Journal Pre-proof

Acute performance responses during repeated matches in combat

sports: A systematic review

Rafael Lima Kons, Lucas B.R. Orssatto, Daniele Detanico

PII: S1440-2440(19)30804-7
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2019.12.004
Reference: JSAMS 2213

To appear in: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport

Received Date: 17 July 2019

Revised Date: 14 November 2019
Accepted Date: 1 December 2019

Please cite this article as: Kons RL, Orssatto LBR, Detanico D, Acute performance responses
during repeated matches in combat sports: A systematic review, Journal of Science and
Medicine in Sport (2019), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2019.12.004

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© 2019 Published by Elsevier.

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Acute performance responses during repeated matches in combat sports: a

systematic review

Running title: Fatigue in combat sports

Rafael Lima Konsa*, Lucas B. R. Orssattob,c & Daniele Detanicoa

a
Biomechanics Laboratory, Center of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa

Catarina, Brazil

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b
School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of

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Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
C
Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology,

Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

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*Corresponding author: Rafael Lima Kons, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Center of

Sports, Biomechanics Laboratory ZIP-CODE: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina,

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Brazil Telephone: +55 48 3721-8530, E-mail address: [email protected]

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Abstract

Objective: Investigate the acute effects of repeated combat sports matches on vertical jump
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and handgrip strength performance in grappling and striking modalities.

Design: Systematic review

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Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched. The following

eligibility criteria for selecting studies were adopted: Population: Combat sports athletes;

Intervention: Official of simulated matches; Comparator: Baseline versus after-matches

performance; Outcome: Vertical jump and/or handgrip strength performance;

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Results: The systematic search resulted in 13 studies, including Brazilian jiu-jitsu, Greco-

Roman, judo, taekwondo, and wrestling (freestyle and Greco-Roman) modalities, and a

diverse number of repeated matches (i.e. 1–5). None of the studies adopted a randomized

and controlled design and, consequently, none of them was classified as high quality.

Brazilian jiu-jitsu and freestyle wrestling athletes presented an earlier onset of fatigue in

upper and lower limbs, while judo and Greco Roman wrestling presented a later onset, from

the third match. In taekwondo athletes, no fatigue was observed in the lower limbs, while

handgrip strength decreased. However, studies have reported unclear data regarding the

time-course of lower and upper limbs’ fatigue following repeated matches in taekwondo.

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Conclusion: Both upper and lower limbs performance were affected after repeated matches

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in grappling combat sports when assessed by handgrip strength and vertical jump

performance. In taekwondo, the studies have shown unclear results concerning the effects
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of repeated matches on upper and lower limb performance. There is a lack of studies

classified as high-quality and investigations into the neuromuscular mechanisms

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underpinning fatigue after the repeated matches.

PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019129264

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Keywords: Brazilian jiu-jitsu, judo, taekwondo, wrestling, neuromuscular, fatigue.

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1. Introduction
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The contribution of the neuromuscular system in Olympic/ ‘amateur’ combat sports

contemplates specific actions involving strength, endurance, and muscle power, which has
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large relevance for performance in grappling (e.g. judo, wrestling, Brazilian jiu-jitsu) and

striking modalities (e.g. karate, taekwondo, boxing) 1–6. The high-intensity actions in lower

limbs involving eccentric-concentric (i.e. stretch-shortening cycle – SSC) 7–9 and explosive

contractions usually generate high mechanical loads, producing great stress in muscle

structures 10–12. The upper limbs perform grip disputes aiming to dominate and unbalance

the opponent in grappling sports 1,5,13 and direct attacks in striking sports (e.g. punches) also
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14,15
requires high neuromuscular demand, mainly in the forearm flexor muscles . Therefore,

the high neuromuscular demand in the lower and upper limbs in combat sports may result in

fatigue, causing decrements in performance.

