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 CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Real Numbers Lesson 7 Solve Systems of Equations by
Graphing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Lesson 1 Rational Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Lesson 8 Solve Systems of Equations
Lesson 2 Powers and Exponents . . . . . . . . . 3
Algebraically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Lesson 3 Multiply and Divide
Monomials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Chapter 4 Functions
Lesson 4 Powers of Monomials . . . . . . . . . . 7 Lesson 1 Represent Relationships . . . . . . 53
Problem-Solving Investigation: Lesson 2 Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
The Four-Step Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Lesson 3 Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Lesson 5 The Negative Exponents . . . . . . 11
Lesson 4 Linear Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Lesson 6 Scientific Notation . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Problem-Solving Investigation:
Lesson 7 Compute with Scientific Make a Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Lesson 5 Compare Properties of
Lesson 8 Roots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Lesson 9 Estimate Roots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Lesson 6 Construct Functions . . . . . . . . . . 65
Lesson 10 Compare Real Numbers . . . . . 21 Lesson 7 Linear and Nonlinear
Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Chapter 2 Equations in Lesson 8 Quadratic Functions . . . . . . . . . 69
One Variable Lesson 9 Qualitative Graphs . . . . . . . . . . 71
Lesson 1 Solve Equations with
Rational Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Chapter 5 Triangles and the
Lesson 2 Solve Two-Step Equations . . . . 25
Pythagorean Theorem
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

Lesson 3 Write Two-Step Equations . . . . 27 Lesson 1 Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Problem-Solving Investigation: Lesson 2 Geometric Proof . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Work Backward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Lesson 3 Angles and Triangles . . . . . . . . . 77
Lesson 4 Solve Equations with
Variables on Each Side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Lesson 4 Polygons and Angles . . . . . . . . . 79

Lesson 5 Solve Multi-Step Equations . . . 33 Problem-Solving Investigation:

Look for a Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Lesson 5 The Pythagorean Theorem . . . . 83
Chapter 3 Equations in
Two Variables Lesson 6 Use the Pythagorean
Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Lesson 1 Constant Rate of Change . . . . . 35
Lesson 7 Distance on the Coordinate
Lesson 2 Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Lesson 3 Equations in y = mx
Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Chapter 6 Transformations
Lesson 4 Slope-Intercept Form . . . . . . . . . 41 Lesson 1 Translations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Lesson 5 Graph a Line Using Lesson 2 Reflections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Intercepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Problem-Solving Investigation:
Problem-Solving Investigation: Act it Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Guess, Check, and Revise . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Lesson 3 Rotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Lesson 6 Write Linear Equations . . . . . . 47
Lesson 4 Dilations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
iii
Chapter 7 Congruence and Chapter 9 Scatter Plots and
Similarity Data Analysis
Lesson 1 Congruence and Lesson 1 Scatter Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Lesson 2 Lines of Best Fit . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Lesson 2 Congruence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Lesson 3 Two-Way Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Problem-Solving Investigation:
Problem-Solving Investigation:
Draw a Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Use a Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Lesson 3 Similarity and
Lesson 4 Descriptive Statistics . . . . . . . . 137
Transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Lesson 5 Measures of Variation . . . . . . . 139
Lesson 4 Properties of Similarity . . . . . . 107
Lesson 6 Analyze Data Distributions . . . 141
Lesson 5 Similar Triangles and Indirect
Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Lesson 6 Slope and Similar
Triangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Lesson 7 Area and Perimeter of
Similar Triangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Chapter 8 Volume and

Surface Area
Lesson 1 Volume of Cylinders . . . . . . . . . 115
Lesson 2 Volume of Cones . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Lesson 3 Volume of Spheres . . . . . . . . . . 119
Problem-Solving Investigation:
Solve a Simpler Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
Lesson 4 Surface Area of Cylinders . . . . 123
Lesson 5 Surface Area of Cones . . . . . . . 125
Lesson 6 Changes in Dimensions . . . . . 127

iv
 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 1 Homework Practice

Rational Numbers
Write each fraction or mixed number as a decimal.
3 5 9
1. −
5
0.6 2. −
8
0.625 3. −−
20
0.45

37 11 9
4. −− 0.74 5. - −− -0.6875 6. - −− -0.28125
50 16 32

1 3 5 −−
7. 3 −
5
3.2 8. 4 −
8 4.375 9. −−
33
0.15

7 − 11 − 11 −
10. - − -0.7 11. -8 −− -8.61 12. -9 −− -9.36
9 18 30

Write each decimal as a fraction or mixed number in simplest form.

4 11 7
13. -0.8 - −− 14. 0.44 −− 15. -1.35 -1 −−
5 25 20

− 8 − 5 −− 5
16. 0.8 −− 17. -1.5 -1 −− 18. 4.45 4 −−
9 9 11

19. POPULATION Refer to the table at the right.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

Population of Florida by Race

Fraction of
a. Express the fraction for Asian as a Race
Total Population
decimal. 0.02
1
Asian −−
50
b. Find the decimal equivalent for the
4
fraction of the population that African American −−
25
is African American. 0.16
1
Hispanic −
5
c. Write the fraction for Hispanic as a
decimal. 0.2

20. MEASUREMENTS Use the figure at the right.

9
a. Write the width of the jellybean as a fraction. −−
16
in. 1
b. Write the width of the jellybean as a decimal. 0.5625

Course 3 • Chapter 1 Real Numbers 1

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 1 Problem-Solving Practice

Rational Numbers
1. ASTRONOMY The pull of gravity on 2. ENERGY Nuclear power provided 78%
the surface of Mars is 0.38 that of of the energy used in France in 2005.
Earth. Write 0.38 as a fraction in Write 0.78 as a fraction in simplest
simplest form. form.
19 39
−− −−
50 50

3. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES One pint is 4. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES One inch is
5 5 25.4 millimeters. Write 25.4 millimeters
about − liter. Write − liter as a decimal.
− 9 9 as a mixed number in simplest form.
0.5 l 2
25 − mm
5

5. EDUCATION A local middle school has 6. BASEBALL In the 2008 season, the
47 computers and 174 students. What is Florida Marlins won 84 out of 162

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
the number of students per computer at games. What was the ratio of wins to
the school? Write your answer as both a total games? Write your answer as both
mixed number in simplest form and a a fraction in simplest form and a
decimal rounded to the nearest tenth. decimal rounded to the nearest
33 thousandth.
3 −− or about 3.7 students per
47 14
computer −− ; 0.519
27

7. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES Recently, 8. BASKETBALL In the 2007–2008 season,

a small college had an enrollment of Dwayne Wade made 439 field goals out
1,342 students and a total of 215 of 937 attempts. What was Dwayne
faculty. What was the student-faculty Wade’s ratio of successful field goals to
ratio for this college? Write your answer attempts? Write your answer as both a
as both a mixed number in simplest fraction in simplest form and a decimal
form and a decimal rounded to the rounded to the nearest thousandth.
nearest hundredth. 439
−−− ; 0.469
52 937
6 −−− or about 6.24 students per
215
faculty member

2 Course 3 • Chapter 1 Real Numbers

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 2 Homework Practice

Powers and Exponents
Write each expression using exponents.
1. 3  3  m ( 4 )( 4 )( 4 )
1 1 1
2. − − −

(−14 )
3
32  m

3. 2  d  5  d  d  5 4. p  (-9)  p  (-9)  p  q  q

2  52  d3 (-9)2  p3  q2

1 1
5. g  (-7)  (-7)  g  h  (-7)  h 6. x  − xxy− yx
8 8

()
2
1
(-7)3  g2  h2 −  x4  y2
8
Evaluate each expression.
3 5
7. (-8)4 1
8. − (5) ( 5)
3
9. - −
1 243
4,096 −−− - −−−−
125 3,125
10. (-2)3 + 52 11. 34 - 52 12. (-2)5 - (-2)4
17 56 -48
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

13. 43 ÷ 23 14. 53  23 15. 17 + (-3)4

8 1,000 82

ALGEBRA Evaluate each expression.

16. r3 - s, if r = 5 and s = 4 121 17. m2 - n3, if m = 6 and n = 2 28

18. f - g4, if f = 3 and g = -5 -622 19. (x5 - y2)2 + x3, if x = 2 and y = 8 1,032

20. Replace with <, >, or = to make a true statement: 24 42 . =

21. ISLANDS Florida has about 22  32  53 islands (over 10 acres). About

how many islands is this? about 4,500 islands

Course 3 • Chapter 1 Real Numbers 3

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 2 Problem-Solving Practice

Powers and Exponents
1. GEOMETRY The volume of a cube can 2. SPORTS In the first round of a local
be found by raising the side length to tennis tournament, there are 25
the third power. What is the volume of matches. Find the number of matches.
the cube below? 2,744 in3 32 matches

14 in.

3. PALM TREES There are about 4. NATURE A forest fire affected about
23  3  53 species of palm trees in the 34  104 acres of land. About how many
whole world. About how many species acres did the fire affect? about
is this? about 3,000 species 810,000 acres

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
5. BIOLOGY A scientist estimates that 6. ACTIVISM A total of 54  73 people have
after a certain amount of time, there signed a petition. How many people
would be 25  33  105 bacteria in a Petri signed the petition?
dish. About how many bacteria is this? 214,375 people
about 86,400,000 bacteria

7. MEASUREMENT There are 106 8. DOGS Dedra’s dog weighs 5  24

millimeters in one kilometer. The pounds. What is the weight of Dedra’s
distance from Dana’s house to her dog? 80 pounds
uncle’s house is 44 kilometers. What is
this distance in millimeters?
256,000,000 mm

4 Course 3 • Chapter 1 Real Numbers

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 3 Homework Practice

Multiply and Divide Monomials
Simplify. Express using exponents.
1. k8 · k k9 2. t7 · t6 t13 3. 2w2 · 5w2 10w4

4. 3e3 · 7e3 21e6 5. 4r4(-4r3) -16r7 6. (-3l2w3)(2lw4) -6l3w7

7. (-11w4)(-5w3x4) 55w7x4 8. (-4b6)(-b2c3) 4b8c3 9. (10t4v5)(3t2v5) 30t6v10

59 38 b6
10. −− 56 11. −− 37 12. −− b2
3
5 3 b4

g15 18v5 24a6

13. −− g8 14. −−− 2v4 15. −−− 4a
7
g 9v 6a 5
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

n19 9521
16. y6 ÷ y3 y3 17. −−
11
n8 18. −−−
18
953
n 95

5
· 63 · 810
19. Simplify 5−−−−−−−
3 9
. 7,200
5 ·6·8

20. BONUSES A company has set aside 107 dollars for annual employee bonuses. If the
company has 104 employees and the money is divided equally among them, how much
will each employee receive? 103 or $1,000

21. CAR LOANS After making a down payment, Mr. Valle will make 62 monthly payments of
63 dollars each to pay for his new car. What is the total of the monthly payments?
65 or $7,776

Course 3 • Chapter 1 Real Numbers 5

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 3 Problem-Solving Practice

Multiply and Divide Monomials
1. SOUND Decibels are units to measure 2. GEOMETRY Express the area of a square
sound. Ordinary conversation is rated with sides of length 5ab as a monomial.
at about 60 decibels (or a relative 25a2b2
loudness of 106). Thunder is rated at
about 120 decibels (or a relative
loudness of 1012). How many times
greater is the relative loudness of
thunder than the relative loudness of
ordinary conversation? 106 times,
or 1,000,000 times

3. COMPUTERS The byte is the 4. GEOMETRY The area of the rectangle in

fundamental unit of computer the figure is 24a2b3 square units. Find
processing. The byte is based on powers the width of the rectangle. 4ab2
of 2, as shown in the table. How many
times greater is a gigabyte than a
megabyte? 210 or 1,024 times
6ab
Memory Term Number of Bytes
byte 20 or 1

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
kilobyte 210
megabyte 220
gigabyte 230

5. BOOKS A publisher sells 106 copies of a 6. RABBITS Randall has 23 pairs of rabbits
new book. Each book has 102 pages. on his farm. Each pair of rabbits can be
How many pages total are there in all expected to produce 25 baby rabbits in a
of the books sold? Write the answer year. How many baby rabbits will there
using exponents. 108 pages be on Randall’s farm each year? Write
the answer using exponents.
28 rabbits

6 Course 3 • Chapter 1 Real Numbers

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 4 Homework Practice

Powers of Monomials
Simplify.
1. (6t5)2 2. (4w9)4 3. (12k6)3 4. (15m8)3
36t10 256w 36 1,728k18 3,375m 24

5. (4d3e5)7 6. (-4r6s15)4 7. [(72)2]2 8. [(32)2]3

16,384d 21e 35 256r 24s 60 78 or 5,764,801 312 or 531,441

2
3 6 92
9. (−
5
ab) 10. (4x2)3(3x6)4 11. (0.6p5)3 (5
1 5 3
12. − wx )
9a12b18 10
w x 6
−−−− 5,184x30 0.216p15 −−−−
25
25

GEOMETRY Express the area of each square below as a monomial.

13. 14.

9c6d
14g5h9
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

81c12d2

196g10h18

15. MEASUREMENT In the Metric System, you would need to have

(104)2 grams to equal 1 metric ton. Simplify this measurement
by multiplying the exponents, then simplify by finding the actual
number of grams needed to equal 1 metric ton. 108 or 100,000,000

16. GAMING A video-game designer is using the expression 6n3 in a program

to determine points earned, where n is the game level. Simplify the
expression for the n2 level. 6n6

Course 3 • Chapter 1 Real Numbers 7

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 4 Problem-Solving Practice

Powers of Monomials
1. DEBATE Charmaine and Aaron are 2. LAND Kate was given a square plot of
having a debate. Charmaine thinks the land in which to build. If one side of the
answer to their math homework is (42)4, plot was (3a)3 feet long, express the
but Aaron says the answer is (44)2. area of her plot as a monomial.
Explain how both Charmaine and
Aaron can be correct.
Both can be correct because
when you multiply their
exponents they both equal 48. (3a)3

729a6

3. CRAFTS Numa loves beads and wants to 4. TEST The teacher marked Silvano’s
know which amount would be more, a problem wrong on his test.
thousand beads or (62)3 beads?
(62)3 (45)4 = 49

Explain what he did wrong and give the

correct answer.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
Silvano added the exponents
instead of multiplying them.
The correct answer should
be 420.

5. WOOD Dmitry calculated that he needs 6. VOLUME Express the volume of the
6s2 square inches of wood for each crate following cube as a monomial.
he makes. Simplify the expression when
s is replaced by t4.
6t8 (4d )2

4,096d6

8 Course 3 • Chapter 1 Real Numbers

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Homework Practice
Problem-Solving Investigation: The Four Step Plan
Mixed Problem Solving
Solve.
1. BILLS Joaquin bought a DVD for $21. He 4. CHORES Kimberley has the choice of
gave the cashier two $20 bills. How washing the car, mowing the lawn, or
many different combinations of $1, $5, raking leaves on Saturday and baking a
and $10 bills can the cashier give him cake, washing the dishes, or doing the
for change? 6 combinations laundry on Sunday. In how many ways
can she choose one chore for each day?
9 ways

2. TENNIS Felix, Lolita, Tetsuo, Kaveri, and 5. FUNDRAISER The drama club is selling
Maxine are on the school tennis team. 100 T-shirts for $15 each for a
When ranked from first to fifth, how fundraiser. The T-shirts cost a total of
many ways can they be ranked if $623. If they sell all the T-shirts, how
Maxine is always first and Felix is much money will be raised for the
always ranked above Tetsuo? drama club? $877
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

12 ways

3. NEWS Tuan told good news to two 6. PUMPKINS Mr. Greene harvested
friends. They each told three friends, pumpkins for selling at four markets.
and each of their friends told three He sold one-fifth of his crop at the first
friends. How many people had heard market, 40 at the second, 25% of the
good news at this point? 27 people remaining at the third, and twice what
he sold at the second at the forth
market. If Mr. Greene has one pumpkin
remaining, how many pumpkins did he
sell? 184 pumpkins

Course 3 • Chapter 1 Real Numbers 9

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Problem-Solving Practice
Problem-Solving Investigation: The Four Step Plan
Solve.

1. PHOTOGRAPHY Maura has six photos 2. TEAMS There are 5 players on a

that she has taken framed and hanging basketball team. If Evan always plays
in a row on the wall. If she wants to in the point guard position, and
rearrange them so that the middle two Holman always plays in the power
photos stay in place, how many forward position, how many different
different ways can she arrange the ways can the coach arrange Mohe, Alki,
photos? 24 ways and Shahid in the center, small forward,
and off-guard positions? 6 ways

3. MONEY Elaine wants to buy an apple 4. AGES Parvin is older than Jan, who is
that costs $0.55. How many different older than Meg, who is older than
combinations of quarters, nickels, and Laurie, who is older than Vicky, who is
dimes can be used to make $0.55? older than Leslie. How many different
11 combinations ways can they stand in line so that the
youngest person is always first, and the
oldest person is always last?

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
24 ways

5. E-MAILS Nina received two E-mails on 6. MONEY Brian wants to buy a muffin
Monday. Every day after that she that costs $0.80. How many different
received one more than twice as many combinations of nickels and dimes can
as the day before. How many E-mails be used to make $0.80?
did she receive on Thursday? 9 combinations
23 E-mails

10 Course 3 • Chapter 1 Real Numbers

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 5 Homework Practice

Negative Exponents
Write each expression using a positive exponent.
1
−−5
1
−−9
1
−−2 1
1. 8−5 2. 3−9 3. z−2 4. p−4 −−4
8 3 z p

Evaluate each expression.

1 1 1 1
5. (−6)−5 - −−−− 6. 8−4 −−−− 7. 2−9 −−− 8. (−7)−3 - −−−
7,776 4,096 512 343

Write each fraction as an expression using a negative exponent.

1 2-9 1 1 1
9. −− 10. −− 8-2 11. −− e-5 12. −− 7-4
9
2 64 e5 4
7

Simplify. Express using positive exponents.

65 1 1 w3 k−4
13. −−
2
−−3 14. n−2 · n−3 −−5 15. −−−
−1
w4 16. −−
−6
k2
6 6 n w k

17. ROADS A state highway that is 44 miles long runs parallel to a smaller country road
that is 42 miles long. How many times longer than the country road is the state
highway? Write the answer as a number with a positive exponent. 42
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

18. FUNDRAISERS The hospital spent 95 dollars on new medical equipment this year. Last
year, they spent 97 dollars. How many times more money did they spend last year than
this year? 92

19. MEASUREMENT 1 milligram is equal to 10−3 grams. Write this number using a positive
exponent.
1
−−−3
10

20. DISTANCE A long-distance runner runs 25 miles one week and 27 miles the next week.
How many times farther did he run in the second week than in the first week? 22

Course 3 • Chapter 1 Real Numbers 11

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 5 Problem-Solving Practice

Negative Exponents
1. MOTHS A Polyphemus Moth caterpillar 2. WEIGHT The length of one common
1
weighs about −−−2
times less when it termite is about 30−2 meters. Write this
64
first becomes a larva than it does when number using a positive exponent.
1
−−−2 m
it is fully grown. Write this number
30
using a negative exponent. 64−2

3. MONEY The school system spent 38 4. MEASUREMENT The table converts the
dollars on fuel for buses and school size of each measurement to kilograms.
vehicles per week last year. This year, Write each number using a positive
they spent 310 dollars per week. How exponent.
many times more did they spend per 1 1 1
−− , −− , −−
week this year than last year? 32 10 5
10 4
10 2

Amount Amount in Kilograms

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
1 centigram 10-5
1 decigram 10-4
1 dekagram 10-2

5. SCIENCE Electrons are smaller than 6. MONEY A bank loans a new business 67
10-18 meters. Write this number using dollars to get started. If the business
a positive exponent. pays back 65 dollars per year, how many
1 years will it take to pay off the loan?
−−−
18
m
10 Write your answer using a positive
exponent. 62 yr

12 Course 3 • Chapter 1 Real Numbers

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 6 Homework Practice

Scientific Notation
Write each number in standard form.
1. 9.03 × 102 2. 7.89 × 103 3. 4.115 × 105 4. 3.201 × 106
903 7,890 411,500 3,201,000

5. 5.1 × 10-2 6. 7.7 × 10-5 7. 3.85 × 10-4 8. 1.04 × 10-3

0.051 0.000077 0.000385 0.00104

Write each number in scientific notation.

