Circumference and Area of a Circle

1 Work out the circumference of each circle.

a. b. c.

6 cm 5 cm
9 cm

2 Work out the circumference of this circle.

4 cm

3 Work out the perimeter of this semicircle.

12 cm

4 Work out the area of these circles.

a. b. c.
1 cm
4 cm
6 cm

5 Work out the area of this circle.

6 cm

Dr. Albert Thaw 1|Page

6 Work out the area of this semicircle.

5 cm
7 Work out the area of each side. Round your answers to 3 significant figures.
a. radius = 2 cm b. radius = 3.75 m

c. diameter = 28 cm d. diameter = 3.2 m

8 Dipti and Gabir work out the answer to this question.

Question Work out the area of a circle with diameter 2.4 cm.
Dipti Gabir
2
Answer: Area = 𝜋𝑟 Answer: Area = 𝜋𝑑
𝑟 2 = 2.42 = 5.76 𝑑 = 2.4
Area = 𝜋 × 5.76 = 18.095 … Area = 𝜋 × 2.4 = 7.5398 …
Area = 18.1 cm2 (3 s.f.) Area = 7.54 cm2 (3 s.f.)
a. Critique their solutions. Explain any mistakes they have made.
Dipti uses the diameter, instead of radius.
Gabir uses the wrong formula.

b. Write a full worked solution to show the correct way of answering the question.

A = pi r^2 = 4.52

9 For each circle, work out the area and the circumference. Give your answers correct to one
decimal place (1 d.p.).
a. radius = 2.7 cm b. diameter = 45 mm radius = 22.5 mm

Area = 22.9 Area = 1590.4

Circumference = 17.0 (1dp) Circumference = 141.4
17 (whole number)

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10 For each semicircle, work out the area and the perimeter. Give your answers correct to one
decimal place (1 d.p.).
a. radius = 8.5 cm pi x r b. radius = 24 mm

Area = 113.5 Area = 904.8

Perimeter = 123.4
2r
Perimeter = 43.7

2xr

c. diameter = 32 cm (radius = 16 cm) d. diameter = 15 m (radius = 7.5 cm)

Area = 402.1 Area = 88.4
Perimeter = 82.3 Perimeter = 38.6

11 A circular coin has circumference 8.7 cm. Work out the radius of the coin. Give your anwer
correct to the nearest millimetre. C = 2nr
1 cm = 10 mm r = C/2n = 8.7/(2xn) = 1.384 cm
= 13.84 mm => 14 mm
12 A ciruclar floor has an area of 45.3 m2. Work out the diameter of the floor. Give your answer
correct to the nearest centimetre. Area = n r^2
1 m = 100 cm r^2 = Area/pi
r = ,/(area/pi) = 3.80 m
diameter = radius x 2 => 7.6 m => 760 cm
13 A circular badge has acircumference of 18.5 cm. Work out the area of the badge. Give your
answer correct to the nearest millimetre.
C=2nr A = n r^2
r = C/(2n) = 18.5/(2n) = 2.944 cm => 29.44 mm = 2723 mm^2

14 You can write the area and circumference of a circle in therms of 𝜋 as shown:
When radius, 𝑟 = 5 cm:
area = 𝜋𝑟 2 = 𝜋 × 52 = 25𝜋 cm2
circumference = 2𝜋𝑟 = 2 × 𝜋 × 5 = 10𝜋 cm
Write the area and circumference of these circles in terms of 𝜋.
a. radius = 3 cm b. radius = 7 m c. diameter = 20 mm

Area = nr^2 = n(3)^2 = 9n 49n 100 n

C = 2 n r = 2 n x 3 = 6n 14n 20n

Dr. Albert Thaw 3|Page

1 tonnes => 1000 kg Measurement
larger => smaller value => 10^positive length => metre
smaller => larger value => 10^negative mass => grams/tonne
Large and Small Units time => seconds
capacity => litre
1 Complete these conversions.