Olympic or ‘amateur’ combat sports competitions are usually organized with repeated

matches performed on the same day (with exception of boxing) with short rest intervals

between them, typically ranging from 1 to 15 min 2–5,16–18. The high intensity observed in

combat sports matches may lead to higher levels of fatigue across the competition. In this

sense, aiming to identify potential physical performance decrements in lower and upper

limbs throughout repeated matches, previous studies adopted tests involving SSC (e.g.

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countermovement jump – CMJ), muscle power (e.g. squat jumps – SJ), and handgrip

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strength 7,9,19–26. To ascertain whether combat sports athletes are actually able to cope with

the neuromuscular demands of the whole championship, decrements in vertical jump and
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handgrip strength performance at the end of matches may be sensitive markers of fatigue 15,

due to the internal load imposed by the successive matches 14,18,21,24 and due to the
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relationship of these neuromuscular tests with combat sports performance 20,27,28.

Several experimental studies have attempted to investigate the effects of repeated

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combat sports matches on fatigue, showing contradictory results. Some of these supported
14,15,18,21,24,29–33
the presence of fatigue (performance decline) in upper and/or lower limbs ,
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while others did not find reductions in neuromuscular performance 23,34,35 after a different

number of repeated matches in distinct modalities. Combat sports are comprised by

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grappling and striking modalities with distinct characteristics during the matches, such as

duration, time interval between matches, effort: pause ratio (E:P), and physical demand in
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upper and lower limbs, which induce different levels of fatigue (i.e. sport-dependent).

Importantly, the aforementioned studies 14,15,33–35,18,21,23,24,29–32 have not considered

techniques for assessing neuromuscular mechanisms of fatigue, but they are usually based

on strength/power assessments with high ecological validity regarding combats. A

systematic review can help to point out and summarize what is known in the current

literature about the time-course of fatigue in specific combat sports during the mainly tasks
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(official or simulated combats) and consequently highlight future perspectives related to

fatigue accumulation and performance decreased.

Understanding neuromuscular demand in grappling and striking combat sports could

provide valuable information for coaches and sports scientists to delineate training programs

or strategies to reduce fatigue and/or improve muscle recovery between matches,

particularly in official matches, to increase the chances of success. Therefore, this study

aimed to verify the effect of repeated combat sports matches on vertical jump and handgrip

strength performance in different grappling and striking modalities. We expect that our

results will provide an overview of the current literature about the topic, discussing the actual

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meaningfulness of the time-course of fatigue during repeated combat sports matches.

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2. Methods
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This study was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic

Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42019129264). The conduction and reporting of this review

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36,37
followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines .

A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science
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databases, in January 2019, for peer-reviewed articles and with no language restriction. The

following groups of keywords were used in combination: (a) combat sports–related terms:
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“boxing”, “boxer”, “fencing”, “judo”, “judoka”, “karate”, “karateka”, “taekwondo”, “wrestler”,

“wrestling”, and “jiu-jitsu” (b) fatigue protocol–related terms: “simulated matches,” and
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“official matches,” and “successive matches” (c) neuromuscular performance-related terms:

“jump height,” “muscle power,” “power of lower limbs”, “power output”, “isometric strength”,
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“maximal isometric strength”, “handgrip strength”, and “maximal isometric handgrip

strength”. Moreover, reference lists of all original studies retrieved were manually searched

for potentially eligible original articles, which were included if considered relevant. Figure 1

illustrates the PRISMA flow diagram.

Study inclusion was decided by consensus between RK and DD. In cases of

disagreement on the inclusion of an article, LO was consulted. The PICOS approach was
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adopted to design the inclusion criteria 36. Population: combat sports athletes (i.e. grappling

or striking athletes); not restricted by age or sex. Athletes were classified as >2 years of

practice time (experience) in the specific combat sport. Intervention: Official or simulated

matches. Comparator: Baseline versus final performance following simulated or official

matches. Outcome: Vertical jump variables and/or handgrip strength performance. Study

design: Experimental, quasi-experimental, or non-experimental studies. To be included, the

studies were required to present, at least, baseline and final match measurements for the

intervention group with statistical analyses results. Methodological quality was assessed but

not used as an eligibility criterion.