9. 4,400 10. 75,000 11. 69,900,000 12. 575,000,000
4.4 × 103 7.5 × 104 6.99 × 107 5.75 × 108

13. 0.084 14. 0.0099 15. 0.000000515 16. 0.0000307

8.4 × 10-2 9.9 × 10-3 5.15 × 10-7 3.07 × 10-5

17. Which number is greater: 3.5 × 104 or 2.1 × 106? 2.1 × 106

18. Which number is less: 7.2 × 107 or 9.9 × 105? 9.9 × 105
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

19. POPULATION The table lists the populations Country Population

of five countries. List the countries from Australia 2 × 107
least to greatest population. Luxembourg,
Brazil 1.9 × 108
Singapore, Australia, Egypt, Brazil
Egypt 7.7 × 107
Luxembourg 4.7 × 105
Singapore 4.4 × 106

20. SOLAR SYSTEM Pluto is 3.67 × 109 miles from the Sun. Write this
number in standard form. 3,670,000,000 miles

21. MEASUREMENT One centimeter is equal to about 0.0000062 mile. Write

this number in scientific notation. 6.2 × 10-6 mile

22. DISASTERS In 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused over $125 billion in

damage in the southern United States. Write $125 billion in scientific
notation. $1.25 × 1011

Course 3 • Chapter 1 Real Numbers 13

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 6 Problem-Solving Practice

Scientific Notation
1. MEASUREMENT There are about 2. POPULATION In the year 2000, the
25.4 millimeters in one inch. Write this population of Rahway, New Jersey, was
number in scientific notation. 26,500. Write this number in scientific
2.54 × 101 mm notation. 2.65 × 104

3. MEASUREMENT One nanometer is 4. PHYSICS The speed of light is about

1.0 × 10 -5 meter. Write this number in 1.86 × 105 miles per second. Write this
standard notation. 0.000000001 m number in standard notation.
186,000 mi per s

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
5. COMPUTERS A CD can store about 6. SPACE The diameter of the Sun is about
650,000,000 bytes of data. Write this 1.39 × 109 meters. Write this number in
number in scientific notation. standard notation.
6.5 × 108 bytes 1,390,000,000 m

7. BIOLOGY The diameter of a certain 8. MASS The mass of planet Earth is

virus is 0.000000028 meter. Write this about 5.98 × 1024 kilograms. Write this
number in scientific notation. number in standard notation.
2.8 × 10-8 m 5,980,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg

14 Course 3 • Chapter 1 Real Numbers

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 7 Homework Practice

Compute with Scientific Notation
Evaluate each expression. Express the result in scientific notation.
4.62 × 107
1. (7.3 × 108)(2.4 × 103) 2. −−−−−−− 4
1.2 × 10
1.752 × 1012 3.85 × 103

8.64 × 106
3. −−−−−−− 3
4. (5.32 × 108) – (4.6 × 106)
4.32 × 10
2 × 103 5.274 × 108

5. (9.67 × 106) + (3.45 × 105) 6. (4.5 × 103)(1.6 × 105)

7
1.0015 × 10 7.2 × 10 8

7. (2.82 × 109) + (6.3 × 107) 8. (3.64 × 106) – (2.18 × 104)

2.883 × 109 3.6182 × 106

2.144 × 107
9. −−−−−−− 4
10. (7.2 × 107)(1.82 × 102)
3.2 × 10
6.7 × 102 1.3104 × 1010
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

11. (9.8 × 105) – (6.7 × 103) 12. (6.98 × 105) + (1.65 × 107)
9.733 × 105 1.7198 × 107

3.936 × 105
13. (2.46 × 107)(1.78 × 102) 14. −−−−−−− 2
2.4 × 10
4.3788 × 109 1.64 × 103

15. MARS The diameter of Mars is about 6.8 × 103 kilometers. The diameter
of Earth is about 1.2763 × 104 kilometers. About how much greater is
Earth’s diameter than the diameter of Mars? 5.963 × 103 km

16. WAREHOUSE A factory builds a new warehouse that is approximately

1.28 × 105 square feet. Later, they add on 1.13 × 103 more square feet for
offices. Use scientific notation to write the total size of the new building.
1.2913 × 105 ft2

Course 3 • Chapter 1 Real Numbers 15

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 7 Problem-Solving Practice

Compute with Scientific Notation
1. OCEAN Humpback whales are known to 2. MEASUREMENT One inch is equal to
weigh as much as 8 × 104 pounds. The 1.5782 × 10−5 miles. One centimeter is
tiny krill they eat weigh only equal to 6.2137 × 10−6 miles. How
2.1875 × 10−3 pounds. How many times many miles greater is one inch than
greater than krill are humpback one centimeter? 9.5683 × 10−6
whales? about 3.6571 × 107 times miles greater
greater

3. MONUMENT The Statue of Liberty is 4. FUNDRAISER The table shows the

about 1.5108 × 102 feet tall from the amount of money raised by each region
base to the torch. The pedestal is for cancer awareness. How much money
1.54 × 102 feet tall. How tall is the did the North and South raise together?
Statue of Liberty from the foundation of 3.055 × 104 dollars
the pedestal to the top of the torch?
3.0508 × 102 feet Region Amount Raised ($)

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
East 1.46 × 104
North 2.38 × 104
South 6.75 × 103
West 8.65 × 103

5. TURKEYS When the National Wild 6. MONEY A bank starts the day with
Turkey Federation was formed in 1973, 2.93 × 104 dollars in the vault. At the
there were only about 1.3 × 106 wild end of the day, the bank has 3.5 × 105
turkeys in North America. Now there dollars in the vault. How much more
are over 7 × 106 wild turkeys in North money is in the vault at the end of the
America. About how many more day than there was in the morning?
turkeys are there now than there were 3.207 × 105 more dollars
in 1973? 5.7 × 106 more turkeys

16 Course 3 • Chapter 1 Real Numbers

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 8 Homework Practice

Roots
Find each root.
3
1. √
36 6 2. - √
144 -12 3. √
327
−−
64
−−
4
3
4. √
2,744 14

5. ± √
2.25 6. ± 
121
√289
−−− 7. √
-81
−−−
100
8. ± √
0.0025
11
±1.5 ± −− no real solution ±0.05
17
5
9. - √
0.49 -0.7 10. - √
3.24 -1.8 11. - 
25
−−−√441 - −− 12. ± √
361 ±19
21

ALGEBRA Solve each equation. Check your solution(s).

81 9 9
13. h2 = 121 11 or -11 14. 324 = a2 18 or -18 15. x2 = −−− −− or - −−
169 13 13

16. 0.0196 = m2 y=6

17. √ 18. z
√ = 8.4
0.14 or -0.14 36 70.56

19. GARDENING Moesha has 196 pepper plants that she wants to plant
in square formation. How many pepper plants should she plant in
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

each row? 14 plants

20. RESTAURANTS A new restaurant has ordered 64 tables for its outdoor
patio. If the manager arranges the tables in a square formation, how
many will be in each row? 8 tables

GEOMETRY The formula for the perimeter of a square is P = 4s,

where s is the length of a side. Find the perimeter of each square.
21. 22. 23.
Area = Area =
144 square 81 square
inches feet
Area =
324 square
meters

48 in. 36 ft 72 m

Course 3 • Chapter 1 Real Numbers 17

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 8 Problem-Solving Practice

Roots
1. PLANNING Rosy wants a large picture 2. GEOMETRY If the area of a square is
window put in the living room of her 81 square meters, how many meters
new house. The window is to be square long is each side? 9 m
with an area of 49 square feet. How
long should each side of the window
be? 7 ft

3. ART A miniature portrait of George 4. BAKING Cody is baking a square cake

Washington is square and has an area for his friend’s wedding. When served to
of 169 square centimeters. How long is the guests, the cake will be cut into
each side of the portrait? 13 cm square pieces 1 inch on a side. The cake
should be large enough so that each of
the 121 guests gets one piece. How
long should he make each side of
the cake? 11 in.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
5. ART Cara has 196 marbles that she is 6. GARDENING Tate is planning to put a
using to make a square formation. How square garden with an area of
many marbles should be in each 289 square feet in his back yard. What
row? 14 marbles will be the length of each side of the
garden? 17 ft

7. HOME IMPROVEMENT Basil has 324 8. GEOMETRY If the volume of a cube is

square paving stones that he plans to 12,167 cubic inches, what is the length
use to construct a square patio. How of a side of the square? 23 in.
many paving stones will make up the
width of the patio? 18 stones

18 Course 3 • Chapter 1 Real Numbers

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 9 Homework Practice

Estimate Roots
Estimate to the nearest integer.
1. √
38 6 2. √
53 7 3. √
99 10 4. √
227 15

3 3 3 3
5. √
26 3 6. √
214 6 7. √
80 4 8. √
510 8

9. √86.4
 9 10. √
45.2 7 11. √
2
7−
5
3 12. √3
27−
8
5

Order from least to greatest.

13. 8, 10, √61
, √
71 14. √
45 , 9, 6, √63
 50 , 7, √
15. √ 44 , 5
√
61 , 8, √
73 , 10 6, √
45 , √
63 , 9 5, √
44 , 7, √
50

ALGEBRA Estimate the solution of each equation to the

nearest integer.
16. d2 = 61 8 or -8 17. z2 = 85 9 or -9 18. r2 = 3.7 2 or -2

19. GEOMETRY The radius of a cylinder with volume V and height

10 centimeters is approximately 
V
−− √30
. If a can that is 10 centimeters
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

tall has a volume of 900 cubic centimeters, estimate its radius.

about 5 cm

20. TRAVEL The formula s = √18d can be used to find the speed s of
a car in miles per hour when the car needs d feet to come to a complete
stop after slamming on the brakes. If it took a car 12 feet to come to
a complete stop after slamming on the brakes, estimate the speed of
the car. about 15 mph

GEOMETRY The formula for the area of a square is A = s2, where s is

the length of a side. Estimate the length of a side for each square.
21. 22.
Area =
40 square Area =
inches 97 square
feet

6 in. 10 ft

Course 3 • Chapter 1 Real Numbers 19

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 9 Problem-Solving Practice

Estimate Roots
1. GEOMETRY If the area of a square is 2. DECORATING Miki has a square rug
29 square inches, estimate the length in her living room that has an area of
of each side of the square to the nearest 19 square yards. Estimate the length
whole number. 5 in. of a side of the rug to the nearest
whole number. 4 yd

3. GARDENING Ruby is planning to put 4. ALGEBRA Estimate the solution of

a square garden with an area of 200 c2 = 40 to the nearest integer.
square feet in her back yard. Estimate 6 or -6
the length of each side of the garden to
the nearest whole number. 14 ft

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
5. ALGEBRA Estimate the solution of 6. ARITHMETIC The geometric mean of
x2 = 138.2 to the nearest integer. two numbers a and b can be found by
12 or -12 evaluating √
a · b . Estimate the
geometric mean of 5 and 10 to the
nearest whole number. 7

7. GEOMETRY The radius r of a certain 8. GEOMETRY In a triangle whose base

circle is given by r = √
71 . Estimate and height are equal, the base b is
the radius of the circle to the nearest given by the formula b = √ 2A , where
foot. 8 ft A is the area of the triangle. Estimate
to the nearest whole number the base
of this triangle if the area is 17 square
meters. 6 m

20 Course 3 • Chapter 1 Real Numbers

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 10 Homework Practice

Compare Real Numbers
Name all sets of numbers to which the real number belongs.
8
1. -9 rational, 2. √
144 rational, 3. √
35 irrational 4. −− rational
11
integer integer, whole

− 20
5. 9.55 rational 6. 5.3 rational 7. −− rational, 8. - √
44 irrational
5
integer, whole

Replace each with <, >, or = to make a true statement.

2
9. √
8 2.7 > 10. √
15 3.9 < 11. 5 −
5
√
30 <

3 − − 2
12. 2 −− √
5.29 = 13. √
9.8 3.1 > 14. 8.2 8− =
10 9

Order each set of numbers from least to greatest. Verify your answer
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

by graphing on a number line.

− − −−
15. √
10 , √
8 , 2.75, 2.8 16. 5.01, 5.01, 5.01, √
26 17. - √
12 , √13
, -3.5, 3.5
− −− −
2.75, √8
, 2.8, √
10 5.01, 5.01, 5.01, √26
 -3.5, - √
12 , 3.5, √
13
2.75 √⎯ 5.01 5.01 -√⎯12
8 2.8 10
√⎯ -3.5 13
√⎯

2.7 2.8 2.9 3 3.1 3.2 5 5.01 26

√⎯ 5.1 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 3.5 4

18. ALGEBRA The geometric mean of two numbers a and b is √

ab . Find the
geometric mean of 32 and 50. 40

19. ART The area of a square painting is 600 square inches. To the nearest
hundredth inch, what is the perimeter of the painting? 97.98 in.

Course 3 • Chapter 1 Real Numbers 21

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 10 Problem-Solving Practice

Compare Real Numbers
1. GEOMETRY If the area of a square is 33 2. GARDENING Hal has a square garden
square inches, which is greater: the in his back yard with an area of 210
length of a side of the square to the square feet. Which is greater: the length
nearest tenth of an inch or √
40 ? of a side of the garden to the nearest
1
√
40 tenth of a foot or 15 − ?
2
1
15 −
2

3. ALGEBRA Which is greater: the solution 4. ALGEBRA Which is greater: the solution
1 1
of a2 = 21 to the nearest tenth or 4 − ? of b2 = 67.5 to the nearest tenth or 8 − ?
2 3
the solution of a = 21
2 1
8−
to the nearest tenth 3

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
5. ARITHMETIC The geometric mean of two 6. ELECTRICITY In a certain electrical
numbers a and b can be found by circuit, the voltage V across a 20 ohm
evaluating √
ab . Which is greater: the resistor is given by the formula
geometric mean of 4 and 11 to the V = √20P , where P is the power
4
nearest tenth or 6 − ? dissipated in the resistor, in watts.
5
4 Which is greater: the voltage when
6−
5 P = 4 or √90 ?
√
90

7. GEOMETRY The length s of a side of a 8. PETS Alicia and Didia are comparing
cube is related to the surface area A of the weights of their pet dogs. Alicia
1
the cube by the formula s =  √6A
−− . Which reports that her dog weighs 11 −
5
pounds, while Didia says that her dog
is greater: the surface area when
1 weighs √125 pounds. Whose dog
A = 27 or 2 − ? weighs more? Alicia’s
2
1
2−
2

22 Course 3 • Chapter 1 Real Numbers

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 1 Homework Practice

Solve Equations with Rational Coefficients
Solve each equation. Check your work.
1 4 3 15
1. − x = 14 28 2. − w = 24 42 3. − r = −− 2.5
2 7 8 16

5 13 13 3
4. −
7
c = −−
14
−− or 1−− 5. 0.4t = 0.72 1.8 6. 1.8p = 19.8 11
10 10

5 1 4 13 13 1
7. - − y = -− − 8. −− n = - −− -− 9. -5.2 = 0.04m -130
8 2 5 7 14 2

7 1 3
10. -0.8g = 3.36 -4.2 11. -2h = -1.46 0.73 12. - − s = -−
9 3
−
7
Define a variable. Then write and solve an equation for
each situation.
1
13. COOKING Simone peeled 14 potatoes in − hour. At this rate, how
5
many potatoes can Simone peel in one hour? p = number of
1
potatoes peeled in one hour; − p = 14; 70 potatoes
5
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

14. VOTING In the eighth grade, 322 students voted for the new mascot to be
7
a tiger. This was −− of the total number of students in the eighth grade. How
10
many students are in the eighth grade? s = number of
7
students in eighth grade; −− s = 322; 460 students
10

15. BUDGETS Rachel budgeted $76.50 for school clothes. This is 0.45 of her
total budget. How much does Rachel have in her total budget?
b = amount in total budget; 76.50 = 0.45b; $170.00

16. TEMPERATURE Overnight, the temperature dropped 1.3 degrees every

hour. How many hours did it take the temperature to drop 7.8 degrees?
h = number of hours; 1.3h = 7.8; 6 hours

Course 3 • Chapter 2 Equations in One Variable 23

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 1 Problem-Solving Practice

Solve Equations with Rational Coefficients

1. RECYCLING The Swiger family recycles 2. SCHOOL Four-ninths of the students

about 15 pounds of waste a week. at Edison Junior High School walk to
2 school. If 248 students walk to school,
This is − of the total waste for the week.
5
How many pounds of waste does the how many students attend Edison
family produce each week? Junior High School? 558 students
37.5 lbs

3. HEART RATE Melinda’s heart beats 4. SPACE The weight of an object on the
1 Moon is one-sixth its weight on Earth.
15 times during − of a minute. At that
6 If an object weighs 48 pounds on the
rate, how many times does her heart beat
Moon, how much does it weigh on
each minute? 90 beats
Earth? 288 lbs

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
5
5. FINANCIAL LITERACY Candace used − 6. BOOK FINES The library charges $0.15
8
of her savings to buy a $531.25 laptop. a day for each day a book is late. How
How much did she have in savings before many days late is a book if the fine is
purchasing the laptop? $2.10? 14 days
$850

7. DONATIONS Seven-ninths of the 8. TEXTING Josiah’s cell phone plan

weight of food donated by the Art allows for a number of minutes of air
Club is canned goods. The Art Club time for $20.00 a month. Each minute
4 costs $0.02. How many minutes of air
donated 362 − pounds of canned goods.
9 time is he allowed? 1,000 min
How many total pounds did the Art Club
donate? 468 lbs

24 Course 3 • Chapter 2 Equations in One Variable

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 2 Homework Practice

Solve Two-Step Equations
Solve each equation. Check your solution.
1. 3g + 5 = 17 4 2. 9 = 4a + 13 -1 3. 13 = 5m - 2 3

4. -15 = 2t - 11 -2 5. 7k - 5 = -19 -2 6. 13 = 4x -11 6

z n
7. 10 = − +7
2
6 8. 6 + −− = -4
5
-50 9. 4 - 3y = 31 -9

1 r
10. 15 - 2b = -9 12 11. - −
3
y - 6 = -11 15 12. 16 - −
7
= 21 -35

13. 30 = -5d - 5 -7 14. 5 + 3w = 20 5 15. 5 + 8m = -11 -2

16. -18 = 9x - 9 -1 17. 25 = 13 - 4s -3 18. 6a + 6 = -18 -4

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

19. 4y + 5 = 21 4 20. 7p - 3 = 32 5 21. -48 = 5v + 2 -10

k-3 z+5 9+t

22. −−−−
4
= 10 43 23. −−−− = -3
7
-26 24. −−−− = -3
12
-45

25. SHOPPING Mrs. Williams shops at a store that has an annual membership fee of $30.
Today she paid her annual membership and bought several fruit baskets costing $15
each as gifts for her coworkers. Her total was $105. Solve the equation 15b + 30 = 105
to find the number of fruit baskets Mrs. Williams purchased. 5 fruit baskets

26. GAMES A card game has 50 cards. After dealing 7 cards to each player, Tupi has
15 cards left over. Solve the equation 50 - 7p = 15 to find the number of players.
5 players

Course 3 • Chapter 2 Equations in One Variable 25

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 2 Problem-Solving Practice

Solve Two-Step Equations

1. SHOPPING Jenna bought 5 reams of 2. CARS It took Lisa 85 minutes to wash

paper at the store for a total of $21. three cars. She spent x minutes on
The tax on her purchase was $1. each car and 10 minutes putting
Solve 5x + 1 = 21 to find the price for everything away. Solve 3x + 10 = 85
each ream of paper. $4 to find how long it took to wash each
car. 25 min