100 metres
a. 1 hectometre = ………… 1000
b. 1 kilogram = ………… grams

10^6 10^9
c. 1 megatonne = ………… tonnes d. 1 gigalitre = ………… litres

2 Complete these conversions.

0.01
a. 1 centimetre = ………… metres OR 100
1 metre = ………… centimetres

1000
b. 1 kilogram = ………… grams OR 1000 milligrams
1 gram = …………
10^-6
c. 1 microlitre = ………… litres OR 10^6 microlitres
1 litre = …………

d. 1 nanometre = 10^-9
………… metres OR 10^9
1 metre = ………… nanometres

3 Write these capacities in order of size, starting with the smallest.

3 centilitres 3 litres 3 teralitres 3 millilitres 3 nanolitres
3 4 5 2 1

4 Write these capacities in order of size, starting with the smallest.

9 gigagrams 9 grams 9 milligrams 9 kilograms 9 micrograms
5 3 2 4 1

5 Complete these converstions.

a. 17.2 km to m 17 200 m -----Prefix-----
x 10^3 Tera => 10^12
x 1000
90 L Giga => 10^9
b. 0.9 hL to L
x 100 Mega => 10^6

c. 1.5 Gg to g 1 500 000 000 g kilo => 10^3

x 10^9 hecto => 10^2
deca (da) => 10^1
==============
5 Complete these converstions. deci => 10^-1
a. 760 cm to m 7.6 m centi => 10^-2
x 10^-2 milli => 10^-3
x 0.01
b. 43 000 mL to L 43 L micro => 10^-6
x 0.001 (u)
nano => 10^-9
c. 900 000 μg to g 0.9 g
x 10^-6

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6 The tble shows the approximate distances from the Sun to some planets. Complete the table.
From the Sun to Distance in … Distance in …

Venus 47 900 000 m 47.9

……………… Mm 10^6
47.9 x 10^6 m

Earth 108 000 000 m 108

……………… Mm
x 10^6
Jupiter 228 000 000 m 0.228
……………… Gm
10^9
Uranus 1 400 000 000 m 1.4
……………… Gm
10^9
M (mega) = 10^6
Neptune 2 900 000 000 m 2.9
……………… Gm G (giga) = 10^9
u (micro) 10^-6
n (nano) 10^-9
7 Match the correct values from the two columns.
A Dust mite 0.000 2 m i 100 nm 0.000 000 100
B Bacterium 0.000 002 m ii 20 μm 20 x 10^-6 => 0.000 02

C Virus 0.000 000 1 m iii 200 μm 200 x 10^-6 => 0.000 2

D Animal cell 0.000 02 m iv 100 μm
E Plant cell 0.000 1 m v 2 μm 2 x 10^-6 => 0.000 002

8 The letter ly are used to represent a light year.

1 ly ≈ 9.46 × 1015
The table shows the approximate distance, in light years, of four stars from the Earth.
Complete the table. Round your answers correct to three significant figures.
Name of star Distance in ly Distance in m

Wolf 359 7.78 7.36 × 1016

Ross 154 9.68 9.16 x 10^16

YZ Ceti 12.13 1.15 x 10^17

Gliese 832 16.08 1.52 x 10^17

x 10^6 x 10^6
9 A supertanker has a mass of 509.5 Mt when full and a mass of 69.6 Mt when empty. When the
supertanker is full, it holds 3 166 353 barrels of oil. Work out the mass, in kilograms, of one
barrel of oil. Give your answer to the nearest whole number.
Oil in supertanker => 509.5 - 69.6 => 439.9 Mt 1 tonnes => 1000 kg
1 Mtonnes => 10^6 tonnes
3166 353 barrels => 439.9 Mt => 10^9 kg
1 barrel => 439.9 x 10^9/ 3166353 = 138930 kg

138.930
139 tonnes

Dr. Albert Thaw 5|Page

Mutually Exclusive Events outcomes cannot be the same simultanuously
Probability = no of favorable outcomes/no of possible outcomes
1 There are 12 balls in a bag. Each ballhas a number. Here are the numbers:
1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 5 8 8 9
A ball is chosen at random. Find the probability that the number is
a. 1 b. not 1
P (getting 1) = 4/12 = 1/3 P (not getting 1) = 2/3
c. more than 6 d. an even number
P (more than 6) = 1/4 P (even number) = 5/12
e. an odd number.
P (odd number) = 7/12 Total probability all event = 1 or 100%
2 A runner is in a race. The probability that he will win is 0.1. The probability that he will come
second is 0.25. The probability that he will come third is 0.45. 1st => 0.1
Work out the probability that he will 2nd => 0.25 0.8
a. come first or second sum rule/or rule b. not be in the first three. 3rd => 0.45
P (1st or 2nd) => 0.35 P (not in the first three) = 1-0.8 = 0.2
3 The temperature at midday tomorrow will be higher, lower or the same as the temperature at
midday today. The probability that the temperature will be higher is 15%. The probability that
h =>15%
the temperature will be lower is 65%. Work out the probability that the temperature will
a. not be higher b. not be lower c. be the same. l => 65%
100-15 => 85% 100-65 => 35% 20% s => 20%
4 There are 50 cars in a car park. 15 cars are silver, 8 cars are white and 9 cars are black. A car
is chosen at random. Work out the probability that the car is
a. black or white 17 b. not silver 35/50 c. neither silver nor black. 50-24 = 26
---- 26/50 => 13/25
50 7/10
5 There are 5 colours on a spinner. This table shows the probabilities of landig on different
colours.
Colour blue green yellow orange Red
Probability 0.35 0.1 0.25 x = 0.15 x = 0.15
a. Find the probability of landing on
i green or blue 0.45 ii not blue 1-0.35 = 0.65
+