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Exclusion criteria were defined as follows: studies involving mixed martial arts, as

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they represent their own characteristics according to the athlete’s style; studies involving

ergogenic resources (e.g. caffeine, sodium bicarbonate, laser therapy); studies involving
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rapid weight loss; studies that included athletes with any musculoskeletal injuries prior to the

evaluations; studies that reported the used prohibited substances by the selected athletes
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(e.g. doping misuse or other prohibited supplements); or studies with athletes who reported

having been training regularly for less than 2 years and without competition experience.
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The risk of bias (methodological quality) of the included studies was assessed by RK

and DD using the Cochrane tool 38. The risk of bias assessment was divided into seven
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items: 1) random sequence generation; 2) allocation concealment; 3) blinding of participants

and personnel; 4) blinding of outcome assessment; 5) incomplete outcome data; 6) selective

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reporting; 7) similarity of baseline characteristics. The risk of bias was classified as low,

unclear, and high.

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To produce a summary of the studies, the sample size, athletes’ country, age, sex,

combat sports modality, training level, matches design, outcomes, and a summary of the

main findings were extracted by RK and DD, and reported in Table 1.

3. Results
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Figure 1 presents a flow chart of the results of the systematic review search

conducted, which retrieved a total of 157 articles from the electronic databases PubMed,

Scopus, and Web of Science. After adding relevant studies from other sources (i.e., articles

listed in original and review articles) and after removing duplicates, screening the articles by

title and abstract, and removing ineligible articles, 13 studies remained in the present

systematic review 14,15,33–35,18,21,23,24,29–32.

**Insert Figure 1 here**

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The characteristics of the athletes (age, sex, country and training level) and of the

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studies (sample size, matches’ protocol, duration and rest interval, outcomes and main

findings) are summarized in the Table 1.

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**Insert Table 1 here**
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The majority of studies presented different combat sports modalities and comprised a

total of 215 athletes, categorized in grappling sports – 88 judo, 79 Brazilian jiu-jitsu, 15

wrestlers (Greco Roman) and 12 wrestlers (Freestyle), and striking sports – 45 taekwondo.
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In total 13 studies (4 with judo athletes, 4 with Brazilian jiu-jitsu, 1 with freestyle wrestlers, 1

with Greco Roman style wrestlers, and 3 with taekwondo athletes) took part of the
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systematic review. The athletes presented a minimum practice time of 4.9 years and some

studies included national or international level athletes.

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None of the studies adopted a randomized and controlled design. Therefore, random

sequence, allocation concealment, blinding of participants and personnel, blinding of

outcome assessment, and similarity of baseline characteristics criteria could not be

29
achieved. High bias was observed for one study for complete outcome data criteria and
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two studies for selective reporting criteria 14,15. None of the studies achieved a high-quality

classification.

Grappling combat sports studies adopted a wide range of matches (i.e. 1–5) to

investigate the effects on vertical jump performance. Thus, the number of studies that used

vertical jump as an outcome variable in grappling modalities reduced over the matches, as

follows: one match (n = 8), two (n = 6), three (n = 6), four (n = 4), and five (n = 2). Three

studies 30,33,39 including the Brazilian jiu-jitsu and freestyle wrestling athletes reported

significant decreases in vertical jump performance after the first match while one 21 (judo)

verified decrement after the third match, and two studies 18,32 (Greco-Roman wrestlers and

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judo) after the fourth match. Thus, for vertical jump performance, Brazilian jiu-jitsu and

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freestyle wrestling presented an earlier onset of fatigue, which happened after the first

match, while judo and Greco Roman wrestling presented a later onset, after third and fourth

matches.
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As observed for vertical jump, the number of studies testing handgrip strength in
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grappling modalities reduced from one (n = 6), two (n = 5), three (n = 5), four (n = 4), and

five (n = 2) matches. Two studies 30,33 including Brazilian jiu-jitsu and freestyle wrestling
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athletes reported significant decreases in handgrip strength performance after the first

match. Three studies 29,31,32 (Brazilian jiu-jitsu and judo) observed decreases in handgrip
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strength after the third match, and one study 18 (Greco-Roman wrestling) after the fourth

match. Thus, for handgrip strength, Brazilian jiu-jitsu and freestyle wrestling athletes
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presented an earlier onset of fatigue, which happened after the first match, while judo

athletes presented an onset after the third and Greco Roman wrestling after the fourth
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match.