3. EXERCISE Cole jogged the same 4. MOVING Heather has a collection of

distance on Tuesday and Friday, and 26 mugs. When packing to move, she
8 miles on Sunday, for a total of put the same number of mugs in each
20 miles for the week. Solve 2x + 8 = of the first 4 boxes and 2 mugs in the
20 to find the distance Cole jogged on last box. Solve 4x + 2 = 26 to find the
Tuesday and Friday. 6 mi number of mugs in each of the first
four boxes. 6 mugs

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
5. TELEVISION Burt’s parents allow him 6. TRAVEL Lawrence drives the same
to watch a total of 10 hours of distance Monday through Friday
television per week. This week, Burt commuting to work. Last week,
is planning to watch several two–hour Lawrence drove 25 miles on the
movies and four hours of sports. Solve weekend, for a total of 60 miles for
2x + 4 = 10 to find the number of the week. Solve 5x + 25 = 60 to find
movies Burt is planning to watch this the distance Lawrence drives each
week. 3 movies day commuting to work. 7 mi

7. MONEY McKenna had $32 when she 8. GARDENING Jack has 15 rosebushes.
got to the carnival. After riding He has the same number of yellow,
6 rides, she had $20 left. Solve red, and pink bushes, and
32 - 6x = 20 to find the price for 3 multicolored bushes. Solve 3x +
each ride. $2 3 = 15 to find the number of yellow
rosebushes Jack has.
4 yellow rosebushes

26 Course 3 • Chapter 2 Equations in One Variable

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 3 Homework Practice

Write Two-Step Equations
Translate each sentence into an equation.
1. Three more than eight times a number is equal to 19. 8n + 3 = 19

2. Twelve less than seven times a number is 16. 7n - 12 = 16

3. Four more than twice a number is -10. 2n + 4 = -10

4. Nine less than five times a number is equal to -30. 5n - 9 = -30

Define a variable. Then write and solve an equation to solve each

problem.
5. ART Ishi bought a canvas and 8 tubes of paint for $24.95. If the canvas cost $6.95, how
much did each tube of paint cost?
Let t represent the number of tubes. 6.95 + 8t = 24.95; $2.25 each
6. ENGINEERING The world’s two highest dams are both in Tajikistan. The Rogun dam is
35 meters taller than the Nurek dam. Together they are 635 meters tall. Find the
height of the Nurek dam.
Let n represent the height of the Nurek dam. n + n + 35 = 635; 300 m
7. U.S. PRESIDENTS Use the information at the right. President Age at First
a. If you double President Reagan’s age at the time Inauguration
of his first inauguration and subtract his age at
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

J. Carter 52
the time he died, the result is 45 years. How old R. Reagan 69
was President Reagan when he died?
G. H. W. Bush ?
Let d represent how old President
Reagan was when he died. W. Clinton 46
2(69) - d = 45; 93 years old G. W. Bush 54
b. If you divide the age of the first President Bush
when he was inaugurated by 2 and add 14 years,
you get the age of President Clinton when he was
first inaugurated. How old was President
G. H. W. Bush when he was inaugurated?
Let a represent the age of President
a
G.H.W. Bush. − + 14 = 46; 64 years old
2
8. GEOMETRY Find the value of x in the triangle at
x°
the right. 36 + 2x = 180; 72
36°

9. ALGEBRA Three consecutive integers can be x°

represented by n, n + 1, and n + 2. If the sum
of three consecutive integers is 57, what are
the integers? n + (n + 1) + (n + 2) = 57; 18, 19, and 20
Course 3 • Chapter 2 Equations in One Variable 27
NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 3 Problem-Solving Practice

Write Two-Step Equations
Define a variable. Then write and solve an equation to solve each problem.

1. CONSTRUCTION Carlos is building a 2. GEOMETRY A rectangle has a width of

screen door. The height of the door 6 inches and a perimeter of 26 inches.
is 1 foot more than twice its width. What is the length of the rectangle?
What is the width of the door if it Let x represent the length of the
is 7 feet high? rectangle.
Let x represent the width of 2x + 12 = 26; 7 in.
the door.
2x + 1 = 7; 3 ft

3. EXERCISE Ella swims four times a 4. SHOPPING While at the music store,
week at her club’s pool. She swims Drew bought 5 CDs, all at the same
the same number of laps on Monday, price. The tax on his purchase was $6,
Wednesday, and Friday, and 15 laps and the total was $61. What was the
on Saturday. She swims a total of 51 price of each CD?
laps each week. How many laps does Let x represent the price of
she swim on Monday? each CD.
Let x represent the number of 5x + 6 = 61; $11
laps.
3x + 15 = 51; 12 laps

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
5. STUDYING Over the weekend, Koko 6. FOOD At the market, Meyer buys a
spent 2 hours on an assignment, and bunch of bananas for $0.65 per pound
she spent equal amounts of time and a frozen pizza for $4.99. The total
studying for 4 exams for a total of for his purchase was $6.94, without
16 hours. How much time did she tax. How many pounds of bananas did
spend studying for each exam? Meyer buy?
Let x represent the time she Let x represent the number of
spent studying for each exam. pounds of bananas.
4x + 2 = 16; 3.5 h 0.65x + 4.99 = 6.94; 3 lb

7. HOME IMPROVEMENT Laura is making 8. TAXI A taxi service charges you $1.50
a patio in her backyard using paving plus $0.60 per minute for a trip to the
stones. She buys 44 paving stones and airport. The distance to the airport is
a flowerpot worth $7 for a total of 10 miles, and the total charge is
$73. How much did each paving stone $13.50. How many minutes did the
cost? ride to the airport take?
Let x represent the cost of Let x represent the number of
each paving stone. minutes.
44x + 7 = 73; $1.50 0.60x + 1.50 = 13.50; 20 min

28 Course 3 • Chapter 2 Equations in One Variable

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Homework Practice
Problem-Solving Investigation: Work Backward
Mixed Problem Solving 4. ANALYZE TABLES The table below gives
the results from a poll taken at school
Use the work backward strategy to
about the times in minutes that boys
solve Exercises 1 and 2.
and girls spend using the Internet for
school work and the total time spent
1. TRAVEL Rajiv and his family left home
using the Internet each week.
on a trip and drove for 2 hours before
they stopped to eat. After 1.5 hours, Gender Time Used for Total Time
they were back on the road. They School Work per Week
arrived at their destination 3 hours Boys 33 min 255 min
later at 5:00 P.M. What time did they Girls 72 min 213 min
leave home? 10:30 A.M.
How many more minutes per week do
2. GRADES Kumiko had an average of 92 boys spend using the Internet for
on her first three math tests. Her scores purposes other than school work than
on the second and third tests were 97 girls? 81 min
and 89. What was her score on the
first test? 90

Use any strategy to solve Exercises 3–6.

5. MOVIES The two animated films with
Some strategies are shown below.
the highest box office receipts brought
Problem-Solving Strategies in a total of $775 million. If one film
brought in $97 million more than the
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

• Work backward. other, how much did the film with the
• Look for a pattern. highest receipts bring in?
$436 million
• Choose an operation.

3. BAKING Isabel doubled her recipe for

chocolate chip cookies. After her
6. U.S. PRESIDENTS Harry S. Truman was
brothers ate 8 cookies, she set aside half
elected vice president in 1944. He died
of the remaining cookies for a school
in 1972 at the age of 88. How old was
party. Isabel then gave 2 dozen cookies
he at the time he was elected?
to her neighbor. She had 12 cookies left
60 years old
over. How many cookies does one recipe
make? 40 cookies

Course 3 • Chapter 2 Equations in One Variable 29

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Problem-Solving Practice
Problem-Solving Investigation: Work Backward
Use the work backward strategy to solve each problem.
CLARINET PRACTICE For Exercises 1 and 2, use the table below. It is a record of the
amount of time Elena practiced her clarinet in a week.

Monday Tuesday Thursday Saturday Sunday

? 20 minutes 10 minutes Twice as 15 minutes
more than less than long as less than
Monday Tuesday Thursday Saturday–
45 minutes

1. How many minutes did Elena practice 2. How many minutes did Elena practice
the clarinet on Thursday? on Monday?
30 minutes 20 minutes

3. HOCKEY During a hockey game, 4. PACKAGES In the morning, a delivery

Brandon played 7 less minutes than truck delivers 24 of its packages to a
Nick. Zach played 12 minutes more factory. It then goes to a distribution

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
than Brandon. Hunter played twice as lot, where the remaining packages are
long as Zach. Hunter played for 44 separated into 4 equal groups and put
minutes. How many minutes did Nick on other trucks. There were 18
play in the hockey game? packages in each of the groups. How
17 minutes many packages were on the delivery
truck to begin with? 96 packages

5. WEATHER On Monday, Eliza read her 6. STAMPS Zoe added 23 stamps to her
book. On Tuesday, she read three times collection. Three months later her
as long as she read on Monday. On collection had tripled in number to a
Wednesday she read 20 minutes less total of 159 stamps. How many stamp
than Tuesday. On Thursday she read did Zoe have to start her collection?
for 20 minutes, which was half as long 30 stamps
as she read on Wednesday How many
minutes did Eliza read over the 4-day
period?
2 hours and 20 minutes

30 Course 3 • Chapter 2 Equations in One Variable

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 4 Homework Practice

Solve Equations with Variables on Each Side
Solve each equation. Check your solution.
1. 9m + 14 = 2m -2 2. 13x = 32 + 5x 4 3. 8d - 25 = 3d 5

4. t - 27 = 4t -9 5. 7p - 5 = 6p + 8 13 6. 11z - 5 = 9z + 7 6

7. 12 - 5h = h + 6 1 8. 4 - 7f = f -12 2 9. -6y + 17 = 3y -10 3

10. 3x - 32 = -7x + 28 6 11. 3.2a - 16 = 4a -20 12. 16.8 - v = 6v 2.4

Define a variable, write an equation, and solve to find each number.

13. Fourteen less than five times a number is three times the number.
Let x = a number; 5x - 14 = 3x; 7
14. Twelve more than seven times a number equals the number less six.
Let x = a number; 7x + 12 = x - 6; -3
Write an equation to find the value of x so that each pair of polygons
has the same perimeter. Then solve.
15. 16. Y

Y Y
Y
+
 Y
+
 Y
+

Y
+
 Y
+

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

Y Y Y
+

Y
+

Y
Y
+

3x + 18 = 4x + 10; 8 30x = 10x + 40; 2
Write and solve an equation to solve each exercise.
17. GOLF For an annual membership fee of $500, Mr. Bailey can join a
country club that would allow him to play a round of golf for $35. Without
the membership, the country club charges $55 for each round of golf. How
many rounds of golf would Mr. Bailey have to play for the cost to be the
same with and without a membership?
35r + 500 = 55r; 25 rounds

18. MUSIC Marc has 45 CDs in his collection, and Corinna has 61. If Marc
buys 4 new CDs each month and Corinna buys 2 new CDs each month,
after how many months will Marc and Corinna have the same number
of CDs? 45 + 4m = 61 + 2m; 8 months

Course 3 • Chapter 2 Equations in One Variable 31

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 4 Problem-Solving Practice

Solve Equations with Variables on Each Side
Write and solve an equation to solve each exercise.

1. PLUMBING A1 Plumbing Service 2. EXERCISE Mike’s Fitness Center

charges $35 per hour plus a $25 charges $30 per month for a
travel charge for a service call. membership. All-Day Fitness Club
Good Guys Plumbing Repair charges charges $22 per month plus an
$40 per hour for a service call with no $80 initiation fee for a membership.
travel charge. How long must a After how many months will the total
service call be for the two companies amount paid to the two fitness clubs
to charge the same amount? be the same?
35t + 25 = 40t; 5 h 30t = 22t + 80; 10 months

3. SHIPPING The Lone Star Shipping 4. MONEY Deanna and Lise are playing
Company charges $14 plus $2 a games at the arcade. Deanna started
pound to ship an overnight package. with $15, and the machine she is
Discount Shipping Company charges playing costs $0.75 per game. Lise
$20 plus $1.50 a pound to ship an started with $13, and her machine
overnight package. For what weight is costs $0.50 per game. After how many
the charge the same for the two games will the two girls have the

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
companies? same amount of money remaining?
14 + 2x = 20 + 1.50x; 12 lb 15 - 0.75x = 13 - 0.50x; 8 games

5. MONEY The Wayside Hotel charges 6. COLLEGE Duke is a part-time student

its guests $1 plus $0.80 per minute at Horizon Community College. He
for long distance calls. Across the currently has 22 credits, and he plans
street, the Blue Sky Hotel charges its to take 6 credits per semester until he
guests $2 plus $0.75 per minute for is finished. Duke’s friend Kila is also
long distance calls. Find the length of a student at the college. She has 4
a call for which the two hotels charge credits and plans to take 12 credits
the same amount. per semester. After how many
1 + 0.80x = 2 + 0.75x; 20 min semesters will Duke and Kila have
the same number of credits?
6x + 22 = 12x + 4; 3 semesters

32 Course 3 • Chapter 2 Equations in One Variable

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 5 Homework Practice

Solve Multi–Step Equations
Solve each equation. Check your solution.
1. 5(x - 3) + 2x = 41 8 2. 4a - 3(a - 2) = 2(3a - 2) 2

3. (7t - 2) - (-3t + 1) = -3(1 - 3t) 0 4. 14 - 2(3p + 1) = 6(4 + p) -1

2
5. −
7 ( 7
14q + − - 3q = 9
2 ) 8 6. x - (4x - 7) = 5x - (x + 21) 4

7. BACKPACKING Guido and Raoul each went backpacking in Glacier

National Park. The expressions 4(d + 2) - 2d and 3(2 + d) represent the
respective distances Guido and Raoul hiked each day. On what day
number d will their distance hiking be the same? day 2
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

8. SAVINGS The table at the right shows the savings

Sibling Account Balance
account balance of each of the Alvarez siblings.
Cindy s
a. Write an equation to find the amount of money Petros 2(s + 3)
in Petros’s account if the total of all of their
Nila 4s – 5
accounts is $148.
s + 2(s + 3) + (4s - 5) = 148

b. Solve the equation from part a to find the

amount of money in Petros’s account. $48

9. LAWNS Luisa mows lawns during the summer. She charges $15 if she
cuts the grass but charges $5 more if she also trims the grass. Last week
she trimmed 5 more yards than she cut. If she made $415 last week, how
many yards did she trim? 14 yards

Course 3 • Chapter 2 Equations in One Variable 33

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 5 Problem-Solving Practice

Solve Multi-Step Equations
1. AGES Mel is 3 years older than Rahfat 2. SALES Ye has his own business. He
and Aurelio is twice as old as Mel. The checks his sales receipts three times a
sum of their ages is 57. How old is Mel? day. One day, his afternoon sales were
15 yr $50 more than his morning sales, and
his evening sales were three times his
afternoon sales. If his total sales for the
day were $1,000, what were his evening
sales? $630

3. POLYGONS The triangle and square 4. PRESENTS Torrance is buying presents

shown below have the same perimeter. for members of his family. He wants to
What is the length of one side of the spend $10 less on his brother than he
square? 3 units spends on his sister, and six dollars
more than twice the amount he spends
5x on his sister on his mother. If Torrance
3x x+2
has $100 to spend, how much does he
intend to spend on his brother? $16
4x x+2

5. NUMBERS Pasha is thinking of a 6. SAVINGS Garland put 2b + 3 dollars in

number such that when twice the the bank in the first week. The

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
number is added to three times one following week he doubled the first
more than the number she gets the week’s savings and put that amount in
same result as when she multiplies four the bank. The next week he doubled
times one less than the number. What what was in the bank and put that
number is Pasha thinking about? amount in the bank. If he now has $477
-7 in the bank, how much did he put in
the bank the first week? $53

7. FOOD Nendell saw the following sign at 8. WORK Colby worked three more hours
a diner. If he bought one of each item on Tuesday than he did on Monday. On
and spent $7.50, how much did the Wednesday, he worked one hour more
drink cost? $1.47 than twice the number of hours that he
worked on Monday. If the total number
of hours is two more than five times the
Item Cost ($) number of hours worked on Monday,
Burger 3x + 0.05 how many hours did he work on
Fries x Monday? 2 h
Drink x + 0.10

34 Course 3 • Chapter 2 Equations in One Variable

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 1 Homework Practice

Constant Rate of Change
Determine whether the relationship between the two quantities
described in each table is linear. If so, find the constant rate of
change. If not, explain your reasoning.
1. Fabric Needed for Costumes 2. Distance Traveled on Bike Trip

Number of Costumes 2 4 6 8 Day 1 2 3 4

Fabric (yd) 7 14 21 28 Distance(mi) 21.8 43.6 68.8 90.6
Yes; the rate of change between No; the rate of change from day 1
the amount of fabric and number 43.6 - 21.8
1 to day 2, −−−−−− or 21.8 mi per
of costumes is a constant 3 − yd 2-1
2 day is not the same as the rate of
fabric per costume.
fabric change from day 2 to day
68.8 - 43.6
3, −−−−−− or 25.2 mi per day, so
3-2
the rate of change is not constant.
For Exercises 3 and 4, refer to the graphs below.
Hawk Diving Toward Prey 4. Book Sales
3. 5,000 Z
Z
100
4,000
80
Sales ($)
Altitude (ft.)

3,000
60
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

2,000
40
1,000
20 Y
0
Y 2 4 6 8 10
0 Day
2 4 6 8 10
Time (s)

a. Find the constant rate of change and a. Find the constant rate of change and
interpret its meaning. -10 ft/s; a interpret its meaning.
descent of 10 ft for every $333.33/day; an increase in
second diving toward the prey sales of $333.33 each day
b. Determine whether a proportional b. Determine whether a proportional
linear relationship exists between linear relationship exists between
the two quantities shown in the the two quantities shown in the
graph. Explain your reasoning. No; graph. Explain your reasoning.
the ratios of altitude to time Yes; the ratio of sales to day is
60 a constant $333.33 per day, so
for 3 and 6 seconds are −− or the relationship is
30 3
20 and −− or 5, respectively. proportional.
6
Since these ratios are not the
same, the relationship is not
proportional.
Course 3 • Chapter 3 Equations in Two Variables 35
NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 1 Problem-Solving Practice

Constant Rate of Change
FLOWERS For Exercises 1 and 2, use the LONG DISTANCE For Exercises 3–6, use the
graph that shows the depth of the graph that compares the costs of long
water in a vase of flowers over 8 days. distance phone calls with three
different companies.

Depth of Water in Vase Long Distance Charges

10 y 2.50 y
9
8 2.00 Company A
7
Depth (in.)

6 1.50

Cost ($)
Company B
5
4 1.00
3
2 0.50
1 Company C
x x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Day Length of Call (minutes)

1. Find the rate of change for the line. 2. Interpret the difference between depth
3 in inches and the day as a rate of
-−
4 change. The depth of the water is
3

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
decreasing by − inch each day.
4

3. Interpret the difference between the 4. Interpret the difference between the
cost in dollars and the length in cost in dollars and the length in
minutes for Company A as a rate of minutes for Company B as a rate of
change. 0.25; The cost of a call change. 0.125; The cost of a call
with Company A increases $0.25 with Company B increases
each min. $0.125 each min.

5. Interpret the difference between the 6. Which company charges the least for
cost in dollars and the length in each additional minute? Explain your
minutes for Company C as a rate of reasoning. Company C;
change. 0.05; The cost of a call Company C charges $0.05 for
with Company C increases $0.05 each additional min, while
each min. Companies A and B charge
$0.25 and $0.125, respectively.

