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Separating and Throttling App

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manoj kumar
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23 views

Separating and Throttling App

Uploaded by

manoj kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

INSTRUCTION MANUAL
FOR
SEPARATING & THROTTLING STEAM
CALORIMETER WITH BOILER
APPARATUS

Manufactured by:

ROORKEE EQUIPMENT & MODELS PVT LTD


Factory : C-18 Ram Nagar Industrial Area, Ram Nagar
Roorkee Distt-Haridwar,
2

Roorkee-247 667.
Email: [email protected] , [email protected]
Website: www.rempvtltd.com

Manufactured by:

Aim: To find dryness fraction of steam by separating calorimeter.

Apparatus: a) Steam Generator.


b) Separating calorimeter
c) Pressure Gauge
Specification
Steam generator: 16 kg/cm2
Temperature range 0-200 oc
Pressure inlet 0-4 bar
Pressure outlet 0-4 bar

Theory:

The separating calorimeter is a vessel used initially to separate some of the moisture
from the steam, to ensure superheat conditions after throttling. The steam is made to
change direction suddenly; the moisture droplets, being heavier than the vapor, drop out
of suspension and are collected at the bottom of the vessel.
3

Steam generator separating calorimeter: In separating calorimeter are used. The steam
passing from a calorimeter may be steam containing some water particle in it. This
method is basically for a wet steam. In this case it is necessary to dry the steam partially
before throttling. This is done by passing the steam sample from the main through a
operating calorimeter. In separating calorimeter the steam is made to change its
direction suddenly & water as heavy then steam separate out there due to inertia. The
quantity of water separate out is measured, then the steam is passed through the
throttling calorimeter.

Calculation for estimation of dryness friction ( Direct Calculation)

Mass of water collected in the inner chamber of the separating calorimeter (i.e. mass of
water separated in the separating calorimeter = m (say), kg

Mass of condensate collected in the container provided at the bottom of throttling


calorimeter (i.e. mass of steam coming from separating calorimeter into throttling
calorimeter through throttling valve) = M (say),kg

Dryness Fraction = Mass of dry steam


Mass of mixture

Therefore, X1 =

Hence, Enthalpy after throttling = Enthalpy before throttling

Drawback

We cannot use this method for finding out the dryness fraction of very wet steam
because the required 5°C superheated steam after throttling cannot be achieved with
the very wet steam.

Since steam not saturated such that


4

Where,

hf1 is enthalpy of saturated water at p1 (from steam tables) , kJ/kg.

hfg1 is Latent heat of vaporization at p1 (from steam tables),kJ/kg

Cp is the specific heat 2.0 kJ/kg.oC for Steam or Vapor.

hsup,C is enthalpy of a throttled superheated steam corresponding to pressure p2 and


temperature tsup,C (from superheated steam table),kJ/kg .

Procedure:

1. Start the boiler and supply steam to the separating and throttling calorimeter unit.
2. Open steam valve and allow the steam to flow through the calorimeters to warm
through the steam.
3. Now supply of the continuous water to the heat exchanger
4. Now switch ON the Main Power Supply (220 Volts AC, .)
5. Close the ball valve properly provided before the separating calorimeter
6. Switch ON the heaters of steam generator
7. Fully open the ball valve provided before the separating calorimeter when the
pressure of the steam generator rises up to 1 kg / cm2 and firstly closes the drain
valve of separating calorimeter.
8. Now slowly open the needle valve provided after the separating calorimeter and
maintain the constant pressure in the pressure gauge provided before the throttling
calorimeter.
9. Allow some time for the steady state if pressure of the pressure gauge fluctuates
stables it manually by operating needle valve.
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10. Note the pressure difference and temperature after the throttling from the
temperature sensor
11. Collect the suspended moisture from the separating calorimeter and weight it
12. Also collect, the dry steam condensing after throttling calorimeter and weight it
13. Now calculate the dryness fraction of steam

Observations & Calculations:

Using the average values, obtain the specific enthalpy of steam at (state C) hence calculate the dryness fraction of
incoming steam. Also calculate the specific enthalpy of incoming steam.
Reading 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ave.
Steam pressure in main
P1 (bars)
Steam pressure after
throttling P2 (bars)
Temperature of main T1
(oC)
Temperature after
throttling T2 (oC)
Quantity of Separated
water m(kg)
Quantity of condensate M
(Kg)

Conclusion: Hence the dryness fraction of steam is______.


Calculation

Reading 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ave.
Steam pressure in main 1.98
P1 (bars)
Steam pressure after 0.98
throttling P2 (bars)
Temperature of main T1 125
(oC)
Temperature after 70
throttling T2 (oC)
Quantity of Separated 250
water m(kg) ml
Quantity of condensate M 750
(Kg) ml
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From steam table


hf1= 503.7
hfg1= 2202.3
hg2= 2674.4
Hence steam not saturated
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