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Scope Resolution and Reference Variable

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14 views11 pages

Scope Resolution and Reference Variable

Uploaded by

vishvadeepchopade
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• A reference variable is an alias, that is, another name for an already existing

variable.

• Once a reference is initialized with a variable, either the variable name or the
reference name may be used to refer to the variable.

• A reference variable is a "reference" to an existing variable, and it is created


with the & operator.

• Syntax :
• Datatype & reference _name = variable _name;

• Where reference name is a new name given to the variable.


• How to create a reference?
• Reference can be created by simply using an ampersand (&) operator.
• When we create a variable, then it occupies some memory location. We can create a reference of
the variable; therefore, we can access the original variable by using either name of the variable or
reference.

• For example,int a=10;


• Now, we create the reference variable of the above variable.
• int &ref=a;int &ref=a;
• The above statement means that 'ref' is a reference variable of 'a', i.e., we can use the 'ref' variable
in place of 'a' variable.
• ex:

• main() x Location name

•{ 100 Location value

• Int x=100;
1002 Location address
• Int y=x;

• cout<<x; Y Location name

• cout<<y; 100 Location value

• x++;
1004 Location address

• cout<<x;

• cout<<y;

•}
x/y Location name

• Ex : 100 Location value

• Int x =100; 1002 Location address

• Int &y =x;


• ex:

• main() x/y Location name

•{ 100 Location value

• Int x=100; 1002 Location address

• Int &y=x;

• cout<<x; // o/p 100 x/Y Location name

• cout<<y; // o/p 100


110 Location value

• x= x+10;
1002 Location address
• cout<<x; //o/p 110

• cout<<y; // o/p 110


#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main () {
// declare simple variables
int i;
double d;

// declare reference variables


int &r = i;
double& s = d;

i = 5;
cout << "Value of i : " << i << endl;
cout << "Value of i reference : " << r << endl;

d = 11.7;
cout << "Value of d : " << d << endl;
cout << "Value of d reference : " << s << endl;

return 0;
}

Table 1
Value of i : 5
Value of i re ference : 5
Value of d : 11.7
Value of d re ference : 11.7
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int x = 10;

// ref is a reference to x.
int& ref = x;

// Value of x is now changed to 20


ref = 20;
cout << "x = " << x << endl ;

// Value of x is now changed to 30


x = 30;
cout << "ref = " << ref << endl ;

return 0;
}

Output:
x = 20
ref = 30
C++ Scope resolution operator
•#
• # include<iostream.h> • # include<iostream.h>
• Int i=10; • Int i=10;
• Void main() • Void main()
•{ •{
• Int j=20; • Int i=20;
• Cout <<i<<endl; • Cout <<i<<endl;
• cout<<j; •}
•}
• o/p
• o/p • 20
• 10
• 20
• main()

• {

• Int i=5;

• {
Inner block Outer block

• i=10;

• cout<<i; // 10

• }

• }
• A variable I.e declared inside a function is called as “local
variable”.

• A variable declared outside function is called as “global


variable”

• Whenever there is conflict between local and global variable


then local variable gets priority .

• Global variable is inaccessible when local variable of same


name is available within the function

• Cpp allows the user the flexibility of accessing both the variable
.it achieve this with the help of new operator called as “scope
resolution operator “ .
#include<iostream.h> M

Int m=10;
10
main()

{
1002
Int m=20;

Int k=m; M

{
20
cout<<“we are in inner block”;

cout<<“k=“<<k; // 20

cout<<“m=“<<m; // 20
1004

K
cout<<“:: m=“<<:: m; //

}
20
cout<<“we are in outer block”;

cout<<“m=“<<m;
1006
cout<<“::m”<<::m;

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