b. Orange and red are equally likely. Find the probability of not landing on red.
0.7 + 2x = 1 P (not landing on red) = 1 - P (landing on red) = 1 - 0.15 = 0.85
x = 0.15

6 There are 12 coloured counters in a bag. The counters are black, white or grey. B, W, G
3
A counter is chosen at random. The probability that the counter is not black is 4. The
2
probability that the counter is not white is 3. Work out the probability that the counter is grey.
P (black) = 1/4, Black => 3
P (white) = 1/3, White => 4
Grey => 12 - (3 + 4) = 5
P (grey) = 5/12

Dr. Albert Thaw 6|Page

7 Ten letters are written on cards.

A card is chosen at random. Work out the probability that the letter is in the word
a. ADDITION b. SUBTRACTION
4 9/10
--- = 2/5 = 40% = 0.4
10
8 There are 100 tickets, numbered from 1 to 100, in a box. One ticket is chosen at random. Find
the probability that the ticket
a. is the number 37 1/100 b. is not 99 or 100 49/50

c. is an odd number 1/2 d. is not a multiple of 20 20, 40, 60, 80, 100
19/20

e. is not a multiple of 9 9, 18, 27, ..., 99 f. does not contain the digit 6 81/100
11 cards
89/100

9 Zara rolls two fair dice and adds the scores. Here are two events.
T = the total is a multiple of 3 F = the total is a multiple of 5
1 7
P(T) = 3 and P(F) = 36
cannot occur simultanuously
a. Show that the events T and F are mutually exclusive.
T => 3, 6, 9, 12
F => 5, 10
They are mutually exclusive because they cannot happen simultanuosly.
b. Find the probability that
i T or F happens P (T) + P (F) = 1/3 + 7/36 => 12/36 + 7/36 => 19/36
+

ii T does not happen 1 - P(T) = 2/3

iii neither T nor F happens. 1 - P(T or F happens) => 17/36

10 There are 25 balls in a box, numbered from 1 to 25. A ball is chosen at random.
a. Find the probability that the number is
i an odd number ii an even number iii not a multiple of 7.
13 12 22
--- --- ---
25 25 25

b. Marcus says:
8 5
“P(multiple of 3) = 25 and P(multiple of 5) = 25, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24
8 5 13
5, 10, 15, 20, 25
so P(multiple of 3 or multiple of 5) = 25 + 25 = 25.”
What mistake has Marcus made?
They are not mutually exclusive events, because 15 is both a multiple of 3 or
a multiple of 5.

Dr. Albert Thaw 7|Page

 Condition
Independent Events
1 There are 8 balls in a bag. Four balls are white and numbered 1 to 4. Four balls are black and
numbered 1 to 4. A ball is chosen at random.
a. Find the probability that the ball is 1 2 3 4
i white and 4 1/8 ii white 1/2 iii 4 1 2 3 4
2/8 = 1/4
b. The ball is white. What is the probability that it is 4?
1/4

c. The ball is black. What is the probability that it is 4?

1/4

d. Event R is ‘the ball is white’. Event F is ‘the ball is 4’.

Explain why these events are independent.
Although the color of ball is changed, the propabability to get 4 does not change.
2 a. You roll a fair dice. Work out the probability that the number you get is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
i less than 4 3/6 ii more than 2 4/6 iii a multiple of 3. 2/6
1/2 2/3 1/3
2, 4, 6
b. You roll a fair dice and get an even number. Work out the probability that the number is
i less than 4 1/3 ii more than 2 2/3 iii a multiple of 3. 1/3

c. Show that getting an even number and getting a multiple of 3 are independent events.