Concerning striking modalities, that in the current study included only taekwondo,

one study 14 reported increases in vertical jump performance and decreases in handgrip

strength test after an Italian Taekwondo Championship (the authors does not clearly report

the number of performed matches). Another study 15 reported increases in vertical jump

performance for male but not for female, and decreases of handgrip strength for both male
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and female athletes after two official matches. Also, a third study 23 showed no vertical jump

performance differences throughout four matches.

4. Discussion

Our systematic search resulted in a total of 13 studies, including different combat

sports modalities and a diverse number of repeated matches (i.e. 1–5). None of the studies

adopted a randomized and controlled design and, consequently, none of them was classified

as high quality. The current literature suggests a clear reduction in handgrip strength and

vertical jump performance throughout the repeated matches, from first to fourth matches for

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grappling modalities. For a modality-specific analysis, Brazilian jiu-jitsu and freestyle

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wrestling athletes presented an earlier onset of fatigue in upper and lower limbs, while judo

and Greco Roman wrestling presented a later onset. In taekwondo athletes, it was observed
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performance decrease in handgrip strength, but no impairment in the lower limbs. However,

unclear data were reported in the three studies regarding the time-course of fatigue in upper
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and lower limbs testing.

The majority of studies have demonstrated a decrease in maximal isometric handgrip

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strength and vertical jump performance after repeated matches (from 1–5) for grappling

modalities. This finding was expected, as handgrip disputes demand high levels of isometric
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and dynamic strength of the forearm flexor muscles 1–4,18,30,31, as well as lower-limbs muscle

power plays an important role during throwing techniques execution, submission or

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maneuver actions 6–9,18,30.

When analyzing the repeated matches onset of fatigue in different grappling

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modalities, it was observed an earlier fatigue onset for Brazilian jiu-jitsu (after match 1), but

not for judo (only from match 3). Although both combat sports are characterized by a

constant kimono grip, the match duration and the effort: pause ratio (E:P) is higher in

Brazilian jiu-jitsu (match duration = 7–10 min, E:P = 6–13:1) than judo matches (match

duration = 4–5 min E:P = 2–3:1) 5,31,40–42. A similar difference was observed between
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freestyle and Greco Roman wrestling, which have similar grip characteristics but distinct

fatigue onset (after 1 and 4 matches, respectively). Both wrestling modalities (freestyle and

Greco Roman) presented a similar E:P ratio (2:1) 43; however, the match duration is higher

for freestyle wrestling (5 min) than Greco Roman (2 min) 44, which could explain these

findings.

With regard to vertical jump performance, besides the match duration and E:P ratio,

other combat’ characteristics may explain the differences in the onset of fatigue between the

modalities. For example, during the Brazilian jiu-jitsu combats, the athletes are in constant

groundwork actions that require muscle power in lower extremities, as guard passes,

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sweeps, takedowns, submissions 6, whereas judo athletes require this capacity especially

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during throwing techniques execution 7–9. Previous studies have verified that, on average,

judo athletes perform four attack attempts per match 20,42, indicating a lower frequency of
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powerful lower limbs actions compared to Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes, and consequently

delayed fatigue.
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Conversely to the results observed in grappling modalities, the currently available

data were not sufficient to understand the effects of repeated matches on handgrip strength
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and vertical jump performance in striking modalities (particularly taekwondo athletes in our

study). Two studies reported decrement of handgrip strength after a competition, but the first
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did not clearly report the number of matches performed 14, and the second only tested the

participants after the second match 15. Regarding vertical jump performance, no changes
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were verified for one study 23, and two studies reported unexpected improvements after

matches 14,15. Several factors may explain this result, but considering that the
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aforementioned studies did not adopt a controlled design, it is difficult to know if these

improvements are a result of post-activation potentiation, post-activation performance

enhancement 45,46, or even a learning effect 47. Also, the absence of a higher level of fatigue

in lower limbs in taekwondo athletes can be explained by the time-motion characteristics of

the match, which comprises a short match duration (1–2 min) and an E:P ratio with pauses

longer than effort (1:3–4) 48,49. A previous study verified a high contribution of oxidative
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(66%) and phosphocreatine systems (30%) and low demand on the glycolytic metabolism

