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Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Course Name: Fuzzy Logic and Neural Networks

Assignment- Week 4
TYPE OF QUESTION: MCQ
Number of questions: 10 Total mark: 10 X 2 = 20
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To model input-output relationships of a process having two inputs and one output, let us use a
fuzzy reasoning tool with Mamdani approach. Let us also assume three linguistic terms, namely
Low (L), Medium (M) and High (H) to represent each of two inputs: I1, I2, and one output O. The
initial membership function distributions of the inputs and output are shown in Fig. A, which are
assumed to be symmetrical triangles.

Fig. A: Initial membership function distributions of the variables.

A binary-coded genetic algorithm (BCGA) will be used to evolve the optimized data base (DB)
and rule base (RB) of the fuzzy reasoning tool. The base-widths of the triangles are decided by
the b values. A typical GA-string is shown below, where five bits are used to represent each of
the b values and nine bits are utilized to represent the RB (where 1 and 0 represent the presence
and absence of the rules, respectively).
11001 10001 10101 100111101
b1 b2 b3 RB
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The RB of the fuzzy reasoning tool is shown below.

I2
L M H
L L L M
1 0 0
I1 M L M H
1 1 1
H M H H
1 0 1

Corresponding to the above GA-string, the modified RB is given below.

I2
L M H
L L
1
I1 M L M H
1 1 1
H M H
1 1

Take the ranges of b1, b2 and b3 as follows:

0.4 ≤ 𝑏1 ≤ 1.7
0.2 ≤ 𝑏2 ≤ 1.2
0.9 ≤ 𝑏3 ≤ 2.3
Let us consider a training scenario as follows: I1 = 1.5, I2 = 1.0, and target output T0 =
3.05.Answer the following five questions (Q1 to Q5)by considering the modified DB and RB,
according to the above GA-string. Use the Center of Area method for defuzzification.
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QUESTION 1:
I1 = 1.5 corresponds toL and M, respectively,with approximate membership values of
(a) 0.9333, 0.0667
(b) 0.2759, 0.7241
(c) 0.7241, 0.2759
(d) 0.0667, 0.9333
Correct Answer: c

Detailed Solution:
Consider the modified membership function distributions according to the GA-string:
0.4 ≤ 𝑏1 ≤ 1.7
0.2 ≤ 𝑏2 ≤ 1.2
0.9 ≤ 𝑏3 ≤ 2.3

Accordingly, modified data base for the input 𝐼1 would be as follows:

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𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝐼1

𝑆𝑜, 𝜇𝐿 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟐𝟒𝟏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜇𝑀 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟕𝟓𝟗

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QUESTION 2:
I2 = 1.0 corresponds to M and H, respectively, with approximate membership values of
(a) 0.9333, 0.0667
(b) 0.2759, 0.7241
(c) 0.7241, 0.2759
(d) 0.0667, 0.9333
Correct Answer: a

Detailed Solution:
Modified data base for𝐼2
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𝑆𝑜, 𝜇𝑀 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜇𝐻 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟔𝟕

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QUESTION 3:
Q3. Firing strength of the first fired rule present in the rule base (i.e., if I1 is M AND I2 is M then
Output O is M) is approximately calculated as
(a) 0.9333
(b) 0.7241
(c) 0.0667
(d) 0.2759
Correct Answer: d

Detailed Solution:

Rules present according to the above GA-string are given below.

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I2
L M H
L L
1
I1 M L M H
1 1 1
H M H
1 1

Fired rules
L M L Absent
L H M Absent
M MM Present
M H H Present
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𝑆𝑜, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟕𝟓𝟗

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QUESTION 4:
Firing strength of the second fired rule present in the rule base (i.e., if I1 is M AND I2is H then output O is
H) is approximately calculated as

(a) 0.9333
(b) 0.7241
(c) 0.0667
(d) 0.2759
Correct Answer: c
Detailed Solution:
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𝑆𝑜, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟔𝟕

QUESTION 5:
Crisp output corresponding to the set of inputs (I1=1.5, I2 =1.0) is found to be approximately equal to

(a) 2.96
(b) 5.95
(c) 8.25
(d) 3.87
Correct Answer: a

Detailed Solution:

𝐴𝑖 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝑖 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑖 𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒 ∶
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 NPTEL Online Certification Courses
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The Crisp Output would be 2.96

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QUESTION 6:
Select the correct order of operations used in the working cycle of a Genetic Algorithm (GA)
after the population initialization of the random solutions.
(a) Reproduction, Assigning Fitness, Mutation, Crossover
(b) Assigning Fitness, Reproduction, Crossover, Mutation
(c) Assigning Fitness, Reproduction, Mutation, Crossover
(d) Crossover, Assigning Fitness, Reproduction, Mutation

Correct Answer: b

Detailed Solution:

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QUESTION 7:
An artificial neuron (𝑗 𝑡ℎ ) receives 𝑛 inputs 𝑥1 , 𝑥2, 𝑥3 , … … . . , 𝑥𝑛 with the weights
𝑤1𝑗 , 𝑤2𝑗 , 𝑤3𝑗 , … … … … , 𝑤𝑛𝑗 and bias b is attached to this neuron. Find the correct way to compute
theweighted sum of inputs to be passed on to an activation function to determine the output.

(a) ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑤𝑖𝑗 𝑏 + 𝑥𝑖

(b) ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 𝑤𝑖𝑗 + 𝑏
(c) ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 𝑏 + 𝑤𝑖𝑗
(d) ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑤𝑖𝑗 𝑥𝑖 𝑏

Correct Answer: b

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QUESTION 8:
Identify the nature of this activation function.
1
𝑂= , where𝑎 represents the coefficient of transfer function and 𝑢 denotes the input.
1+𝑒 −𝑎𝑢
(a) Hard Limit Transfer Function
(b) Linear Transfer Function
(c) Tan-Sigmoid Transfer Function
(d) Log-Sigmoid Transfer Function

Correct Answer: d

Detailed Solution:
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QUESTION 9:
Synapse of a biological neuron is copied in the artificial neuron in the form of
(a) connecting weights
(b) summing junction
(c) bias value
(d) activation/transfer function

Correct Answer: d

Detailed Solution:
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QUESTION 10:
The value of Tan-sigmoid transfer function used in Neural Networks varies in the range of
(a) (0.0, +1.0)
(b) (-1.0, +1.0)
(c) (-2.0, +2.0)
(d) (-3.0, +3.0)

Correct Answer: b

Detailed Solution:

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