36 Course 3 • Chapter 3 Equations in Two Variables

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 2 Homework Practice

Slope
Find the slope of each line.
2 5
1. y − 2. y -1 3. y −
5 2

O x O x
O x

The points given in each table lie on a line. Find the slope of the line.
Then graph the line.
4. x -1 1 3 5 5. x -2 3 8 13 6. x -1 2 5 8
y -2 0 2 4 y -2 -1 0 1 y 3 -1 -5 9
1 4
y 1 y − y -−
8 5 8 3
4 4

x
O x O 4 8 12 16 -8 -4 O 4 8x

-4 -4

-8 -8
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

7. HOMES Find the slope of the roof 8. MOUNTAINS Find the slope of a
of a home that rises 8 feet for every mountain that descends 100 meters for
horizontal change of 24 feet. every horizontal distance of 1,000 meters.
1 1
− - −−
3 10
8 ft 100 m

24 ft 1,000 m

Find the slope of the line that passes through each pair of points.
4
9. A(1, 3), B(4, 7) − 10. C(3, 5), D(2, 6) -1 11. E(4, 0), F(5, 5) 5
3

12. SNOWFALL Use the graph at the right. It shows the depth in feet of
snow after each two-hour period during a snowstorm. Snowfall
y
1 3
a. Find the slope of the line. −
4
b. Does the graph show a constant rate of change? Explain.
Depth (ft)

2
Yes; the slope is the same between each pair
of points. 1
c. If the graph is extended to the right, could you expect the x
slope to remain constant? Explain. No; the storm 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
would eventually stop. Hours

Course 3 • Chapter 3 Equations in Two Variables 37

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 2 Problem-Solving Practice

Slope
1. MOVIES By the end of its first week, a 2. BASKETBALL After Game 1, Felicia had
movie had grossed $2.3 million. By the scored 14 points. After Game 5, she had
end of its sixth week, it had grossed scored a total of 82 points for the
$6.8 million. Graph the data with the season. After Game 10, she had scored
week on the horizontal axis and the 129 points. Graph the data with the
revenue on the vertical axis, and draw a game number on the horizontal axis
line through the points. Then find and and the number of points on the
interpret the slope of the line. vertical axis. Connect the points using
10
two different line segments.
Revenue (millions of dollars)

8
(6, 6.8)
6 160

Number of Points
4 120

2 (1, 2.3) 80

0 2 4 6 8 10 40
Week
0 2 4 6 8 10
0.9; The film earned an average
Game
of $0.9 million dollars per week
for weeks 2–6.
3. BASKETBALL Find the slope of each line 4. GEOMETRY The figure shows triangle

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
segment in your graph from Exercise 2 ABC plotted on a coordinate plane.
and interpret it. Which part of the Explain how to find the slope of the line
graph shows the greater rate of change? through points A and B. Then find the
Explain. 17; Felicia scored an slope.
average of 17 points per game y
for Games 2–5; 9.4; she scored #(2, 4)
an average of 9.4 points per
game for Games 6–10; the first
part; it has a greater slope. O x

"(-3, -2) $(2, -2)

6
Use the slope formula; − .
5

5. Use the figure in Exercise 4. What is 6. Use the figure in Exercise 4. What is
the slope of the line through points A the slope of the line through points B
and C? How do you know? and C? How do you know?
0; The line is horizontal. undefined; you cannot
divide by 0.

38 Course 3 • Chapter 3 Equations in Two Variables

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 3 Homework Practice

Equations in y = mx Form
1. ADVERTISING The number of vehicles a Dealership Sales
80
dealership sells varies directly with the y
money spent on advertising. How many 60
vehicles does the dealership sell for each

Vehicles Sold
$1,000 spent on advertising? 8 vehicles 40

20

x
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Advertising ($1,000's)

2. SNOWMOBILES Bruce rents snowmobiles to tourists. He charges $135 for

4 hours and $202.50 for 6 hours. What is the hourly rate Bruce charges to
rent a snowmobile? $33.75

3. SOLAR ENERGY The power absorbed by a solar panel varies directly with
its area. If an 8 square meter panel absorbs 8,160 watts of power, how
much power does a 12 square meter solar panel absorb? 12,240 watts

4. INSECT CONTROL Mr. Malone used 40 pounds of insecticide to cover

1,760 square feet of lawn and 60 pounds to cover an additional
2,640 square feet. How many pounds of insecticide would Mr. Malone
need to cover his whole lawn of 4,480 square feet? about 101.8 lb
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

Determine whether each linear function is a direct variation. If so,

state the constant of variation.
5. Volume, x 2 4 6 8 6. Gallons, x 5 10 15 20
Mass, y 10 20 30 40 Miles, y 95 190 285 380
yes; 5 yes; 19
7. Time, x 8 9 10 11 8. Age, x 3 6 9 12
Temp, y 68 71 74 77 Height, y 28 40 52 64
no no

ALGEBRA If y varies directly with x, write an equation for the direct

variation. Then find each value.
5
9. If y = -5 when x = 2, find y when x = 8. y = -− x; y = -20
3 2 3
10. Find y when x = 1, if y = 3 when x = 2. y = − x; y = −
2 2
1
11. If y = -7 when x = -21, what is the value of x when y = 9? y=− x; x = 27
5 2 3
12. Find x when y = 18, if y = 5 when x = 4. y = − x; x = 14−
4 5

Course 3 • Chapter 3 Equations in Two Variables 39

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 3 Problem-Solving Practice

Equations in y = mx Form

1. JOBS The amount Candice earns varies 2. MANUFACTURING The number of cars
directly with the number of magazines built varies directly as the number of
she sells. How much does Candice earn hours the production line operates.
for each magazine sale? What is the ratio of cars built to hours
y
of production?
35
y
30 140
25

Number of Cars Built

120
Earnings ($)

20 100
15 80
10 60
5 40
x
20
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
Magazines Sold 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Production Hours
$2.50 per magazine
60 cars built per hour

3. DRIVING A car drives 283.5 miles in 4. MEASUREMENT The number of

4.5 hours. Assuming that the distance kilograms that an object weighs varies
traveled varies directly with the time directly as the number of pounds. If an
traveled, how far will the car travel in object that weighs 45 kilograms weighs
7 hours? about 100 pounds, about how many

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
kilograms is an object that weighs
441 miles 70 pounds?

about 31.5 kilograms

5. RECORDING The amount of cable that 6. GEOMETRY The width of a rectangle

is wound on a spool varies directly varies directly as its length. What is the
with the amount of time that passes. perimeter of a rectangle that is
Determine the speed at which the cable 15 inches long? 42 in.
moves.
y 5 in.
70
60
Cable Length (in.)

50 12.5 in.
40
30
20
10
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Time (s)

30 inches per second

40 Course 3 • Chapter 3 Equations in Two Variables

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 4 Homework Practice

Slope-Intercept Form
State the slope and the y-intercept for the graph of each equation.
1. y = 4x + 1 4; 1 2. y = -3x + 5 -3; 5 3. -x + y = 4 1; 4

5 5 1 1
4. y = − x-3
6
− ; -3 5. y + 3x = -7 -3; -7 6. y = − x+2
5
− ;2
6 5
Graph each equation using the slope and the y-intercept.
2
7. y = -2x + 2 8. y + x = -3 9. 1 = y - − x
3
y y y

y = -2x + 2 y + x = -3

O x O x O x
2
1=y- x
3

10. CAMPING The entrance fee to the national park is $15. y

80
A campsite fee is $15 per night. The total cost y for a 70
camping trip for x nights can be represented by 60
50
the equation y = 15x + 15. 40
30
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

a. Graph the equation. 20

10

b. Use the graph to find the total cost for 4 nights. $75 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x

c. Interpret the slope and the y-intercept.

The slope represents the cost per night of camping;
The y-intercept, 15, represents the one-time
cost of the park entrance fee.
11. GEOMETRY Use the diagram shown. y

80 y = -x + 90
x
60
y
x  y  90 40

a. Write the equation in slope-intercept form. 20

y = -x + 90
O 20 40 60 80 x
b. Graph the equation.

c. Use the graph to find the value of y if x = 30. 60

Course 3 • Chapter 3 Equations in Two Variables 41

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 4 Problem-Solving Practice

Slope-Intercept Form
CAR RENTAL For Exercises 1 and 2, use the following information.
Ace Car Rentals charges $20 per day plus a $10 service charge to rent
one of its compact cars. The total cost can be represented by the equation
y = 20x + 10, where x is the number of days and y is the total cost.
1. Graph the equation. What do the slope 2. Explain how to use your graph to find
and y-intercept represent? The slope the total cost of renting a compact car
is the charge per day, and the for 7 days. Then find this cost.
y-intercept is the service charge. Locate 7 on the x-axis. Find the
y y-coordinate on the graph where the
160 x-coordinate is 7. This value is 150; $150
120
Cost ($)

80
y = 20x + 10
40
x
0 2 4 6 8 10
Number of Days

TRAVEL For Exercises 3 and 4, use the following information.

Thomas is driving from Oak Ridge to Lakeview, a distance of 300 miles.
He drives at a constant 60 miles per hour. The equation for the distance
yet to go is y = 300 - 60x, where x is the number of hours since he left.
3. What is the slope and y-intercept? 4. Explain how to find the total travel
Explain how to use the slope and time. Then find this time.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
y-intercept to graph the equation. Then On the graph, locate the point where
graph the equation. the distance is 0 miles. Then find the
corresponding time; 5 h
y
300
y = 300 - 60x
Distance (mi)

200

100

x
0 1 2 3 4 5
Time (h)

-60; 300; Plot the point (0, 300). Then locate

another point down 60 and right 1. Draw the
line through the points.
5. WEATHER The equation y = 0.2x + 3.5 6. SALARY Janette’s weekly salary can be
can be used to find the amount of represented by the equation
accumulated snow y in inches x hours y = 500 + 0.4x, where x is the dollar
after 5 P.M. on a certain day. Identify total of her sales for the week. Identify
the slope and y-intercept of the graph of the slope and y-intercept of the graph of
the equation and explain what each the equation and explain what each
represents. 0.2; 3.5; the snow is falling at represents. 0.4; 500; Janette’s salary
an average rate of 0.2 inch per hour; there increases $0.40 for each dollar of sales;
were 3.5 inches of accumulated snow at 5 P.M. Janette earns $500 even if she sells nothing.
42 Course 3 • Chapter 3 Equations in Two Variables
 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 5 Homework Practice

Graph a Line Using Intercepts
State the x- and y-intercepts of each function.
3
1. -6x + 8y = 24 2. − x - 6y = 18
4

x-intercept -4; y-intercept 3 x-intercept 24; y-intercept -3

1 1
3. - − x-− y = 12 4. -10x - 10y = -20
4 3

x-intercept -48; y-intercept -36 x-intercept 2; y-intercept 2

1
5. x + y = 1 6. -x - y = −
2
1 1
x-intercept 1; y-intercept 1 x-intercept - −; y-intercept - −
2 2
State the x- and y-intercepts of each function. Then graph the
function.
7. -4x + 2y = -8 8. 6x - 2y = -18
y y
(0, 9)

1 (2, 0) 2
O 1 x (-3, 0) O 2 x
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

(0, -4)

x-intercept 2; y-intercept -4 x-intercept -3; y-intercept 9

9. FARMING Mr. Jeans raises cows and chickens on his farm. y

Altogether, his cows and chickens have 140 legs. This can (0, 70)
be represented by the function 4x + 2y = 140. Graph the
function. Then interpret the x- and y-intercepts.
Sample answer: The x-intercept indicates that he
has 35 cows and no chickens. The y-intercept 10 (35, 0)
indicates that he has 70 chickens and no cows. O 10 x

10. MONEY Monty has a total of $290 in ten dollar and five dollar bills. This can be
represented by the function 10x + 5y = 290. Interpret the x- and y-intercepts.
Sample answer: The x-intercept indicates that he has 29 ten dollar bills
and no five dollar bills. The y-intercept indicates that he has 58 five
dollar bills and no ten dollar bills.

Course 3 • Chapter 3 Equations in Two Variables 43

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 5 Problem-Solving Practice

Graph a Line Using Intercepts
1. FOOTBALL Tyrell plays running back 2. GARDENING Mr. Bigelow’s garden is a
and kicks field goals for his team. He rectangle with dimensions x feet long
scores 6 points for a touchdown and by y feet wide. Its perimeter is 70 feet.
3 points for a field goal. In his last
a. Write a function to represent the
game, he scored 24 points. This can be
perimeter of his garden.
represented by the function
2x + 2y = 70
6x + 3y = 24. Find the x- and
y-intercepts. Interpret the x- and b. What are the x- and y-intercepts of
y-intercepts. x-intercept 4; y-intercept the function?
8; Sample answer: The x-intercept x-intercept 35; y-intercept 35;
indicates that he scored 4 touchdowns
and no field goals. The y-intercept c. Does either intercept make sense as
indicates that he scored 8 field goals a solution for this situation?
and no touchdowns. Explain. no; Sample answer: You
would not have a rectangle if either
of the dimensions is 0.
3. SCHOOL DANCE The sign below 4. CONSTRUCTION Jack bought x picks
indicates the cost of attending the big costing $30 each and y shovels costing
dance. In all, $320 was made. This can $40 each. In all he spent $240.
be represented by the function
2x + 5y = 320. Find the x- and a. Write a function to represent this
y-intercepts. What do they represent? situation. 30x + 40y = 240

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
Dance Ticket Prices
b. What are the x- and y-intercepts of
Fr./Soph. $2 the function?
Jr./Sr. $5 x-intercept 8; y-intercept 6;
x-intercept 160; y-intercept 64; Sample
answer: The x-intercept indicates that c. What do the intercepts represent?
160 freshman/sophomores attended Sample answer: The x-intercept
the dance and that no juniors/seniors indicates that he bought 8 picks
did. The y-intercept indicates that and no shovels. The y-intercept
64 juniors/seniors attended the dance indicates that he bought 6 shovels
and that no freshman/sophomores did. and no picks.

5. BRICKS Jarrod is putting in a sidewalk using two different style bricks. One style brick
is 8 inches long and he intends to use x of these bricks. The other style brick is
6 inches long and he intends to use y of these. His sidewalk is to be 288 inches long.

a. Write a function to represent this situation. 8x + 6y = 288

b. What are the x- and y-intercepts of the function? What do they represent?
Sample answer: The x-intercept indicates that he used only 8 inch bricks to build
his sidewalk. The y-intercept indicates that he used only 6 inch bricks to build
his sidewalk.

44 Course 3 • Chapter 3 Equations in Two Variables

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Homework Practice
Problem-Solving Investigation: Guess, Check, and Revise
Mixed Problem Solving
For Exercises 1 and 2, solve using the
guess, check, and revise strategy.
1. NUMBER THEORY A number is squared 5. STATES Of the 50 United States, 14 have
and the result is 676. Find the coastlines on the Atlantic Ocean, 5 have
number. 26 or -26 coastlines on the Gulf of Mexico, and
one state has coastlines on both. How
many states do not have coastlines on
either the Atlantic Ocean or the Gulf of
Mexico? 32 states

2. CRAFTS Sabrina has 12 spools of ribbon. 1

6. TIME Melissa spent 7 − minutes of the
2
Each spool has either 3 yards of ribbon, last hour downloading songs from the
5 yards of ribbon, or 8 yards of ribbon. If Internet. What percent of the last hour
Sabrina has a total of 68 yards of did she spend downloading songs?
ribbon, how many spools of each length 12.5%
of ribbon does she have?
3-yard: 2 spools; 5-yard: 6
spools; 8-yard: 4 spools
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

Use any strategy to solve Exercises 3–7.

3. NUMBERS Among all pairs of whole 7. VOLUNTEERING Greg helps his mother
numbers with product 66, find the pair deliver care baskets to hospital patients
with the smallest sum. 6 and 11 each Saturday. Last Saturday at noon
they had three times as many baskets
left to deliver as they had already
delivered. If they were delivering a total
of 64 baskets that day, how many had
they delivered by noon? 16 baskets

4. SHOPPING You are buying a jacket that

costs $69.95. If the sales tax rate is
7.75%, would it be more reasonable to
expect the sales tax to be about $4.90 or
$5.60? $5.60

Course 3 • Chapter 3 Equations in Two Variables 45

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Problem-Solving Practice
Problem-Solving Investigation: Guess, Check, and Revise
Use the guess, check, and revise strategy to solve each problem.
SKATES For Exercises 1 and 2, use the information below. It shows
the income a sporting goods store received in one week for
skate sharpening.

Skate Sharpening Income for Week 6

Cost to Sharpen Cost to Sharpen Total Pairs of Total Income
Hockey Skates Figure Skates Skates Sharpened from Skate
Sharpening
$6 a pair $4 a pair 214 $1,096

1. How many pairs of hockey skates and 2. How much more did the sporting goods
figure skates were sharpened during store earn sharpening hockey skates
the week? 94 pairs of figure than figure skates?
skates and 120 pairs of hockey $344 more
skates

3. FIELD TRIP At the science museum, the 4. NUMBERS Mr. Wahl is thinking of two
laser light show costs $2 and the numbers. The sum of the numbers is 27.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
aquarium costs $1.50. On a class field The product of the numbers is 180.
trip, each of the 30 students went to What two numbers is Mr. Wahl
either the laser light show or the thinking of?
aquarium. If the teacher spent exactly 12 and 15
$51 on tickets for both attractions, how
many students went to each attraction?
18 students attended the
aquarium and 12 attended the
laser light show
5. READING MARATHON Mrs. Johnson’s 6. REWARDS The soccer coaches bought
class broke the school reading record by gifts for all their soccer players. Gifts
reading a total of 9,795 pages in one for the girls cost $4 each and gifts for
month. Each student read a book that the boys cost $3 each. There were 32
was either 245 pages or 360 pages. If 32 more boy soccer players than girl soccer
students participated in the reading players. If the coaches spent a total of
marathon, how many students read $411 on gifts for their players, how
each book? many boys and girls played soccer?
15 students read the 245-page 45 girls and 77 boys
book and 17 students read the
360-page book

46 Course 3 • Chapter 3 Equations in Two Variables

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 6 Homework Practice

Write Linear Equations

Write an equation in point-slope form and slope-intercept form for each line.
1. passes through (-5, 6), slope = 3 2. passes through (6, -6), slope = 5
y - 6 = 3(x + 5) y + 6 = 5(x - 6)
y = 3x + 21 y = 5x - 36

3. passes through (0, 1) and (2, 5) 4. passes through (-5, 9) and (1, 3)
y - 5 = 2(x - 2) y - 9 = -1(x + 5)
y = 2x + 1 y = -x + 4

5. passes through (1, -1) and (2, 0) 6. passes through (-3, -5), slope = 2
y + 1 = 1(x - 1) y + 5 = 2(x + 3)
y=x-2 y = 2x + 1

Write the point-slope form of an equation for each line graphed.