(4%) during simulated taekwondo rounds 50. The low-intensity activities and pauses during

the rounds probably induce synthetization of the phosphocreatine sources through increases

in aerobic activation, thereby maintaining the intensity of effort. Similarly, it may provide

suitable neuromuscular recovery despite the powerful lower limb actions during taekwondo

combat 12. Thus, it remains unclear the time-course of fatigue after repeated matches in

taekwondo athletes.

The relevance of using handgrip strength and vertical jump assessments in combat

sports to detect fatigue effects should be highlighted in the current study. Handgrip strength

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measurements are very specific to the grappling modalities actions, especially in the ones

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involving kimono grip. However, upper-limbs performance is also highly relevant for

taekwondo athletes, since they tend to use their arms to score points by punching the
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opponent’s torso and to protect themselves from the opponent’s kicks and punches directed

toward the scoring area of their torso 14,15. In the case of vertical jump, it is already known
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that SSC actions, observed in combat sports, generate high mechanical loads, producing

greater stress in muscle structures 10,11,51. This condition may alter the capacity to generate
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maximal force and maximal take-off velocity during the propulsive phase of the jump, and

consequently the mechanical power and jump height performance 52.

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It is important to mention that the vertical jump variables varied among studies in our

review – jump height, power, force, velocity and impulse. Currently, there is an extensive
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debate regarding the ideal vertical jump variable that best represents neuromuscular

performance changes. Claudino et al. 53 found that the average jump height was sensitive to
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detect performance changes. However, some authors have criticized the use of jump height

as an indicator of lower limb power or maximal power output capability 54–56, especially

because there are several confounding factors observed during vertical jump height, such as

body mass, push-off distance, individual force-velocity profile and optimal force-velocity

profile 54. Both vertical jump height and power output measured in combat sports athletes

have previously been correlated with technical-tactical variables obtained in official judo
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matches 20,27, suggesting a good relationship with specific performance, particularly in

grappling sports. The majority of the selected studies used jump height as a performance

variable. Moreover, vertical jump height, in most cases, is a practical and objective measure

in the field of sports, besides showing good sensitivity 53 and low cost compared to, for

example, force platform or 3D kinematic analysis system. The power output, peak force and

peak velocity obtained in the vertical jump testing also presents a relationship with jump

height but does not represent the same variable, despite these parameters presenting good

correlations with athletic performance 56.

Some important weaknesses observed in the current literature that consequently

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limited the present study findings should be highlighted and urgently addressed in future

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investigations. The first characteristic that should be pointed out is the lack of control groups

for all the included studies. The lack of studies with high-quality and with a randomized
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controlled design investigating the time-course of fatigue after repeated matches in combat

sports means that the findings of the present study should be interpreted with caution.
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Regarding the different vertical jump variables comparison, jump height was adopted in the

majority of studies, but some studies presented only power, force, velocity and/or height,
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while none of the studies investigated propulsive power, velocity and impulse, which recently

emerged as promising variables for sports performance prediction 57. Considering striking
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modalities, all the studies included in were about taekwondo, limiting our analysis to only this

sport. In addition, the variation in the number of repeated matches in grappling modalities
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studies resulted in different sample sizes for analysis of repeated matches, reducing the

interpretation and understanding of fatigue in the different modalities.