3 You roll a fair dice three times. You get a 2 each time.
Which of these statements is correct? Give a reason for your answer.
1
A The probability of a 2 next time is more than 6
1
B The probability of a 2 next time is less than 6
1
C The probability of a 2 next time is 6

4 The names of 3 boys and 3 girls are put in a hat. One name is chosen at random. The name is
not replaced in the hat. Then a second name is chosen at random.
Event A is the first person is a girl. 3/6 = 1/2
Event B is the second person is a girl. 2/5
a. Show that the two events are not independent.
P (event A) = 1/2
P (event B) = 2/5

b. Suppose the first name is replaced before the second name is taken.
Are the events independent this time? Give a reason for your answer.
They are independent because the probability for getting a girl's name does not change.

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5 In a bag, there are 8 cards with the letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H.
One card is chosen at random.
a. The letter is in the word FACE. FACE
What is the probability that the letter is in the word BACH? 2/4

b. The letter is not in the word FACE. B D G H

What is the probability that the letter is in the word BACH? 2/4

c. Explain why being in the word FACE and being in the word BACH are independent events.
The probability does not change.

d. Show that being in the word FACE and in the word EACH are not independent events.

3/4 =/= 1/4

6 A black fair dice and a white fair dice are rolled. Here are three events.
X: The black dice is 6
Y: The two dice have the same number
Z: the total is 12
a. Show that X and Y are independent events.

If black dice is 6, and getting the same number => 1/6

If black dice is not 6, and getting the same number => 5/30 => 1/6
They are independent events.
b. Show that X and Z are not independent events.
If black dice is 6, getting 12 => 1/6
If black dice is not 6, getting 12 => 0
They are not independent events.

7 There are 6 red socks, 4 blue socks and 2 yellow socks in a drawer. One sock is taken out at
random and it is red. It is not replaced. Then a second sock is taken out at random.
a. Work out the probability that the second sock is 11
i red 5/11 ii blue 4/11 iii yellow. 2/11 R=>5
B=>4
Y=>2

The second sock is red. It is not replaced. Then a third sock is taken out at random. 10
b. Find the probability that all 3 socks are the same colour. R=>4
B=>4
4/10 => 2/5 Y=>2

Dr. Albert Thaw Favorable outcome (count) OR rule (add) 9|Page

--------------------------------------- 1-P
Total possible number (count)
 AND rule (multiply)

Combined Events OR rule (sum)

AND rule (multiply)
1 Arun and Sofia are each playing a tennis match. The probability that
Arun wins his match is 0.4. The probability that Sofia wins her match is 0.8.
Find the probability that
a. they both win Arun wins and Sofia wins b. Arun loses 1 - 0.4 => 0.6
0.4 x 0.8 => 0.32

c. Sofia loses 1 - 0.8 => 0.2 d. they both lose. Arun loses and Sofia loses
0.6 x 0.2 => 0.12

2 Marcus rolls a fair dice twice. Work out the probability that
a. the first roll is 6 1/6 b. both rolls are 6 1/36

c. the first roll is not 6 5/6 d. neither roll is 6. 25/36

3 Zara is taking a driving test. The test is in two parts: a theory test and a practical test.
P(Zara passes theory test) = 0.7 and P(Zara passes practical test) = 0.6.
Work out the probability that Zara
a. passes both tests b. fails the theory test 1 - 0.7 => 0.3
pass theory "and" practical 0.7 x 0.6
= 0.42
c. fails the theory test and passes the practical test.
0.3 x 0.6 => 0.18

1
4 A spinner has three colours, red, white and blue. P(red) = 18 and P(white) = 4. blue = 5/8
1/8
The spinner is spun twice. Find the probability of landing on
a. red both times b. white then red c. red then white
red AND red = (1/8) x (1x8) 1/4 x 1/8 = 1/32 1/8 x 1/4 => 1/32
= 1/64
d. white then blue e. blue both times.
blue AND blue => 5/8 x 5/8 => 25/64
1/4 x 5/8 => 5/32
5 There are two trains. The probability that the first train is late is 0.25.
The probability that the second train is late is 0.4.
a. Write in the probabilities in the tree diagram..

First Second Outcome

0.4 late late, late 0.25 x 0.4 => 0.1
0.25 late
0.6 not late late, not late

0.75 0.4 late not late, late

not late
0.6 not late not late, not late 0.75 x 0.6 => 0.45
b. Find the probability that
i both trains are late ii neither train is late iii at least one train is on time.
0.1 0.45 1 - 0.1 => 0.9

Dr. Albert Thaw 10 | P a g e

6 There are two boxes of red and blue pencils. A pencil is taken at random from each box.
The probability of choosing a red pencil from the first box is 0.6.
The probability of choosing a red pencil from the second box is 0.35.
a. Write in the probabilities in the tree diagram.
First Second Outcome
0.35 red red, red
0.6 red
0.65 blue red, blue

0.35 red blue, red

0.4 blue
0.65 blue blue, blue

b. Find the probability of choosing

i two red pencils 0.6 x 0.35 ii no red pencils 0.4 x 0.65
=> 0.21 => 0.26

iii a red pencil from the second box but not from the first.
0.4 x 0.35 => 0.14

7 Here are two spinners. Each sector on a spinner is equally likely.

Each spinner is spun once. You are interested in whether the numbers are odd or even.

a. Write in the probabilities in the tree diagram.