7. y 8. y
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-4-3 -2 O 1 2 3 4x
y - 1 = 4(x) -4-3 -2 O 1 2 3 4x
y = -1(x + 3)
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4

9. TEMPERATURE The table shows the temperature

Hour Temperature
at certain hours. Assuming the temperature change (°F)
is linear, write an equation in point-slope form to
1 35
represent the temperature y at x hour.
y - 35 = 4(x - 1) 2 39

10. SPEED After 2 hours, a car travels 70 miles. After 2.25 hours in the same
trip, the car travels 78.75 miles. Write an equation in point-slope form to
represent the distance y of the car after x hours.
y - 70 = 35(x - 2)

Course 3 • Chapter 3 Equations in Two Variables 47

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 6 Problem-Solving Practice

Write Linear Equations
1. BANQUETS The Soccer Banquet 2. CONCERT The cost for one ticket to a
committee has found that 2 trays of jazz concert is $7.50. Two tickets cost
lasagna will serve 15 people and 4 trays $15. Write an equation in point-slope
of lasagna will serve 30 people. Write form to represent the total cost y for
an equation in point-slope form to x tickets.
represent the number of people y that y - 7.50 = 7.50(x - 1)
can be served with x trays of lasagna.
15
y - 15 = −− (x - 2)
2

3. TENNIS The table shows the cost of 4. DOWNLOADS It took 35 seconds for
tennis lessons. Write an equation in 5 songs to download to Rebecca’s
point-slope form to represent the computer. The next day, it took
cost y of x tennis lessons. 42 seconds for 6 songs to download.
Write an equation in point-slope form
Number of Cost ($) to represent the time y it took to
Lessons download x songs.
5 100

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
y - 35 = 7(x - 5)
10 150

y - 5 = 10(x - 100)

5. TRAVEL After 3 hours of driving, Elyse is 183 miles away from home. After 5 hours
of driving, she is 305 miles from home. Write an equation in point-slope form to
determine her distance y from home after x hours.

y - 183 = 61(x - 3)

48 Course 3 • Chapter 3 Equations in Two Variables

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 7 Homework Practice

Solve Systems of Equations by Graphing
Solve each system of equations by graphing.
1. y = 3x + 4 2. y = 10 + 6x
y = -x - 4 (-2, -2) y = 6x no solution
y y
y = 10 + 6x
y = 3x + 4

y = 6x
O x O x

(-2, -2) y = -x - 4

Write and solve a system of equations that represents each situation.

Interpret the solution.
m
3. BASKETBALL Alonzo and Miguel scored a total of 54 points in 56 r + m = 54
the basketball game. Miguel scored four more points than
Alonzo. r + m = 54 and m = r + 4; (25, 29); 40
(25, 29)
Miguel scored 29 and Alonzo scored 25. 24

8 m=r+4
r
O 4 12 20 28

4. AGES Morgan is 15 years younger than Mrs. Santos. s

Their combined age is 44. m + s = 44 and

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

56
1 m + s = 44
m = s - 15; (29.5, 14.5); Morgan is 14 − 40
1 2
and Mrs. Santos is 29 − . 24 (29.5, 14.5)
2 m = s + 15
8
O 4 12 20 28 m

5. ANIMALS The total number of cats and dogs at the shelter is 125. c
There are 5 more cats than dogs. c = 125 - d and 140
c = 125 - d
c = d + 5; (60, 65); 60 dogs and 65 cats.
100

60 (60, 65)

20 c=d+5 d
6. PING-PONG Jenny won the ping-pong championship eight more O 10 30 50 70
times than Gerardo. They have won a combined total of
32 championships. j + g = 32 and j = g + 8; (12, 20); j
Jenny has won 20 and Gerardo has won 12. 56
j=g+8
40
(12, 20)
24 j + g = 32
8
O 4 12 20 28 g

Course 3 • Chapter 3 Equations in Two Variables 49

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 7 Problem-Solving Practice

Solve Systems of Equations by Graphing
Write and solve a system of equations that represents each situation.
Interpret the solution.
1. PROFIT Mr. Blackwell’s company 2. JEWELRY Julie has 81 pieces of jewelry.
produces nuts and bolts. The total She has twice as many earrings as she
monthly profit for his company was has necklaces.
$76,378. The profit earned from nuts x + y = 81 and y = 2x;
was $3,428 more than the profit earned 27 necklaces and 54 earrings
from bolts. 80
y
x + y = 81
x + y = 76,378 and y = x + 3,428; $36,475 70
profit from bolts and $39,903 profit from nuts 60
50 (27, 54)

Earrings
y 40
64,000 x + y = 76,378
56,000 30
48,000 20 y = 2x
40,000 (36,475, 39,903) 10
Bolts

32,000
24,000 O x
16,000 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
y = x + 3,428
8,000
Necklaces
O x
31,000
32,000
33,000
34,000
35,000
36,000
37,000
38,000

Nuts

3. REFRESHMENTS The seventh grade class 4. SANDWICHES The hamburger shop sells
supplied bags of snacks and beverages 500 sandwiches each day. They sell
for the school dance. They supplied 100 more hamburgers than they do

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
19 more beverages than bags of snacks. chicken sandwiches.
The dance was supplied with a total y
x + y = 500 and 900 y = x + 100
of 371 items. 400
y
y = x + 100; 800
x + y = 371 700
350 200 chicken x + y = 500
600
Hamburgers

y = x + 19 and 300 y = x + 19 sandwiches and 500

Beverages

x + y = 371; 250 400

195 beverages
200 (176, 195) 300 hamburgers 300 (200, 300)
150 200
and 176 snacks 100 100
50 O x
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900

O x
100
150
200
250
300
350
400

Sandwiches
50

Snacks

5. DOGS Arnold’s dog weighs 10 pounds 6. STUDENTS There are 26 students in

less than twice his brother’s dog. The Mrs. Ortlieb’s class. There are two more
dogs’ combined weight is 50 pounds. boys than girls.
y = 2x - 10 and y x + y = 26 and y
y = 2x - 10 32
x + y = 50; 56
y = x + 2; 28 x + y = 26
Brother’s Dog (lbs)

Arnold’s dog 12 girls and 24

weighs 30 40 14 boys 20
Boys

(20, 30) 16
(12, 14)
pounds 24 12
and his brother’s 8
8 x + y = 50 4 y=x+2
dog weighs
x O x
20 pounds. O
4 12 20 28 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Arnold’s Dog (lbs) Girls

50 Course 3 • Chapter 3 Equations in Two Variables

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 8 Homework Practice

Solve Systems of Equations Algebraically
Solve each system of equations algebraically.
1. y = x + 2 2. y = -x 3. y = -x - 4
y = -3x y = -7x y=x

(− −12 , −32 ) (0, 0) (−2, −2)

4. y = x - 6 5. y = x + 5 6. y = x - 4
y = 2x y = -2x y = 2x

(−6, −12)
3)
(− −53 , −−
10
(−4, −8)
7. y = -x - 14 8. y = x + 20 9. y = -x - 3
y = -8x y = 6x y = 3x

(2, −16) (4, 24) (− −34 , − −94 )

Write and solve a system of equations that represents each situation. Interpret
the solution.
10. MONEY Neil has a total of twelve $5 and $10 bills in his wallet. He has
5 times as many $10 bills as $5 dollar bills. How many of each does he have?
Let f = the number $5 bills and t = the number of $10 bills;
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

t = 5f , f + t = 12; ten $10 bills, two $5 bills

11. HAYRIDE Hillary and 23 of her friends went on a hayride. There are
8 more boys than girls on the ride. How many boys and girls were on
the ride? Let b = the number of boys and g = the number
of girls; b = g + 8, b + g = 24; 16 boys, 8 girls

12. DRIVING Winston drove a total of 248 miles on Monday. He drove

70 fewer miles in the morning than he did in the afternoon. How many miles
did he drive in the afternoon? Let m = the number of miles in
the morning and a = the number of miles in the afternoon;
m = a − 70 , m + a = 248; 178 mi

Course 3 • Chapter 3 Equations in Two Variables 51

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 8 Problem-Solving Practice

Solve Systems of Equations Algebraically
1. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a rectangle 2. WOOD Mildred cut a 9 foot board into
is 36 meters. The length of the two pieces. The long piece is twice as
rectangle is 4 meters longer than the long as the short one. How long is the
width. Find the length and width of the short piece?
rectangle. 3 ft
11 m, 7 m

3. SWIMMING POOLS Victor’s swimming 4. FALL Julio bought a total of 20 medium

pool holds 3,000 gallons. He filled the and large pumpkins. If he spent $53
pool using two hoses. The larger hose and bought 6 more large pumpkins as
filled the pool four times as fast as the medium pumpkins, how many large
smaller one. How many gallons of water pumpkins did he buy? 13 large
came from the smaller hose? 600 gal pumpkins

Pumpkins
Large - $3
Medium - $2
Small - $1

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
5. MUSIC Mr. Winkle downloaded 34 more 6. BAND The seventh and eighth grade
songs than Mrs. Winkle downloaded. bands held a joint concert. Together
Together they downloaded 220 songs. there were 188 band members. If the
How many songs did each download? eighth grade band is 3 times as big as
127 songs, 93 songs the seventh grade band, how big is the
eighth grade band?
141 members

7. WORK Amal worked a total of 30 hours 8. RAIN During the months of August and
last week. On Saturday and Sunday he September the total rainfall was
worked 5 times as many hours than he 6.2 inches. If the rainfall in August was
worked the rest of the week. How many 0.6 inch more than the amount of
hours did he work the rest of the week? rainfall in September, how much rain
5 hours fell in each month? 3.4 inches in
August, 2.8 inches in September

52 Course 3 • Chapter 3 Equations in Two Variables

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 1 Homework Practice

Representing Relationships
1. PRODUCTION A manufacturer produces 950 light bulbs Days, d Bulbs, b
per day.
1 950
a. Write an equation to find the number of bulbs b the 2 1,900
manufacturer makes in any number of days d. 3 2,850
b = 950d 4 3,800
b. Use the equation to determine how many bulbs the
manufacturer will make in 25 days.
23,750 bulbs
2. WATER The workers at a plant drink 38 gallons of Days, d Gallons, g
water per day.
1 38
a. Write an equation to find the number of gallons g 2 76
the workers drink in any number of days d. 3 114
g = 38d
4 152
b. Use the equation to determine how many gallons of
water the workers will drink in 30 days. 1,140 gal
3. ALLOWANCE Chet gets $12 per week as allowance.
a. Write an equation to find the amount of allowance a
192
Chet receives in any number of weeks w. a = 12w 168

Allowance ($)
144
b. Make a table to find the amount of allowance Chet
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

120
receives in 5, 6, 7, or 8 weeks. Then graph the
96
ordered pairs. 72
48
Weeks, w Allowance, a 24
0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
6 $72 Weeks
7 $84
8 $96
4. MEASUREMENT There are 16 ounces in a pound.
a. Write an equation to find the number of ounces n
128
in any number of pounds p. n = 16p 112
b. Make a table to find the number of ounces in 2, 3, 96
Ounces

80
4, or 5 pounds. Then graph the ordered pairs.
64
48
Pounds, p Ounces, n
32
2 32 16

3 48 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
4 64 Pounds

5 80
Course 3 • Chapter 4 Functions 53
NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 1 Problem-Solving Practice

Representing Relationships

1. MEASUREMENT Use the table to write 2. TOOLS The table shows the total cost
an equation to find the number of for a band saw and extra blades. Write
inches i in any number of meters m. an equation to find the total cost c of a
Use the equation to find the number band saw with any number of extra
of inches in 9 meters. blades e. Use the equation to find the
i = 39m; 351 in. cost of a band saw with 10 extra blades.
Meters, m Inches, i c = 150 + 4e; $190
1 39 Number of Total
2 78 Extra Blades Cost ($)
3 117 0 150
4 156 1 154
2 158
3 162

3. AQUARIUM An aquarium costs $85 4. SALES A florist sells roses by the dozen.
plus $2 per fish. Write an equation to Write an equation to find the total
find the cost c of an aquarium plus cost c of r dozens of roses. c = 20r
any number of fish f. Make a table to (5, 100)
find the cost of an aquarium plus 3, 4, 90
5, or 6 fish. 80 (4, 80)
c = 85 + 2f
Total Cost of Roses

70
(3, 60)

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
60
Fish, f Cost, c 50
3 $91 40 (2, 40)
30
4 $93 20 (1, 20)
5 $95 10

6 $97 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Number of Dozens

5. BOATING Boat rentals are $50 plus $4 6. SWIMMING Private swimming lessons
per hour. Write an equation to find cost $30 per visit plus $3 per child in
the total cost c to rent a boat for any the group. Write an equation to find
number of hours h. Make a table to the total cost t of a swimming lesson
find the cost of renting a boat for 4, 5, for any number of children c. Make a
6, or 7 hours. table to find the cost of a lesson for
c = 50 + 4h 1, 2, 3, or 4 children.
Hours, h Cost, c
4 66 Number of Children Cost ($)
5 70 1 33
6 74 2 36
7 78 3 39
4 42

54 Course 3 • Chapter 4 Functions

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 2 Homework Practice

Relations
Name the ordered pair for each point. 2
y
B
1. A (-1−12 , −12 ) 2. B (1, 1−12 ) A
1
D

-2 -1 O 1 2x
3. C ( 2)
1
- 1, - 1− 4. D (2, 1) -1

C -2

y
Graph each ordered pair on a coordinate plane. (- 1 , 2) 2
2
( 2)
1
5. 1, − 6. (1, −2) 1
(1, 1 )
2
-2 -1 O 1 2x

(1
7. − − ,2
2 ) ( 1
8. 2, − −
2 ) -1 (2, - 1 )
2
-2 (1, -2)

Express the relation as a table and a graph. Then state

the domain and range.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

y
9. {(3, −4), (2, 0), (−4, −1), (0, −3)} x y
domain: {-4, 0, 2, 3} 3 -4
range:{-4, -3, -1, 0} 2 0
O x
-4 -1
0 -3

10. TELEVISION Alton pays $48 per month x y 200

for satellite television service.
Cost of Television ($)

1 48 175
150
a. Make a table of ordered pairs in 2 96 125
which the x-coordinate represents 3 144 100
the number of months and the 75
4 192 50
y-coordinate represents the total
25
cost for 1, 2, 3, or 4 months.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
b. Graph the ordered pairs. Months

Course 3 • Chapter 4 Functions 55

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 2 Problem-Solving Practice

Relations

1. MONEY The Happy Place charges 2. Graph the ordered pairs from
$30 per hour for parties. Make a table Exercise 1 and state the domain and
of ordered pairs in which the range.
x-coordinate represents the hours and
the y-coordinate represents the total 160
cost for 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours. 140
120
x y

Cost ($)
100
80
2 60 60
3 90 40
20
4 120
5 150 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Hours
domain: {2, 3, 4, 5} range: {60, 90, 120, 150}
3. CAR RENTALS The ABC Car Rental 4. PRODUCE A company that sells
Company charges a flat rate $58 per produce fills 350 boxes of squash per
day. Make a table of ordered pairs in day. Make a table of ordered pairs in
which the x-coordinate represents the which the x-coordinate represents the
number of days and the y-coordinate number of days and the y-coordinate
represents the total cost for 1, 3, 5, represents the number of boxes filled
and 7 days. in 1, 2, 3, and 4 days.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
x y x y
1 58 1 350
3 174 2 700
5 290 3 1,050
7 406 4 1,400
5. Graph the ordered pairs from 6. BABIES Shaqueem’s baby brother drinks
Exercise 4 and state the domain and 4 ounces of formula every 3 hours.
range. Make a table of ordered pairs in
which the x-coordinate represents the
1,400 number of hours and the y-coordinate
represents the total number of ounces
Number of Boxes

1,050
in 3, 6, 9, and 12 hours.
700
x y
350 3 4
6 8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 12
Days
domain: {1, 2, 3, 4} range: {350, 700, 1,050, 1,400} 12 16

56 Course 3 • Chapter 4 Functions

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 3 Homework Practice

Functions
Find each function value.
1. f(6) if f(x) = 4x 24 2. f(8) if f(x) = x + 11 19 3. f(3) if f(x) = 2x + 4 10

4. f(5) if f(x) = 3x - 2 5. f(-6) if f(x) = 4x + 7 6. f(-14) if f(x) = 2x - 3

13 -17 -31
1
(9)
2
7. f − 1
if f(x) = 3x + − 13 (4)
3
8. f − 1
if f(x) = 2x - −
4
1−
4 (5)
4
9. f − 1
if f(x) = 4x - −
5
3

Choose four values for x to make a function table for each function.
Then state the domain and range of the function.
10. f(x) = 5x - 4 11. f(x) = 2 - 3x 12. f(x) = 6 + 2x
Sample answer: Sample answer: Sample answer:
x 5x - 4 f(x) x 2 - 3x f(x) x 6 + 2x f(x)
-4 5(-4) - 4 -24 -3 2 - 3(-3) 11 -3 6 + 2(-3) 0
-1 5(-1) - 4 -9 0 2 - 3(0) 2 -1 6 + 2(-1) 4
3 5(3) - 4 11 2 2 - 3(2) -4 1 6 + 2(1) 8
6 5(6) - 4 26 5 2 - 3(5) -13 4 6 + 2(4) 14
Domain: {-4, -1, 3, 6} Domain: {-3, 0, 2, 5} Domain: {-3, -1, 1, 4}
Range: {-24, -9, 11, 26} Range: {-13, -4, 2, 11} Range: {0, 4, 8, 14}
13. f(x) = x - 7 14. f(x) = 9x 15. f(x) = 3x + 5
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

Sample answer: Sample answer: Sample answer:

x x-7 f(x) x 9x f(x) x 3x + 5 f(x)
-3 -3 - 7 -10 -6 9(-6) -54 -5 3(-5) + 5 -10
-2 -2 - 7 -9 -4 9(-4) -36 -1 3(-1) + 5 2
5 5-7 -2 1 9(1) 9 2 3(2) + 5 11
10 10 - 7 3 3 9(3) 27 6 3(6) + 5 23
Domain: {-3, -2, 5, 10} Domain: {-6, -4, 1, 3} Domain: {-5, -1, 2, 6}
Range: {-10, -9, -2, 3} Range: {-54, -36, 9, 27} Range: {-10, 2, 11, 23}
16. JACKETS The school baseball team wants to have each player’s name
imprinted on the player’s jacket. The cost is $75 plus $8.50 for each name.
Write a function to represent the cost c(n) for n names. What is the cost to
have names imprinted on 25 jackets? c(n) = $75 + $8.50n; $287.50
17. LEMONADE Gene sold 10 glasses of lemonade while setting up his
lemonade stand. After opening, he sold an average of 20 glasses each hour.
Write a function to represent the approximate number of glasses g(h) sold
after h hours. About when did he sell the 100th glass of lemonade?
g(h) = 20h + 10; 4.5 hours after opening

Course 3 • Chapter 4 Functions 57

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 3 Problem-Solving Practice

Functions

1. JOBS Strom works as a valet at the 2. PLUMBING Rico’s Plumbing Service

Westside Mall. He makes $48 per day charges $80 for a service call plus
plus $1 for each car that he parks. $65 per hour for labor. The total
The total amount that Strom earns in charge can be found using the
one day can be found using the function f(x) = 65x + 80, where x
function f(x) = x + 48, where x represents the number of hours of
represents the number of cars that labor. Make a function table to show
Strom parked. Make a function table the total amount that Rico’s Plumbing
to show the total amount that Strom Service charges if a job takes 1 hour,
makes in one day if he parks 25 cars, 2 hours, 3 hours, and 4 hours.
30 cars, 35 cars, and 40 cars.
x 65x + 80 f(x)
x x + 48 f(x) 1 65(1) + 80 $145
25 25 + 48 $73 2 65(2) + 80 $210
30 30 + 48 $78 3 65(3) + 80 $275
35 35 + 48 $83 4 65(4) + 80 $340
40 40 + 48 $88

3. GEOMETRY The perimeter of an 4. HEALTH CLUB Courtney belongs to a

equilateral triangle equals 3 times health club that charges a monthly

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
the length of one side. Write a fee of $20, plus $85 to join. Write a
function using two variables for this function to represent her costs. How
situation. Find the perimeter of an much has she paid after six months?
equilateral triangle with sides f(m) = 20m + 85; $205
18 inches.
Sample answer: p(s) = 3s; 54

5. LIBRARY FINES The amount that 6. LIBRARY FINES Explain how to find the
Sunrise Library charges for an amount of the fine the library in
overdue book is $0.25 per day plus a Exercise 5 will charge for a book that
$1 service charge. Write a function is overdue by 12 days. Then find the
using two variables for this situation. amount.
Sample answer: f(d) = 0.25d + 1 Sample answer: Replace d in
the function f(d) = 0.25d + 1
with 12 and simplify the right
side; $4.00

58 Course 3 • Chapter 4 Functions

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 4 Homework Practice

Linear Functions
Graph each function.
1. y = 2x 2. y = -4x 3. y = x - 4
y y y

y = 2x y = -4x y=x-4

O x O x O x

1
4. y = x + 3 5. y = 3x + 1 6. y = − x+2
4
y y y

y=x+3
O x O x O x
y = 1x + 2
y = 3x + 1 4
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

7. CARPENTRY Mrs. Valdez can assemble a chair in 1 day y

1
and a table in 4 days. Graph the function y = 5 - − x
4
to determine how many of each type of furniture 5
Mrs. Valdez can assemble in 20 days. Is the function 4
Tables

continuous or discrete? Explain. 3

2
Sample answer: 20 chairs and 0 tables, or 1
16 chairs and 1 table, or 12 chairs and 2 x
tables, or 8 chairs and 3 tables, or 4 chairs 0 4 8 12 16 20
Chairs
and 4 tables, or 0 chairs and 5 tables; discrete;
She cannot assemble partial furniture.
8. FITNESS A fitness center has set a goal to have y
500 members. The fitness center already has 150 members 600
Membership

and adds an average of 25 members per month. The 500

function f(x) = 150 + 25x represents the membership 400
after x months. Graph the function to determine the 300
200
number of months it will take for the fitness center to
100
reach its membership goal. Is the function continuous x
or discrete? Explain. 0 3 6 9 12 15 18
14 months; discrete; There cannot be partial Months
members.