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In summary, because of all the above-mentioned limitations, it was not possible to

conduct a high-quality meta-analysis, which could not provide robust and reliable information

to answer the research question and could result in a misinterpretation about the effects of

repeated combat sports matches on countermovement jump and handgrip strength

performance. Furthermore, despite the practical relevance provided by the decline of

performance in handgrip strength and vertical jumps assessments, which are related to
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combat sports performance 9,20,58, there is a lack of studies investigating the relationship

between fatigue development and competitive success. Another important limitation that

should be presented is the nonexistence of studies investigating the neuromuscular

mechanisms underlying the fatigue in combat sports athletes. For example, future studies

can use the surface electromyography, mechanomyography, neuromuscular electrical

stimulation (e.g., single pulses, train of pulses, high- and low-frequency doublets, and

interpolated twitch technique), and/or transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques to

understand the central and peripheral neuromuscular mechanisms underpinning fatigue 59–63

after the matches.

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The present topic is highly relevant to the combat sports research area.

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Understanding the time-course of fatigue during repeated matches has large implications for

designing strategies to mitigate the decreases in performance match after match. However,
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future studies should focus on high-quality methodological design including control groups

with a randomized design. The use of a control group, for example, would allow for the
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understanding of a potential learning 47 or potentiation effect 45,46 hiding the declines in

vertical jump performance after repeated matches. It is also suggested that all the feasible
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criteria for a low risk of bias study be considered, such as the use of concealed allocation

and blinding of outcome assessment, and avoiding incomplete outcome data and selective
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reporting. Also, the prospective registration of the methods used in the studies and

transparency in the publication should be considered to increase the quality of studies 64.
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5. Conclusions
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The current literature suggests that both upper and lower limbs performance are

affected after repeated matches in grappling combat sports when assessed by the handgrip

strength and vertical jump performance. However, it is observed a dissimilar onset of fatigue

for distinct modalities for handgrip strength and vertical jump performance, where Brazilian

jiu-jitsu and freestyle wrestling athletes’ present fatigue immediately after the first match and
 13

judo and Greco Roman wrestling athletes only from the third match. In taekwondo athletes,

the studies have shown unclear results concerning the effects of repeated matches on upper

and lower limb performance. The earlier fatigue observed for Brazilian jiu-jitsu and freestyle

wrestling, and the later fatigue for judo and Greco Roman wrestling athletes can be

explained by the differences in match characteristics among modalities, such as match

duration, attacks attempt during the match, and E:P ratio. Caution should be taken when

interpreting the findings of our systematic review, as none of the selected studies presented

a high-quality methodological design. Future studies should consider employing better

methodological design and more robust neuromuscular assessments to understand the

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neuromuscular mechanisms that explain the fatigue after repeated matches.

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Practical applications


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Understanding the time-course of fatigue following repeated matches highlights the

relevance of using strategies to mitigate fatigue and ensure neuromuscular performance

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maintenance during competition.

 Conditioning training programs should consider, in addition to technical characteristics,

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the time-motion parameters of each combat sport (e.g. match duration and E:P ratio),

aiming to enhance the athlete’s recovery between successive matches, due to the
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improvements in aerobic and anaerobic fitness 65, and consequently delaying fatigue.

 Pacing strategies during matches can be an interesting alternative and should be

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included in training prescriptions 66,67, especially in grappling combat sports, as an

24,27,30,33–37
accentuated level of fatigue has occurred during successive combats .
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Exercises involving pacing of gripping the kimono (e.g. rhythm of gripping to attack and

defend) should be developed during training sessions and transferred to the match to

obtain possible advantages.

Compliance with Ethical Standards

 14

Funding: no sources of funding were used to assist in the preparation of this article.

Conflicts of interest: Rafael Lima Kons, Lucas Bet da Rosa Orssatto, and Daniele Detanico

declare that they have no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this review.

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to acknowledge and thank the staffs of the Biomechanics

Laboratory for their technical assistance. No financial support was received for this research.

