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28 views3 pages

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12345

Uploaded by

sarup140509
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System Information

1. uname -a: Displays detailed information about the system (kernel version, hostname,
etc.).
2. hostnamectl: Shows or sets the system's hostname and related settings.
3. uptime: Shows how long the system has been running and the load average.
4. top: Displays real-time information about running processes and system resource usage.
5. htop: An improved, interactive version of top.

File and Directory Operations

6. ls: Lists directory contents.


7. cd: Changes the current directory.
8. cp: Copies files or directories.
9. mv: Moves or renames files or directories.
10. rm: Removes files or directories.
11. mkdir: Creates a new directory.
12. rmdir: Removes an empty directory.
13. find: Searches for files in a directory hierarchy.
14. locate: Finds files by name.
15. du: Estimates file space usage.
16. df: Reports file system disk space usage.
17. touch: Changes file timestamps or creates an empty file.
18. chmod: Changes file mode (permissions).
19. chown: Changes file owner and group.

User and Group Management

20. adduser / useradd: Creates a new user.


21. deluser / userdel: Deletes a user.
22. usermod: Modifies a user account.
23. passwd: Changes user password.
24. groupadd: Creates a new group.
25. groupdel: Deletes a group.
26. groupmod: Modifies a group.
Process Management

27. ps: Reports a snapshot of current processes.


28. kill: Sends a signal to a process (often used to terminate a process).
29. killall: Kills processes by name.
30. pkill: Kills processes based on a pattern.
31. systemctl: Manages systemd services.
32. service: Manages system services (legacy).

Networking

33. ip: Shows/manages IP addresses and routing.


34. ifconfig: Configures network interfaces (deprecated, replaced by ip).
35. ping: Sends ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts.
36. netstat: Displays network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, etc.
(deprecated, replaced by ss).
37. ss: Utility to investigate sockets.
38. traceroute: Prints the route packets take to the network host.
39. nslookup: Queries DNS servers (deprecated, use dig).
40. dig: DNS lookup utility.
41. curl: Transfers data from or to a server.
42. wget: Non-interactive network downloader.

Disk Management

43. fdisk: Partition table manipulator for Linux.


44. parted: A partition manipulation program.
45. mkfs: Builds a Linux file system.
46. mount: Mounts a file system.
47. umount: Unmounts a file system.
48. fsck: Checks and repairs a Linux file system.
49. blkid: Looks up or lists block device attributes.

Package Management

50. apt-get / apt: APT package handling utility (Debian/Ubuntu).


51. yum / dnf: Package manager for RPM-based distributions (CentOS, Fedora).
52. zypper: Command line interface of ZYpp package manager (openSUSE).

Log Management

53. tail: Outputs the last part of files.


54. less: Views file contents interactively.
55. journalctl: Views logs collected by systemd.
Security

56. iptables: Administers IP packet filter rules.


57. ufw: Uncomplicated firewall, frontend for iptables (Ubuntu).
58. firewalld: Dynamic firewall manager (RHEL/CentOS).

System Monitoring and Performance

59. iostat: Reports CPU and I/O statistics.


60. vmstat: Reports virtual memory statistics.
61. free: Displays memory usage.

Miscellaneous

62. cron: Schedules tasks to run at intervals.


63. at: Schedules commands to run at a particular time.
64. echo: Displays a line of text.
65. alias: Creates an alias for a command.
66. grep: Searches text using patterns.
67. awk: A pattern scanning and processing language.
68. sed: Stream editor for filtering and transforming text.

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