Course 3 • Chapter 4 Functions 59

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 4 Problem-Solving Practice

Linear Functions

1. FUEL CONSUMPTION The function 2. HOTELS The function c = 0.5m + 1

d = 18g describes the distance d that describes the cost c in dollars of a
Rick can drive his truck on g gallons of phone call that lasts m minutes made
gasoline. Graph this function. Why is it from a room at the Shady Tree Hotel.
sufficient to graph this function in the Graph the function. Use the graph to
upper right quadrant only? How far can determine how much a 7-minute call
Rick drive on 2.5 gallons of gasoline? will cost. $4.50
100 d 5.00 c
Neither the
80 distance 4.00
nor the
Distance (mi)

60 3.00

Cost ($)
number of
40 d = 18g gallons of 2.00
c = 0.5m + 1
20
gasoline 1.00
g
can be m
0 2 4 6 8 10 negative; 0 2 4 6 8 10
Gasoline (gal) 45 mi. Length of Call (min)

3. A computer store charges $45 for 4. GIFTS Jonah received $300 in cash
materials and $50 an hour for service gifts for his fourteenth birthday. The
to install two new programs and a function y = 300 - 25x describes the
connection. The cost C(h) is a function amount y remaining after x weeks if

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
of the number of hours h it takes Jonah spends $25 each week. Graph
to do the job. Graph the function the function and determine the
C(h) = 45 + 50h. How much will a amount remaining after 9 weeks. $75
3-hour installation cost? $195 y
Amount Remaining ($)

300 y 400
250
200 300
Cost ($)

150
y = 300 - 25x
100 200
50
x 100
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Hour x
0 4 8 12 16
Week

5. GIFTS Explain how you can use your 6. Ron got a cell phone rate of C(a) =
graph in Exercise 4 to determine 0.22 + 0.10a. Graph the cost per minute.
during which week the amount How much will a five-minute call cost?
remaining will fall below $190. Then 80 y $0.72
find the week. Find the point on 70
Rate (¢)

60
the graph corresponding to 190 on 50
the vertical axis. This point lies 40
between 4 and 5 on the horizontal 30
x
axis. The amount falls below $190 0 1 2 3 4 5
during the fifth week. Minutes

60 Course 3 • Chapter 4 Functions

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Homework Practice
Problem-Solving Investigation: Make a Table

Mixed Problem Solving Use any strategy to solve Exercises 3–5.

Use the make a table strategy to solve 3. ART FAIR At the art fair, 95 artists
Exercises 1 and 2. exhibited their work. Of those 95 artists,
25 showed sculptures and 48 showed
1. LIZARDS Biologists recorded the number
paintings. If 12 showed both sculptures
of lizards and scorpions they found in
and paintings, how many artists showed
the desert each month. In which month
only sculptures or paintings?
can they expect to find the same
49 artists
number of lizards and scorpions?
7th month

Number of Number of
Month Lizards Scorpions 4. BABY ELEPHANT The table shows the
Found Found
weight increase of a baby elephant. If
1 16 10 the trend continues, about how much
2 20 15 will the elephant weigh at the age of
3 24 20 one year? about 1,310 pounds
4 28 25
Weight
5 32 30 Month
(pounds)
0 230
1 320
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

2 410
2. INVENTORY At the end of each day, the 3 500
manager of a bookstore runs an
inventory program that reports the
activity for the day. At 10:00 A.M. there
5. GEOGRAPHY Finland has a land area of
were 2,500 books on the shelves in the
117,943 square miles. If the total area of
bookstore. Every 15 minutes, 10 books
Finland is 130,128 square miles, what
were sold. Every hour, 25 books were
percent of Finland’s total area is water,
stocked on the shelves. What was the
to the nearest tenth of a percent?
count at 5:00 P.M. when the store closed?
9.4%
2,395 books

Course 3 • Chapter 4 Functions 61

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Problem-Solving Practice
Problem-Solving Investigation: Make a Table
Make a table to solve each problem.

1. CAR RENTAL Lawrence wants to rent a 2. ENROLLMENT The school keeps track
car for a family vacation. The prices of the number of students in each
to rent the car from two different grade. At the beginning of the year,
companies are shown below. For how there were 240 6th graders, 280
many miles must he drive for the cost 7th graders, and 310 8th graders. Each
from each company to be the same? month, 10 more students in each class
1000 mi enrolled but 2 students moved. What
will be their total enrollment after
Base Cost
5 months? 950 students
Company Cost per
per Week Mile
A-Z Car Rental $249 $0.10
Valley Car Rental $299 $0.05

3. SPORTS The table shows the total 4. SPAM E-MAILS Marjeen keeps track of
number of runs scored by a baseball how many spam e-mails she receives
team throughout the season. each day and totals the e-mails in a
Assuming the runs were scored at a table as shown below. At this rate,
steady rate, how many runs were what will be her total after one week?
scored in the 6th month? 150 runs 52 emails

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
Total
Total Day Number of
Month Number Spam E-mails
of Runs
1 10
1 25
2 17
2 50
3 24
3 75
4 31
4 100

5. DISTANCE To train for a marathon, 6. PLANTS The table below shows the
Nuveen adds three more miles to his height of a tomato plant. Assuming
running routine every week. If he the plant grows at the same rate,
runs 2 miles the first week, how many what will be the height of the plant
miles will he have run altogether after eight weeks? 38 in
after five weeks? 40 mi
Week Height (in.)

1 3
2 8
3 13
4 18

62 Course 3 • Chapter 4 Functions

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 5 Homework Practice

Compare Properties of Functions
1. PORTRAITS Paolo’s Portraits charges 2. COMMISSION Joshua earns a salary plus
$15 per photo with no sitting fee. The a commission for every painting he sells.
graph shows the fees for Clear Image The equation c = 40p + 75, where c is
Studio. Compare the functions by the commission in dollars and p is the
comparing their rates of change. number of paintings, represents how
much he earns. Martin’s commissions
Clear Image Studio
are shown in the table. Compare the
48 functions by comparing their y-intercepts
44 and rates of change.
40
36 Number of
32 1 2 3
Paintings Sold
Cost ($)

28
24
Commission ($) 115 150 185
20
16
12 The y-intercept of Joshua’s
8 earnings equation is 75 and
4
Martin’s is 80. The rate of change
0 1 2 3 4 5 for Joshua’s equation is 40 while
Number of Portraits Martin’s is 35.

Paolo’s Portraits is $15 per

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

photo and Clear Image Studio is

$12 per photo. Paolo’s Portraits
has the greater rate of change.
3. TOLL ROADS The table shows the cost for traveling on a toll road in Henderson.
The graph shows the cost of traveling on a toll road in Clarkson. Compare the linear
functions to determine which is a direct variation. Justify your response.

Henderson Toll Road Costs Clarkson Toll Road Costs

Miles Cost ($) 8

Traveled
7
10 3 6 (15, 5.75)
20 6
Cost ($)

5
4
(10, 4.50)
30 9
3 (5, 3.25)
The ratio of miles traveled to cost for the 2
Henderson Toll Road is a constant ratio 1
and the graph would pass through the
origin. It is a direct variation. The graph 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Miles Traveled
for the Clarkson Toll Road costs does not
travel through the origin, so it is not a
direct variation.
Course 3 • Chapter 4 Functions 63
NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 5 Problem-Solving Practice

Compare Properties of Functions
1. Anne kept track of the number of steps 2. The graph shows the outside
she took in a day using a pedometer. temperature after a number of hours.
The average number of steps she took The inside temperature y after x hours
y per hour x can be represented by the can be represented by the function
function y = 700x. The table below y = 68x. Compare the functions by
shows the number of steps per hour comparing the temperatures.
that Elyse walked. Compare the
Outside Temperature
functions for each person by comparing
the number of steps. 80
70 (1, 71)
Number of Number of 60

Temperature
Hours Steps 50
40
1 575
30
2 1,150 20
3 1,725 10 (0, 0)

Anne took 700 steps per hour 0 1 2 3

Number of Hours
while Elyse took 575 steps per The inside temperature rises 68 degrees per
hour. Anne had a greater hour while the outside temperature rises
71 degrees per hour. The outside temperature
number of steps per hour. rises faster.
3. For every computer that is sold, 4. A new car gets 33 miles per gallon of

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
Kendall receives $250 in commissions. gas. The graph shows the number of
The amount of commissions that Peter miles y that an older car gets per gallon
receives can be represented by the x of gas. Compare the miles per gallon
function y = 225x where y is his for each car.
commission and x is the number of
Miles per Gallon of Older Car
computers sold. How much more does
Kendall receive in commissions than 140
Peter if they both sell 5 computers?
120
$125
100
Number of Miles

80 (3, 81)

60

40

20
(0, 0)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Number of Gallons
A new car gets 33 miles per gallon while an
older car gets 27 miles per gallon. The new car
is more fuel efficient.
64 Course 3 • Chapter 4 Functions
 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 6 Homework Practice

Construct Functions
Solve.
1. FUNDRAISING The Pep Club rented a 3. MOVIES Marcus is a member of a theater
shaved ice machine to sell shaved ice as club. He pays a monthly fee and his
a fundraiser. They paid an initial fee and movie tickets are then $5 for an
then an hourly charge. The table shows unlimited number of movies that month.
the cost per hour. Find and interpret the The graph shows the cost for each
rate of change and initial value. Assume month. Find the monthly fee. $7.50
the relationship between the two
quantities is linear. 30
27 (4, 27.50)
5, 20; The rate of change is $5 per 24
(3, 22.50)
hour. The initial value is $20. 21

Cost ($)
18 (2, 17.50)
15
12 (1, 12.50)
Number of 9
2 3 4 5
Hours, x 6
3
Cost ($), y 30 35 40 45 0 1 2 3 4 5
Number of Months

2. GARDENING Simone planted a tomato 4. PHOTOS The cost of having photos taken
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

plant and measured its height weekly. includes a sitting fee and $12 for each
The total height at 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks portrait. The cost of 3, 6, and 9 photos
respectively were 13, 16, 19, and 22 respectively is $51, $87, and $123. What
inches tall. How tall was the tomato is the sitting fee? $15
plant when Simone planted it? Assume
the relationship is linear. 7 in.

Course 3 • Chapter 4 Functions 65

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 6 Problem-Solving Practice

Construct Functions
1. An education association wants to rent 2. Mr. Dodson is having the exterior of his
a cotton candy machine for a carnival. house painted. The painters charge
There is a deposit to rent it plus an $35 per hour plus the cost of materials.
additional $8 per hour. The total cost to After 20 hours of work, Mr. Dodson
rent the machine for 5 hours is $115. owes the painters $840. Assume the
Assume the relationship is linear. Find relationship is linear. Find and
and interpret the rate of change and interpret the rate of change and the
the initial value. initial value.
The rate of change is $8 per The rate of change is $35 per
hour. The initial value is $70. hour. The initial value is $140.

3. Before a movie began, a theater had 4. The Art Club collected $15 from each of
people waiting in the seats. During each its 17 members for dues. It then had
of 4 movie trailers, 7 more people came $300 in its account. Assume the
into the theater. When the movie relationship is linear. Find and
started 82 people were in the theater. interpret the rate of change and the
Assume the relationship is linear. Find initial value.
and interpret the rate of change and
The rate of change is $15 per

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
the initial value.
member. The initial value is $45.
The rate of change is 7 people
per movie trailer. The initial
value is 54 people.

5. The population of DeSoto rose an 6. Ling starts out with a certain number
average of 142 people for each of 5 of baseball cards and plans to collect
years. It then had 5,428 people. Assume 8 each month. At the end of a year,
the relationship is linear. Find and he has 109 baseball cards. Assume the
interpret the rate of change and the relationship is linear. Find and
initial value. interpret the rate of change and the
initial value.
The rate of change is 142 people.
The initial value is 4,718 people. The rate of change is 8 cards
per month. The initial value is
13 cards.

66 Course 3 • Chapter 4 Functions

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 7 Homework Practice

Linear and Nonlinear Functions
Determine whether each table represents a linear or a nonlinear
function. Explain.
1. x 1 2 3 4 2.
x 0 2 4 6
y 4 5 6 7 y 2 6 18 38

Linear; As x increases by 1, y Nonlinear; As x increases by 2, y

increases by 1 each time. The increases by a different amount
rate of change is constant, so each time. The rate of change is
this function is linear. not constant, so this function is
nonlinear.
3. x 4 6.5 9 11.5 14 4. x 1.5 3 4.5 6
y 3 8 13 18 23 y 2 4 8 16

Linear; As x increases by 2.5, y Nonlinear; As x increases by 1.5,

increases by 5 each time. The y increases by a greater amount
rate of change is constant, so each time. The rate of change is
this function is linear. not constant, so this function is
nonlinear.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

5. The table shows the cost of long distance calls as a function of the number of minutes
used. Is the cost a linear or nonlinear function of the number of minutes used? Explain.
Linear; As x increases by 40 minutes, y increases by $4 each time.
The rate of change is constant, so this function is linear.
Number of Minutes 40 80 120 160 200
Cost ($) 4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00

6. MINIMUM WAGE The graph shows a state’s Washington's Minimum Wage

minimum wage from 2005 to 2012. Would $8.00 $7.63

you describe the yearly increase as linear or $6.90 $7.01
$7.16 $7.35
$6.72
nonlinear? Explain your reasoning. $7.00 $6.50
Hourly Wage

$5.70
$6.00
Nonlinear; The rate of change is not
constant, so this function is nonlinear. $5.00

0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Year

Course 3 • Chapter 4 Functions 67

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 7 Problem-Solving Practice

Linear and Nonlinear Functions
GEOMETRY For Exercises 1 and 2, use the s
following information.
Recall that the perimeter of a square is equal to s
4 times the length of one of its sides, and the area
of a square is equal to the square of one of its sides.

1. Write a function for the perimeter of 2. Write a function for the area of the
the square. Is the perimeter of a square square. Is the area of a square a linear
a linear or nonlinear function of the or nonlinear function of the length of
length of one of its sides? Explain. one of its sides? Explain.
P = 4s; linear; the function can A = s2; nonlinear; the power of
be written as P = 4s + 0. s in A = s2 is greater than 1.

3. BUSINESS The Devon Tool Company 4. GRAVITY A camera is accidentally

uses the equation p = 150t to calculate dropped from a balloon at a height of
the gross profit p the company makes, 300 feet. The height of the camera after
in dollars, when it sells t tools. Is the falling for t seconds is given by
gross profit a linear or nonlinear h = 300 - 16t2. Is the height of the

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
function of the number of tools sold? camera a linear or nonlinear function of
Explain. Linear; the function can the time it takes to fall? Explain.
be written as p = 150t + 0. Nonlinear; the power of t in
h = 300 - 16t 2 is greater than 1.

5. LONG DISTANCE The table shows the 6. DRIVING The table shows the cost of a
charge for a long-distance call as a speeding ticket as a function of the
function of the number of minutes the speed of the car. Is the cost a linear or
call lasts. Is the charge a linear or nonlinear function of the car’s speed?
nonlinear function of the number of Explain.
minutes? Explain. Speed (mph) 70 80 90 100
Minutes 1 2 3 4 Cost ($) 25 50 150 300
Cost (¢) 5 10 15 20
Nonlinear; the rate of change is
Linear; the rate of change is not constant, as the speed
constant. increases by 10 mph, the cost
increases by greater and greater
amounts.

68 Course 3 • Chapter 4 Functions

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 8 Homework Practice

Quadratic Functions
Graph each function.
1. y = x2 2. y = -x2 3. y = x2 + 3
y y y
O x
y = -x 2

y = x2 y = x2 + 3
O x O x

4. y = -x2 + 3 5. y = x2 - 5 6. y = 3x2 - 4
y y y
y = -x 2 + 3

O x O x O x

y = x2 - 5 y = 3x 2 - 4

7. y = -2x2 - 3 8. y = 6x2 9. y = -3x2 - 2

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

y y y
O x O x
2
y = -2x - 3 y = -3x 2 - 2

y = 6x 2

O x

10. BALL The function h = -16t2 + 25t + 5 can be used h

16
to represent the height h in feet of a juggler’s ball 14
after t seconds of being tossed in the air by a juggler 12
Height (ft)

10
5 feet tall. Graph the function. Use your graph to 8
estimate the height of a juggler’s ball that has been 6
in the air for 1.5 seconds. ≈ 5 ft 4
2
t
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Time (s)

Course 3 • Chapter 4 Functions 69

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 8 Problem-Solving Practice

Quadratic Functions
GEOMETRY For Exercises 1–3, use the following information.
The quadratic equation A = 6x2 models the area of a triangle with base 3x and height 4x.

1. Graph the equation. Explain why you 2. Explain how to find the area of the
only need to graph the function in the triangle when x = 3 inches. Then find
upper right quadrant. the area. Replace x with 3 in the
50
A Neither equation and simplify; 54 in2
40 variable can
30
be negative.
20
A = 6x 2
10
x
0 1 2 3 4 5
3. Explain how to use your graph to 4. PHYSICS The quadratic equation
determine the value of x when the area K = 500s2 models the kinetic energy in
is 24 square inches. Then find the base joules of a 1,000-kilogram car moving
and height of the triangle when its area at a speed of s meters per second.
is 24 square inches. Find the first Graph this function. Then use your
graph to estimate the kinetic energy
coordinate of the point on the
at a speed of 8 meters per second.
graph whose second coordinate 32,000
50,000
is 24; 6 in., 8 in. K
joules

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
40,000

30,000 K = 500s2

20,000

10,000
s
0 2 4 6 8 10
Speed (m/s)
s2
5. CARS The quadratic equation d = −− 6. BUSINESS The quadratic equation
20
models the stopping distance in feet of a p = 50 + 2r2 models the gross profit
car moving at a speed of s feet per second. made by a factory that produces r ovens.
Graph this function. Then use your graph Graph this function. Then use your
to estimate the stopping distance at a graph to estimate the profit for 5 ovens.
speed of 40 feet per second. 80 ft 250 $100
125 P
d
200
Stopping Distance (feet)

100
Profit (dollars)

150
75 s2
d= 20 100
50
50
25 P = 50 + 2r 2
r
s
0 2 4 6 8 10
0 10 20 30 40 50
Speed (ft/s) Number of Ovens

70 Course 3 • Chapter 4 Functions

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 9 Homework Practice

Qualitative Graphs
Solve.
1. ROLLER COASTERS The graph below 3. HIKING The graph below shows the
shows the speed of a roller coaster altitude of a hiker during a hike. Describe
during the first 30 seconds. Describe the the change in altitude over time.
change in speed over time.

