

6 Contents beyond Syllabus

Vision and Mission of the Department and Institute

To become an institute of excellence by creating high quality and

To instill moral values and promote technological, intellectual and

To evolve the department of computer science and engineering as a

M1: To produce competitive graduates having creative skills and

M3: To analyze, design and develop high quality software systems

Dept. of IT CS506PC: SE & CN LAB

COs, POs, PSOs & PEOs

S. NO. Course Objectives

1 To install and run the Python interpreter

2 To learn control structures

To Understand Lists, Dictionaries in python

Dept. of IT CS506PC: SE & CN LAB

S. NO. Course Outcomes BTL

CO1 Develop the application specific codes using python. L3

CO2 Understand Strings, Lists, Tuples and Dictionaries in Python L1

CO5 To be able to work with different network tools L5

Dept. of IT CS506PC: SE & CN LAB

S. Program Outcomes Level Expertise a

Engineering knowledge: Apply the

Problem analysis: Identify, formulate,

Design/development of solutions: Design

Conduct investigations of complex

Dept. of IT CS506PC: SE & CN LAB

Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply

The engineer and society: Apply reasoning

Environment and sustainability:

Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit

Individual and team work: Function

Communication: Communicate effectively

Dept. of IT CS506PC: SE & CN LAB

documentation, make effective presentations,

Project management and finance:

Life-long learning: Recognize the need for,

1- None 2- Supportive 3- Highly Related

Dept. of IT CS506PC: SE & CN LAB

PEO No. Program Educational Objectives

To apply engineering processes and practices to software and hardware systems

Ability to understand and analyze engineering issues in a broader prospective

PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES

S. No. Program Specific Outcomes Level Expertise & assessed by

Proficiency skill: Potential to understand,

Analytical skills: Capability to apply

Successful Career and

1- None 2- Supportive 3- Highly Related

Dept. of IT CS506PC: SE & CN LAB

1. To install and run the Python interpreter

Computer Networks List of Experiments:

2. Preparation of Software Requirement Specification Document:

Portability: installation on multiple platforms and execution of software.

3. Preparation of Software Configuration Management