First Second Outcome
3/4 odd odd, odd
2/3 odd
1/4 even odd, even 2/3 x 1/4 => 2/12
OR
3/4 odd even, odd 1/3 x 3/4 => 3/12
1/3 even
1/4 even even, even

b. Find the probability of

i two odd numbers ii two even numbers 1/3 x 1/4 => 1/12
odd and odd => 2/3 x 3/4 => 1/2

iii at least one odd number iv one odd and one even number
1 - 1/12 => 11/12 2/12 + 3/12 => 5/12

Dr. Albert Thaw 11 | P a g e

8 This spinner can show T or F. The spinner is spun twice.

a. Draw a tree diagram to show the outcomes.

b. Find the probability of the spinner showing

i T both times ii T at least once.

9 The probability that Arun passes a science exam is 0.8. A fail => 0.2
The probability that Sofia passes a history exam is 0.95. S fail => 0.05
Work out the probability that one of them passes and the other fails. Show your method.

A pass and S fail S pass and A fail 0-1

OR AND (multiplication)
OR (sum)

0.8 x 0.05 + 0.95 x 0.2

= 0.04 + 0.19

= 0.23

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 range = largest - smallest (variation) 1, 2, 2, 3, 4
mean = total value/ total count => 2.4
median = 2
mode = 2
Calculating Statistics for Grouped Data
1 The table shows the times taken by the 31 students in class 9 to complete a cross-country run.
Time, 𝒕 (minutes) Frequenc midpoint
y
10 ≤ 𝑡 < 12 7 11
12 ≤ 𝑡 < 14 12 13
14 ≤ 𝑡 < 16 10 15
7 students
16 ≤ 𝑡 < 18 2 17
12 students
a. Write down
i the modal class interval 12 <= t < 14
mode

ii the class interval where the median lies. 12 <= t < 14

16th student
b. Work out an estimate for the range. 8 minutes

c. Find an estimate of the mean. Give your answer correct to the nearest minute.
total amount / total frequency
= [(11x7)+(13x12)+(15x10)+(17x2)]/31 = 13 minutes
2 The table shows the heights of 20 pear trees.2
median => 20/2 => 10 and 11
Height, 𝒉 (cm) Frequency midpoint
a 250 ≤ ℎ < 270 4 4 260 260 x 4 = 1040
b 270 ≤ ℎ < 290 5 9 280 280 x 5 = 1400
c 290 ≤ ℎ < 310 8 17 300 300 x 8 = 2400
d 310 ≤ ℎ < 330 3 320 320 x 3 = 960
5800
a. Write
i the modal class interval 290<h<310
a, a, a, a, b, b, b, b, b, c,
ii the class interval where the median lies.
c, c, c, c, c, c, c, d, d, d
290<h<310
b. Work out an estimate for the range. 80

c. Find an estimate of the mean. Give your answer correct to the nearest minute.
mean => 5800/20 => 290

Dr. Albert Thaw 13 | P a g e

3 The table shows the ages of the competitiors in a marathon.
Number of men Age, 𝒂 (years) Number of women
54 54 20 ≤ 𝑎 < 30 25 34 34
74 20 30 ≤ 𝑎 < 40 35 35 69
5940/150 ** 38 40 ≤ 𝑎 < 50 45 17 ** 5950/140
29 50 ≤ 𝑎 < 60 55 40
9 60 ≤ 𝑎 < 70 65 14
150 (75, 76) 140 (70, 71)
a. How many men and how many women ran in marathon?
highest freq.
b. Complete this table.
Class interval where Estimate of
Modal class interval
the median lies mean
Men 20 < a < 30 40 < a < 50 39.6
Women 50 < a < 60 40 < a < 50 42.5
c. Compare and comment on the average age of the competitiors in the marathon.

d. On average, who are the younger competitors, the men or the women? Explain your answer.
Men are younger competitors.
4 The show the mass of 20 penguin chicks after hatching and at least 8 weeks old.

Show that the mean mass of the chicks at eight weeks old is more than 30 times the mean mass
of the chicks after hatching.

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