Altitude
Speed

Time
Time
Sample answer: The hiker starts
Sample answer: The roller coaster at the ground, gradually hikes
starts off slowly then picks up higher, then hikes over a steep
speed as it goes over the first incline twice, then descends
hill. Speed gradually reduces. quicker than ascending.
2. MONEY The graph below shows the 4. MUSIC The graph below shows the tempo
amount of money in the Soccer Club’s of a song as it is played. Describe the
account. Describe the change in balance change in tempo over time.
over time.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

Tempo
Balance

Time
Time Sample answer: The tempo starts
Sample answer: The Soccer Club out steady, increases twice, then
started with a balance, raised decreases sharply towards the
some money, then spent a good end of the song. Finally, the
portion of the balance. tempo is steady.
5. EXERCISE Ryan monitored his heart rate while exercising.
During the warm up, his heart rate increased slowly.
While exercising, his heart rate increased rapidly and then
Heart Rate

steadied. During cool down, his heart rate lowered quickly.

Sketch a qualitative graph to represent the situation.
Sample answer shown.
Time (minutes)

Course 3 • Chapter 4 Functions 71

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 9 Problem-Solving Practice

Qualitative Graphs
1. The graph below displays the attendance 2. The graph below displays the amount
at the state fair over time. Describe the of gasoline in a vehicle over time.
change in attendance over time. Describe the change in the amount of
gasoline over time.

Amount of Gasoline
Attendance

Time
Time

Attendance increased rapidly,

then did not change. Attendance The amount of gasoline decreased
then increased slightly then steadily while the car was driven.
dropped off quickly. Then no change. Then gas was
added to the tank and then the
amount of gas decreased as the
car was driven again.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
3. Charles received a loan and is paying it 4. A hot air balloon begins on the ground
off in monthly installments. Sketch a and rises. It floats along and then
qualitative graph to represent the returns to the ground steadily. Sketch
balance of the amount owed over time. a qualitative graph to represent the
Sample answer: height over time.
Sample answer:
Amount Owed

Altitude

Time
Time

72 Course 3 • Chapter 4 Functions

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 1 Homework Practice

Lines
For Exercises 1–6, use the figure at the right. In
the figure, line m is parallel to line n. N 1 2
List all pairs of each type of angle. 4 3
6
O 5 7
1. vertical ∠1 and ∠3, ∠2 and ∠4, ∠5 and 8
9 10
∠10, ∠6 and ∠9, ∠7 and ∠8

2. complementary ∠7 and ∠10, ∠5 and ∠7, ∠5 and ∠8,

∠8 and ∠10, ∠8 and ∠1

3. supplementary ∠1 and ∠2, ∠2 and ∠3, ∠3 and ∠4, ∠1 and ∠4,

∠5 and ∠2, ∠5 and ∠4, ∠10 and ∠2, ∠4 and ∠10

4. corresponding ∠1 and ∠5, ∠3 and ∠10

5. alternate interior ∠3 and ∠5

6. alternate exterior ∠1 and ∠10

Use the figure at the right for Exercises 7–10.

7. Find the measure of ∠2. Explain your reasoning.
86°; Sample answer: ∠2 is vertical to the
given angle. So, m∠2 = 86°.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

1 86°
2 3
8. Find the measure of ∠3. Explain your reasoning. 5 4
94°; Sample answer: ∠3 are supplementary 6 7
to the given angle. So, m∠3 = 180° - 86° = 94˚.

9. Find the measure of ∠4. Explain your reasoning.

86°; Sample answer: ∠4 is corresponding to
the given angle. So, m∠4 = 86°.

10. Find the measure of ∠6. Explain your reasoning.

86°; Sample answer: ∠6 and the given angle are alternate
exterior angles. So, m∠6 = 86°.

11. ALGEBRA Angles A and B are corresponding angles formed by two parallel
lines cut by a transversal. If m∠A = 4x and m∠B = 3x + 7, find the value
of x. Explain. m∠A = m∠B. So 4x = 3x + 7. So, x = 7.

12. ALGEBRA Angles G and H are supplementary and congruent. If ∠G and ∠H are
alternate interior angles, what is the measure of each angle? Each measures 90°;
Sample answer: If ∠G and ∠H are alternate exterior angles formed by
two parallel lines, they are congruent. if ∠G and ∠H are also
supplementary, then each must be 180° ÷ 2 = 90°.
Course 3 • Chapter 5 Triangles and the Pythagorean Theorem 73
NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 1 Problem-Solving Practice

Lines

1. SYMBOLS The symbol below is an equal 2. BRIDGE Arturo is designing a bridge for
sign with a slash through it. It is used science class using parallel supports for
to represent not equal to in math, as in the top and bottom beam. Find m∠2 if
1 ≠ 2. If m∠1 = 108°, classify the m∠1 = 60°. 60°
relationship between ∠1 and ∠2. Then
find m∠2. Assume the equal sign
consists of parallel lines. alternate
exterior angles;108°
1

≠ 1

3. LEG LIFTS For cheerleading practice,

2

4. ALGEBRA In the figure, line m is

Kiara must be able to lift her legs so parallel to line n. If m∠3 = 7x - 10 and
that they are parallel to her m∠6 = 5x + 10, What is the measure of
outstretched arms. For each side of her ∠3 and ∠6? 60°
body, what is the relationship between
Q

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
the angle formed by her arms and the
floor and the angle formed by her legs 1 2 N
and the floor? corresponding 3 4
angles 5 6 O
7 8

5. ALGEBRA Refer to the figure in 6. ART The drawing below shows the side
Exercise 4. If m∠1 = 4x + 40, and view of a drawing easel. The brace is
m∠5 = 120°, what is the value of x? parallel to the ground. If m∠A is 82°,
20 what is the measure of ∠B? 82°

74 Course 3 • Chapter 5 Triangles and the Pythagorean Theorem

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 2 Homework Practice

Geometric Proof
Complete a paragraph proof.
1. Given: Two intersecting lines with m∠1 = 6x + 45 and
m∠3 = 9x + 15
2
Prove: x = 10
1 3
Sample answer: ∠1 and ∠3 are vertical angles, 4
so they are congruent. By substitution, we can
say that 6x + 45 = 9x + 15. By the Subtraction
Property of Equality, we can say that 30 = 3x. By
the Division Property of Equality, x = 10.

2. Given: Lines a and b are perpendicular. b

Prove: ∠3 and ∠4 are complementary.

Sample answer: Because lines a and b are c

perpendicular, then ∠1 is 90° by the definition
of perpendicular lines. Because ∠3 and ∠4 are
3
vertical angles with ∠1, the definition of vertical 2 4
angles says the sum of ∠3 and ∠4 is also 90°. a
1
By the definition of complementary angles,
∠3 and ∠4 are complementary angles.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

3. Given: ∠1 and ∠2 are a linear pair; m∠1 = 120°

Prove: ∠2 is acute.

Sample answer: Because ∠1 and ∠2 are a

linear pair, so their sum is 180°. If ∠1 is 120°,
then by substitution, ∠2 + 120 = 180. By the
Subtraction Property of Equality, ∠2 is 60°.
By definition, ∠2 is then an acute angle. 1 2

Course 3 • Chapter 5 Triangles and the Pythagorean Theorem 75

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 2 Problem-Solving Practice

Geometric Proof
1. Given that lines a and b are parallel and intersected by c
transversal c, m∠2 = 5x + 58, and m∠4 = 18x - 20,
prove that x = 6.
1 2
a
Sample answer: Because lines a and b are 4 3
parallel and intersected by transversal c, then
∠4 and ∠2 are vertical angles and congruent.
By substitution, 18x - 20 = 5x + 58. By the 5 6
b
Subtraction Property of Equality, 13x = 78. 8 7
By the Division Property of Equality, x = 6.

For Exercises 2 and 3, use the figure at the right.

2. Given that m∠ABC = 4x + 3, m∠CBD = 8x - 1,
and m∠ABD = 86°, prove that m∠ABC = 31°.

Sample answer: Since the m∠ABC + m∠CBD = A

m∠ABD, use substitution to find the equation
(4x + 3) + (8x - 1) = 86. By combining like
C
terms, we have 12x + 2 = 86. Using the
Subtraction Property of Equality and the
Division Property of Equality, we find that x = 7.
By substituting the value for x back in the B

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
expression, m∠ABC = 4x + 3 or 4(7) + 3 or 31.

3. Given that m∠ABC = x + 10, m∠CBD = 55, and m∠ABD =

80°, prove that x = 15.

Sample answer: Since the m∠ABC + m∠CBD =

m∠ABD, use substitution to find the equation
(x + 10) + 55 = 80. By combining like terms and
using the Subtraction Property of Equality, we find
that x = 15.

76 Course 3 • Chapter 5 Triangles and the Pythagorean Theorem

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 3 Homework Practice

Angles of Triangles
Find the value of x in each triangle.
1. 48 2. 18 3. 73
140ž xž xž
22ž
42ž xž 17ž

4. 90 5. 102 6. 60
61ž 41ž
60ž
37ž
xž xž
29ž
60ž xž

Find the missing measure in each triangle with the given angle
measures.
7. 45°, 35°, x° 100 8. 100°, x°, 40° 40 9. x°, 90°, 16° 74

10. Find the third angle of a right triangle if one of the angles measures 24°. 66°

11. What is the third angle of a right triangle if one of the angles measures 51°? 39°

12. ALGEBRA Find m∠A in ABC if m∠B = 38° and m∠C = 38°. 104°
13. ALGEBRA In XYZ, m∠Z = 113° and m∠ X = 28°. What is m∠Y? 39°
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

Classify the marked triangle in each object by its angles and by

its sides.
14. 15. 16.
right;
acute; scalene
40ž 30ž 30ž
isosceles
25ž obtuse;
50ž isosceles

ALGEBRA Find the value of x in each triangle.

17. 2x ž 2x ž
36 18. 9 19. 45
7x ž xž

3x ž

xž 2x ž xž

Course 3 • Chapter 5 Triangles and the Pythagorean Theorem 77

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 3 Problem-Solving Practice

Angles of Triangles

1. TAILORING Each lapel on a suit jacket 2. FLAGS A naval distress signal flag is
is in the shape of a triangle. Two of in the shape of a triangle. Two of the
the three angles of each triangle three angles measure 55° each. What
measure 47˚ and 68˚. What is the is the measure of the third angle?
measure of the third angle? 70°
65°

3. CARPENTRY The supports of a wooden 4. MAPS The three towns of Ripon,

table are in the shape of a triangle. Sparta, and Walker form a triangle
Find the angles of the triangle if the as shown below. What is the value of x
measures of the angles are in the ratio in the triangle?
4x : 4x : 10x. Ripon
40°, 40°, 100°
38ž
30 mi 47 mi

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
104ž xž
Sparta Walker
30 mi

38

5. HIKING The figure shows the Oak Creek 6. LADDER The figure shows a ladder
trail, which is shaped like a triangle. leaning against a wall, forming a
What is the value of x in the figure? triangle. What is the value of x in
Rocky Peak the figure?

0.8 mi 61ž 1.2 mi

Oak Creek
xž
78ž xž 9 ft
Meadow 1.1 mi Trail Head
41 66ž
4 ft

24

78 Course 3 • Chapter 5 Triangles and the Pythagorean Theorem

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 4 Homework Practice

Polygons and Angles
Find the sum of the interior angle measures of each polygon.
1. pentagon 540° 2. decagon 1,440° 3. 16-gon 2,520°

4. 18-gon 2,880° 5. 30-gon 5,040° 6. 34-gon 5,760°

Find the measure of one interior angle in each regular polygon.

Round to the nearest tenth if necessary.
7. pentagon 108° 8. octagon 135° 9. 24-gon 165°

ALGEBRA For Exercises 10 and 11, determine the angle measures in each
polygon.
10. 5x° x° 11.
x°
x° 5x°

135° 135°

x° x°

150°, 30°, 150°, 30° 90°, 135°, 90°, 90°, 135°

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

12. FLOORING A floor is tiled with a pattern consisting of

regular octagons and squares as shown. Find the measure
of each angle at the circled vertex. Then find the sum of
the angles. 135°, 90°, 135°, 360°

13. ART Rachaunn is laying out a pattern for a stained glass

window. So far he has placed the 13 regular polygons shown.
Find the measure of each angle at the circled vertex. Then
find the sum of the angles. 90°, 120°, 90°, 60°, 360°

14. REASONING Vanessa’s mother made a quilt using a

pattern of repeating regular hexagons as shown. Will
Vanessa be able to make a similar quilt with a pattern
of repeating regular pentagons? Explain your reasoning.
No; sample answer: Pentagons will leave spaces
between them. The sum of the angles at a vertex
is not 360°.

Course 3 • Chapter 5 Triangles and the Pythagorean Theorem 79

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 4 Problem-Solving Practice

Polygons and Angles
For Exercises 1–6, use the formula S = (n - 2)180° to solve.

1. FLOORING Ashley’s kitchen floor is 2. CIRCLES As the number of sides of a

made from a tessellation of rows of regular polygon increase, the polygon
regular octagons. The space between gets closer and closer to a true circle.
them is filled with square tiles as The interior angles of any regular
shown below. Find the measure of one polygon can never actually reach 180°.
interior angle in both the octagon and How many sides would a polygon have
the square tiles. octagon: 135°, if its interior angles are exactly 179°?
square: 90° 360

3. GEOMETRY A trapezoid has angles 4. GEOMETRY An irregular heptagon has

that measure 3x°, 3x°, x°, and x°. What angles that measure x°, x°, 2x°, 2x°, 3x°,
is the value of x? 45 3x°, and 4x°. What is the value of x?
56.25
3x° 3x°

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
x° x°

5. TILES A bathroom tile consists of 6. CHALLENGE How many sides does a

regular hexagons surrounded by regular polygon have if the measure of
regular triangles as shown below. Find an interior angle is 171°? 40
the measure of one interior angle in
both the hexagon and the triangle tiles.
hexagon: 120°, triangle: 60°

80 Course 3 • Chapter 5 Triangles and the Pythagorean Theorem

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Homework Practice
Problem-Solving Investigation: Look for a Pattern
Look for a pattern in Exercises 1 and 2. Use any strategy to solve Exercises 3–6.
Some strategies are shown below.
1. GEOMETRY Draw the next two angles in
the pattern.
PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGIES
a. 10° • Look for a pattern
• Work backward
• Guess, check, and revise
• Choose an operation
b.

20° 1
3. YARD WORK Denzel can mow − of
8
his yard every 7 minutes. If he has
c. 40 minutes to mow −3
of the yard, will
4
he have enough time? no
30°

4. READING Ling read 175 pages by

d. 1:00 P.M., 210 pages by 2:00 P.M., and
245 pages by 3:00 P.M. If she continues
reading at this rate, how many pages
will Ling have read by 4:00 P.M.?
40°
280 pages
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

5. MOVIES The land area of Alaska is

about 570 thousand square miles. The
land area of Washington, D.C., is
3
about −− square mile. How many times
50° 60° 50
larger is Alaska than Washington, D.C.?
9,500,000 times larger
2. ANALYZE TABLES A falling object
continues to fall faster until it hits the 6. U.S. PRESIDENTS President Clinton
ground. How far will an object fall served 5 two-year terms as governor of
during the fifth second? 144 ft Arkansas and 2 four-year terms as
President of the United States. How
Time Period Distance Fallen many total years did he serve in these
1st Second 16 feet two government offices?
18 years
2nd Second 48 feet
3rd Second 80 feet
4th Second 112 feet

Course 3 • Chapter 5 Triangles and the Pythagorean Theorem 81

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Problem-Solving Practice
Problem-Solving Investigation: Look for a Pattern

Look for a pattern. Then use the pattern to solve each problem.
ENTERTAINMENT For Exercises 1 and 2, use Number of People Total Cost
the information at the right, which shows in Group per Group
the ticket prices at a skating rink.
1 $1.00
2 $2.00
3 $2.90
4 $3.70
5 $4.40

1. Describe the pattern used to calculate 2. If the pattern continues, what would
the cost for a group after 2 people. the cost be for a group of 8 skaters?
each additional person takes $5.90
off $0.10 of the price of one
person

3. RUNNING Evie wants to train to run a 4. AGRICULTURE In a vegetable garden,

marathon. For the first four weeks, the second row is 8 inches from the
she ran 3, 6, 9, and 12 miles. If the first row, the third row is 10 inches

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
pattern continues, how many miles from the second row, the fourth row is
will she run in the 6th week of 14 inches from the third row, and the
training? 18 miles fifth row is 20 inches from the fourth
row. If the pattern continues, how far
will the eighth row be from the
seventh row? 50 in.

5. GEOMETRY Draw the next two figures 6. BIOLOGY A newborn seal pup weighs
in the pattern. 4 pounds at the end of the first week,
8 pounds at the end of the second
week, 16 pounds at the end of the
third week, and 32 pounds at the end
of the fourth week. If this growth
pattern continues, how many weeks
old will the seal pup be before it
weighs over 100 pounds? 6 weeks

82 Course 3 • Chapter 5 Triangles and the Pythagorean Theorem

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 5 Homework Practice

The Pythagorean Theorem
Write an equation you could use to find the length of the missing side
of each right triangle. Then find the missing length. Round to the
nearest tenth if necessary.
1. 2. 3. 18 cm
26 in.
a in.
8 ft 10 ft 15 cm
c cm
24 in.

b ft
2 2
8 + b = 102; 6 ft a 2 + 24 2 = 26 2; 10 in. 18 2 + 15 2 = c 2; 23.4 cm

4. a yd 5. 6.
cm
c mm 45 m
14 yd 50 mm
28 yd
64 m
50 mm

a 2 + 14 2 = 28 2; 24.2 yd 50 2 + 50 2 = c 2; 70.7 mm 45 2 + 64 2 = c 2; 78.2 m

7. a, 65 cm; c, 95 cm 8. a, 16 yd; b, 22 yd
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

65 2 + b 2 = 95 2; 69.3 cm 16 2 + 22 2 = c 2; 27.2 yd

Determine whether each triangle with sides of given lengths is a

right triangle. Justify your answer.
9. 18 ft, 23 ft, 29 ft no; 10. 7 yd, 24 yd, 25 yd yes;
18 2 + 23 2 = 853 ≠ 29 2 7 2 + 24 2 = 625 = 25 2

11. The hypotenuse of a right triangle is 15 inches, and one of its legs is
11 inches. Find the length of the other leg. about 10.2 in.

12. A leg of a right triangle is 30 meters long, and the hypotenuse is

35 meters long. What is the length of the other leg? about 18.0 m

13. TELEVISIONS The diagonal of a television measures 27 inches. If the width

of a 27-inch is 22 inches, calculate its height to the nearest inch. 16 in.

Course 3 • Chapter 5 Triangles and the Pythagorean Theorem 83

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 5 Problem-Solving Practice

The Pythagorean Theorem

1. ART What is the length of a diagonal of 2. GARDENING Ross has a rectangular

a rectangular picture whose sides are garden in his back yard. He measures
12 inches by 17 inches? Round to the one side of the garden as 22 feet and
nearest tenth of an inch. 20.8 in. the diagonal as 33 feet. What is the
length of the other side of his garden?
Round to the nearest tenth of a foot.
24.6 ft

3. TRAVEL Troy drove 8 miles due east and 4. GEOMETRY What is the perimeter of a
then 5 miles due north. How far is Troy right triangle if the hypotenuse is
from his starting point? Round the 15 centimeters and one of the legs is
answer to the nearest tenth of a mile. 9 centimeters? 36 cm
9.4 mi

5. ART Anna is building a rectangular 6. CONSTRUCTION A 20-foot ladder leaning

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
picture frame. If the sides of the frame against a wall is used to reach a
are 20 inches by 30 inches, what should window that is 17 feet above the
be the diagonal measure? Round to the ground. How far from the wall is the
nearest tenth of an inch. 36.1 in. bottom of the ladder? Round to the
nearest tenth of a foot. 10.5 ft

7. CONSTRUCTION A door frame is 8. TRAVEL Tina measures the distances

80 inches tall and 36 inches wide. What between three cities on a map. The
is the length of a diagonal of the door distances between the three cities are
frame? Round to the nearest tenth of 45 miles, 56 miles, and 72 miles. Do the
an inch. 87.7 in. positions of the three cities form a
right triangle? no

84 Course 3 • Chapter 5 Triangles and the Pythagorean Theorem

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 6 Homework Practice

Use The Pythagorean Theorem
Write an equation that can be used to answer the question. Then
solve. Round to the nearest tenth if necessary.
1. How far is the ship from 2. How long is the wire 3. How far above the water is
the lighthouse? supporting the sign? the person parasailing?