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Figure legend

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Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram illustrating the different phases of the search and study

selection.
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 24

Table 1. Characteristics and main findings of the included studies.

f
Sample
Reference

oo
size, sex Match(es) Match(es) Rest Measured
(combat Age Training level Main findings
and protocol duration interval outcomes
sport)
country
CMJ performance
Andreato et
drop before match

pr
al. 31 11 ± 4 years of
Male=10 Four simulated CMJ height 3 compared to
28 ± 4 training 10 min 5 min
(Brazil) matches and HGS after match 2.
(Brazilian Jiu- experience
HGS drop after
jitsu)

e-
matches 3 and 4.
Barbas et al.
18
12.1 ± 2.9 years CMJ and HGS
Male=12 Five simulated CMJ height
(Greco- 22.1 ± 1.3 of training 2 min 10 min decreased after

Pr
(Greece) matches and HGS
Roman) experience matches 4 and 5

Bonitch- SJ power, force

Male=11 SJ power,
Dominguez et International Four simulated and velocity
(Spain and 22.7 ± 3.0 5 min 15 min force, and
al. 35 level matches decreased after
(Judo)
France)
l velocity
match 4
na
Bonitch- HGS decreased in
Male=11 >10 years of
Góngora et Four simulated dominant and non-
(Spain and 22.4 ± 3.2 training 5 min 15 min HGS
al. 32 matches dominant limb after
France) experience
(Judo) matches 3 and 4.
ur

NR - Data
CMJ increased
Chiodo et al. Male=11 23.0 ± 3.6 collected during
14 CMJ height and HGS
Female=4 male, 24.0 ± Elite athletes the Italian NR NR
and HGS decreased after
(Taekwondo) (Italy) 5.7 female Taekwondo
Jo

matches
Championship
No change in CMJ
performance for
Chiodo et al. Male=10
15 13 – 14 Two official CMJ height female group and
Female=7 Elite athletes 2 min 1 min
years matches and HGS increased for male.
(Taekwondo) (Italy)
HGS decreased
after match 2.
 25

Detanico et 6.4 ± 4.7 years CMJ height

Male=20 Three simulated

f
al. 21 20.0 ± 4.6 of training 5 min 15 min CMJ height decreased after
(Brazil) matches

oo
(Judo) experience matches 3 and 4.
CMJ power
decreased after
match 1 and CMJ
Detanico et
4.9 ± 3.1 years CMJ height, height and impulse

pr
al. 24 Male=22 Three simulated
25.8 ± 4.9 of training 7 min 14 min power, and decreased after
(Brazilian Jiu- (Brazil) matches
experience impulse match 2.
jitsu)
CMJ height

e-
decreased from
match 3.
Detanico et 11.7 ± 6.7 years
Male=10 Four simulated Sargent No change in
al. 23 21.7 ± 5.3 of training 2 min 13 min

Pr
(Brazil) matches jump test performance
(Taekwondo) experience
CMJ height,
power, and
Diaz-Lara et Male=26 CMJ height,
7.4 ± 3.6 years velocity, and HGS
al. 33 (Nine One official power, and
28.9 ± 4.2 of training 10 min - in dominant and
(Brazilian Jiu- different
l experience
match force, and
non-dominant
na
jitsu) countries) HGS
limbs decreased
after single match.
13.6 ± 15.5
23.0 ± 6.7
years of training
medalists, HGS decreased in
ur

Kons et al. 29 Male=34 experience Four official

23.0 ± 6.7 NR NR HGS right and left limbs
(Judo) (Brazil) (medalists) and matches
non- after match 3.
14.8 ± 6.4 (non-
medalists
medalists)
Jo

Kraemer et al. National and Vertical Vertical jump and

30 Male=12 Five simulated
19.33 ± 1.16 International 5 min 10 min jump power HGS decreased
(USA) matches
(Wrestling) level and HGS after match 1
No CMJ
Silva et al. 34 > 3 years of
Three simulated performance
(Brazilian Jiu- Male=23 26.3 ± 6.3 training 10 min 15 min CMJ height
matches change 20 min
jitsu) experience
after 3 matches.
 26

NR, not reported; HGS, handgrip strength; CMJ, countermovement jump; SJ, squat jump.

f
oo
pr
e-
l Pr
na
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Jo