8 mi w ft
1.5 ft
2 ft
100 yd
6 mi p yd
d mi Open 24/7

80 yd

8 2 + 6 2 = d 2; 10 mi 1.5 2 + 2 2 = w 2; 2.5 ft 80 2 + p 2 = 100 2; 60 yd

4. How wide is the pond? 5. How high is the ramp? 6. How high is the end of the
ladder against the building?
95 ft

21 ft
w ft h ft
h ft
120 ft 19 ft 13 ft

4 ft
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

95 2 + w 2 = 120 2; 73.3 ft h 2 + 19 2 = 21 2; 8.9 ft 4 2 + h 2 = 13 2; 12.4 ft

7. GEOGRAPHY Suppose Birmingham, Huntsville, and Huntsville

Gadsden, Alabama, form a right triangle. What is
d mi
the distance from Huntsville to Gadsden? Round to
the nearest tenth if necessary. 76.7 mi 98 mi Gadsden

61 mi

Birmingham

8. GEOMETRY Find the diameter d of the circle in the figure 18 ft

at the right. Round to the nearest tenth if necessary.
12.6 ft d ft
22 ft

Course 3 • Chapter 5 Triangles and the Pythagorean Theorem 85

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 6 Problem-Solving Practice

Use the Pythagorean Theorem

1. RECREATION A pool table is 8 feet long 2. TRIATHLON The course for a local
and 4 feet wide. How far is it from one triathlon has the shape of a right
corner pocket to the diagonally opposite triangle. The legs of the triangle consist
corner pocket? Round to the nearest of a 4-mile swim and a 10-mile run.
tenth. 8.9 ft The hypotenuse of the triangle is the
biking portion of the event. How far is
the biking part of the triathlon? Round
to the nearest tenth if necessary.
10.8 mi

3. LADDER A ladder 17 feet long is leaning 4. TRAVEL Tara drives due north for
against a wall. The bottom of the ladder 22 miles then east for 11 miles. How
is 8 feet from the base of the wall. How far is Tara from her starting point?
far up the wall is the top of the ladder? Round to the nearest tenth if necessary.
Round to the nearest tenth if necessary. 24.6 mi
15 ft

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
5. FLAGPOLE A wire 30 feet long is 6. ENTERTAINMENT Isaac’s television is
stretched from the top of a flagpole to 25 inches wide and 18 inches high.
the ground at a point 15 feet from the What is the diagonal size of Isaac’s
base of the pole. How high is the television? Round to the nearest tenth
flagpole? Round to the nearest tenth if if necessary. 30.8 in.
necessary. 26.0 ft

86 Course 3 • Chapter 5 Triangles and the Pythagorean Theorem

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 7 Homework Practice

Distance on the Coordinate Plane
Graph each pair of ordered pairs. Then find the distance between
the points. Round to the nearest tenth if necessary.
1. (4, 3), (1, -1) 5 units 2. (3, 2), (0, -4) 6.7 units 3. (-4, 3.5), (2, 1.5) 6.3 units

(4, 3) (-4, 3.5)

(3, 2) (2, 1.5)

( 1, -1)

( 0, -4)

Use the Distance Formula to find the distance between each pair
of points. Round to the nearest tenth if necessary.
4. W(2, 5), U(-4, 3) 5. A(-1, 7), B(-3, -5) 6. P(1, 1), Q(-1, -1)
6.3 units 12.2 units 2.8 units

7. M(5, -3), N(9, 1) 8. C(-4, -8), D(2, 2) 9. R(-4, 2), S(-4, -9)
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

5.7 units 11.7 units 11 units

(2
1
10. E − 1
, 4−
4 ) ( 1
, F 5, - −
2 ) 11. J(5.4, -3.2), K(4, -1.2) (1
12. A 5 − ) ( 1
, 2 , B -1, 2 −
5 5 )
6.5 units 2.4 units 6.2 units

13. Find the distance between points R and S shown at y

S
the right. Round to the nearest tenth. 9.4 units

14. GEOMETRY If one point is located at (-6, 2) and 0 x

another point is located at (6, -3), find the distance R

between the points. 13 units

Course 3 • Chapter 5 Triangles and the Pythagorean Theorem 87

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 7 Problem-Solving Practice

Distance on the Coordinate Plane

1. ARCHAEOLOGY An archaeologist at a 2. GARDENING Vega set up a coordinate

dig sets up a coordinate system using system with units of feet to locate the
string. Two similar artifacts are position of the vegetables she planted
found—one at position (1, 4) and the in her garden. She has a tomato plant
other at (5, 2). How far apart were the at (1, 3) and a pepper plant at (5, 6).
two artifacts? Round to the nearest How far apart are the two plants?
tenth of a unit if necessary. 4.5 units Round to the nearest tenth if
necessary. 5 ft

3. CHESS April is an avid chess player. 4. MAPPING Cory makes a map of his
She sets up a coordinate system on favorite park, using a coordinate
her chess board so she can record the system with units of yards. The old
position of the pieces during a game. oak tree is at position (4, 8) and the
In a recent game, April noted that her granite boulder is at position (-3, 7).
king was at (4, 2) at the same time How far apart are the old oak tree and
that her opponent’s king was at (7, 8). the granite boulder? Round to the
How far apart were the two kings? nearest tenth if necessary 7.1 yd
Round to the nearest tenth of a unit if
necessary. 6.7 units

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
5. TREASURE HUNTING Taro uses a 6. GEOMETRY The coordinates of points A
coordinate system with units of feet to and B are (-7, 5) and (4, -3),
keep track of the locations of any respectively. What is the distance
objects he finds with his metal detector. between the points, rounded to the
One lucky day he found a ring at (5, 7) nearest tenth? 13.6 units
and an old coin at (10, 19). How far
apart were the ring and coin before
Taro found them? Round to the nearest
tenth if necessary. 13 ft

7. GEOMETRY The coordinates of points A, 8. THEME PARK Bryce is looking at a map

B, and C are (5, 4), (-2, 1), and (4, -4), of a theme park. The map is laid out in
respectively. Which point, B or C, is a coordinate system. Bryce is at (2, 3).
closer to point A? B The roller coaster is at (7, 8), and the
water ride is at (9, 1). Is Bryce closer to
the roller coaster or the water ride?
roller coaster

88 Course 3 • Chapter 5 Triangles and the Pythagorean Theorem

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 1 Homework Practice

Translations
Draw the image of the figure after the indicated translation.
1. 3 units right and 2 units up 2. 5 units right and 3 units down
B
A
B P Q

A C
P Q
C R

R

3. 2 units left and 1 unit up 4. 4 units left and 2 units down

K T
K
T
L L S U
J J
S U
M V
M
V

Graph the figure with the given vertices. Then graph the image of the figure
after the indicated translation, and write the coordinates of its vertices.
5. FGH with vertices F(1, 3), 6. rectangle PQRS with vertices P(-4,-1),
G(2, 4), and H(3, 2); translated 3 units Q(0, 1), R(1,-1), and S(-3,-3) translated
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

left and 1 unit down 2 units right and 3 units up

y G y Q
G
F P
F H Q R
H
x S x
P R

F(-2, 2), G(-1, 3), H(0, 1) P(-2, 2), Q(2, 4), R(3, 2), S(-1, 0)
7. QUILTS The quilt design at the right is a traditional American
design. Describe the minimum number of translations of the
original pattern, A, needed to create the section shown. A total
of 15 translations; Translate A: 8 inches right, 16 inches
right, and 24 inches right. Then translate A: 8 inches
up, 8 inches right and 8 inches up, 16 inches right 8 in. A
and 8 inches up, and 24 inches right and 8 inches 8 in.
up. Then translate A: 16 inches up, 8 inches right and
16 inches up, 16 inches right and 16 inches up, and 24 inches right
and 16 inches up. Then translate A: 24 inches up, 8 inches right and
24 inches up, 16 inches right and 24 inches up, and 24 inches right
and 24 inches up.
Course 3 • Chapter 6 Transformations 89
NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 1 Problem-Solving Practice

Translations

1. BUILDINGS The figure shows an outline 2. BUILDINGS Refer to the figure in

of the White House in Washington, Exercise 1. Find the coordinates of
D.C., plotted on a coordinate system. points C and D after the figure is
Find the coordinates of points C and D translated 1 unit left and 4 units up.
after the figure is translated 2 units C(-2, 2), D(1, 0)
right and 3 units up.
Z

0 Y
$

%
C(1, 1), D(4, -1)
3. ALPHABET The figure shows a capital 4. ALPHABET Refer to the figure in
“N” plotted on a coordinate system. Exercise 3. Find the coordinates of
Find the coordinates of points F and G points F and G after the figure is
after the figure is translated 2 units translated 5 units right and 6 units
right and 2 units down. down.
Z F(1, -2), G(3, -5)
'

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
(
0 Y

F(-2, 2), G(0, -1)

5. QUILT The beginning of a quilt is shown 6. BEACH Tylia is walking on the beach.
below. Look for a pattern in the quilt. Copy and translate her footprints to
Copy and translate the quilt square to show her path in the sand.
finish the quilt.

90 Course 3 • Chapter 6 Transformations

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 2 Homework Practice

Reflections
1. Graph  ABC with vertices A(2, 2), 2. Graph square ABCD with vertices
B(5, 4),and C(5, 1) and its reflection A(-1, 2), B(2, -1), C(5, 2), and D(2, 5)
over the x-axis. Then find the and its reflection over the y-axis. Then
coordinates of the reflected image. find the coordinates of the reflected image.
y D' y D
B

A C' A A' C
C
O C' x O x
A' B' B

B'

A'(2, -2), B'(5, -4), C'(5, -1) A'(1, 2), B'(-2, -1), C'(-5, 2),
D'(-2, 5)

The coordinates of a point and its image after a reflection are given.
Describe the reflection as over the x-axis or y-axis.
3. B(1, -2) → B(1, 2) 4. J(-3, 5) → J(-3, -5) 5. W(-7, -4) → W(7, -4)
x-axis x-axis y-axis
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

For Exercises 6–9, use the following information.

Triangle XYZ has vertices X(4, 2), Y(4, 4), and Z(0, 2). y
Y(4, 4)
6. What are the coordinates of the image of point X after a
Z(0, 2) X(4, 2)
reflection over the y-axis? X'(-4, 2)
O x

Z(0, -2) X(4, -2)

7. What are the coordinates of the image of point Y after
a reflection over the y-axis? Y'(-4, 4) Y(4, -4)

8. What are the coordinates of the image of point Z after a

reflection over the y-axis? Z'(0, 2)

9. Graph triangle XYZ and its image after a reflection over the x-axis.

Course 3 • Chapter 6 Transformations 91

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 2 Problem-Solving Practice

Reflections

1. DESIGNS Half of a design is shown 2. DESIGNS Half of a design is shown

below. Reflect the figure across the below. Reflect the figure across the
x-axis to obtain the completed design. y-axis to obtain the completed design.
y y

O x O x

3. LOGO Half of a logo is shown below. 4. SYMBOLS The figure shows a ray plotted
Reflect the figure across the y-axis to on a coordinate system. Reflect the ray
obtain the completed figure. across the x-axis. Graph the reflected
image.
y y

O x O x

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
5. ARCHITECTURE A corporate plaza is to be 6. ARCHITECTURE Use the information
built around a small lake. Building 1 from Exercise 5. Suppose that a third
has already been built. Suppose there building is to be built as shown. To
are axes through the lake as shown. complete the business park, show where
Show where Building 2 should be built a fourth building should be built if it is
if it will be a reflection of Building 1 a reflection of Building 3 across the x-
across the y-axis followed by a reflection and y-axis.
across the x-axis. Building 3 Building 1
y
Building 1
y

Lake
Lake x
O
O x

Building 2 Building 4
Building 2

92 Course 3 • Chapter 6 Transformations

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Homework Practice
Problem-Solving Investigation: Act It Out
Mixed Problem Solving
Use the act it out strategy to solve
Exercises 1 and 2.
1. MONEY Pedro bought a video game for 4. TILES A kitchen is 10 feet long and 8 feet
$41. He gave the cashier three $20 bills. 1
wide. If kitchen floor tiles are 2− inches
2
How many different combinations of $1, by 3 inches, how many tiles are needed
$5, and $10 bills can the cashier give for the kitchen?
him for change?
1,536 tiles
5 combinations

2. CROSS COUNTRY Logan, Keira, Isabelle, 5. NUMBERS A number is halved. Then

and Catie are on the school cross three is subtracted from the quotient,
country team. When ranked from first to and 5 is multiplied by the difference.
fourth, how many ways can they be Finally, 1 is added to the product. If the
ranked if Catie is always first and Logan ending number is 26, what was the
is always above Isabelle? beginning number?
12 ways 16
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

Use any strategy to solve Exercises 3–6.

3. FUEL A test of a hybrid car resulted in 6. MONEY Mateo has $2.58 in coins.
4,840 miles driven using 88 gallons of If he has quarters, dimes, nickels, and
gas. At this rate, how many gallons of pennies, how many of each coin does he
gas will this vehicle need to travel have if he has a total of 17 coins?
1,155 miles? 8 quarters, 5 dimes, 1 nickel,
21 gallons and 3 pennies

Course 3 • Chapter 6 Transformations 93

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Problem-Solving Practice
Problem-Solving Investigation: Act It Out
For Exercises 1–6, use the act it out strategy to solve the problem.

1. PHOTOGRAPHY Penelope has 5 photos 2. BASKETBALL There are 5 players on a

that she has displayed in a row on basketball team. If Miranda always
her wall. If she wants to rearrange plays in the center position, and
them so that the middle photo stays Stephanie always plays in the off-guard
in place, how many different ways can position, how many different ways can
she arrange the photos? the coach arrange Becky, Samantha,
24 ways and Valerie in the point guard, power
forward, and small forward positions?
6 ways

3. MONEY Madison wants to buy an 4. AGES Rebecca is older than Cheryl,

orange that costs $0.60. How many who is older than Paul, who is older
different combinations of quarters, than Jessica, who is older than Matt,
nickels, and dimes can be used to who is older than Carrie. How many
make $0.60? different ways can they stand in
5 combinations line so that the youngest person is
always first , and the oldest person

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
is always last?
24 ways

5. E-MAILS Donna received three E-mails 6. MONEY Erica wants to buy a bagel
on Monday. Every day after that she that costs $0.70. How many different
received two more than twice as combinations of nickels and dimes
many as the day before. How many can be used to make $0.70?
E-mails did she receive on Thursday?
6 combinations
38 E-mails

94 Course 3 • Chapter 6 Transformations

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 3 Homework Practice

Rotations

For Exercises 1 and 2, graph quadrilateral EFGH and its

image after each rotation. Then give the coordinates of the
vertices for quadrilateral EFGH.
1. 90° clockwise about vertex H
y F
E G
E
H
O x E'(3, 1), F'(4,-1), G'(3, -3), H'(0, 0)
H F
G

2. 180° counterclockwise about vertex E

H y

E F
G G
E E'(-1, 3), F'(-3, 2), G'(-5, 3), H'(-2, 6)
F
O H x
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

3. Triangle RST has vertices R(1, 1), S(1, 4), and T(3, 1). y S
Graph the figure and its rotated image after a clockwise
rotation of 180° about the origin. Then give the
coordinates of the vertices for triangle R'S'T'. R T
T R O x
R'(-1, -1), S'(-1, -4), and T'(-3, -1)

S

4. Quadrilateral KLMN has vertices K(2, 0), L(4, 0), y M

M(5, -2), and N(1, -2). Graph the figure and its rotated L
image after a counterclockwise rotation of 90° about the K
origin. Then give the coordinates of the vertices for N
K L
quadrilateral K'L'M'N'. O x
K'(0, 2), L'(0, 4), M'(2, 5), and N'(2, 1)
N M

Course 3 • Chapter 6 Transformations 95

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 3 Problem-Solving Practice

Rotations

1. OPEN-ENDED Draw a figure that has 2. CLASSIFY Identify the transformation

rotational symmetry with 90° and 180° shown below as a translation, reflection,
as its angles of rotation. or rotation. Explain.
See students’ work.

translation; The figure has slid

to a different location, but is in
the original position.

3. ROTATIONS Which figure below was 4. LETTERS Which capital letters in the
rotated 90° counterclockwise? word TRANSFORMATION produce the
same letter after being rotated 180°?
N, S, O, and I

parallelogram

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
5. REAL-WORLD Describe a real-world 6. ART An art design is shown. State the
example of where you could find a angles of rotation. 90°, 180°, 270°
rotation.
Sample answer: the rotation of
tires on a truck as it drives
down the road

96 Course 3 • Chapter 6 Transformations

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 4 Homework Practice

Dilations

Find the coordinates of the vertices of each figure after a dilation with
the given scale factor k. Then graph the original image and the dilation.
1. S(-2, 1), U(0, 1), N(-1, -1); k = 4 2. M(-3, 1), A(1, 3), T(2, -2), H(-4, -2);
1
S U y k=−
2
y
S U
O x
S'(-8, 4), U'(0, 4),
N'(-4, -4)
A
A ( 1 1
M' -1−,− ,
2 2 )
M
N M
O x
(1 1
)
A' −, 1− , T'(1, -1),
2 2
H T H'(-2, -1)
N H T

3. F(-2, 1), U(-1, 2), N(3, 1); k = 2 4. P(-4, 2), L(2, 4), A(2, -4), Y(-4, -2);
1
U y k=−
4
U y L
F N F'(-4, 2),
F
O
N
x U'(-2, 4), P
L
( 2) (2 )
1
P' 1-1, − 1
, L' − ,1 ,
N'(6, 2) P
A'(−
1
, -1),
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

Y O x 2
A
2)
1
Y Y'(-1, - −
A

5. MAPS Rachel and her cousin, Lena, live in different cities that are about 100 miles
apart. On a map, the two cities measure 5 inches apart. What is the scale factor used
for the map?
1
−− ; 1 inch = 20 miles
20
6. GEOMETRY A square has vertices J(-1, 4), U(5, 4), M(5, -2), P(-1, -2). After a dilation,
square JUMP has vertices J(-0.5, 2), U(2.5, 2), M(2.5, -1), P(-0.5, -1). What is the
1
scale factor of the dilation? −
2

7. LANDSCAPING A landscape designer has a drawing of a flower bed that measures

6 inches by 9 inches. The owner wants the actual flower bed to be 5 feet by 7.5 feet.
What is the scale factor the designer must use to install the new flower bed? 10

Course 3 • Chapter 6 Transformations 97

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 4 Problem-Solving Practice

Dilations
1. GEOMETRY Find the coordinates of the 2. PHOTOS Daniel is using a scale factor of
triangle shown below after a dilation 10 to enlarge a class photo that
with a scale factor of 4. measures 3.5 inches by 5 inches. What
are the dimensions of the photo after
y
the dilation?
35 inches by 50 inches or about
" 3 feet by 4 feet
0 x
$
5

C'(-12, -4), A'(-4, 4), T'(8, -8)

3. DOGS Isabel has a mother dog and her 4. GEOMETRY Find the coordinates of the
puppy that look exactly alike. The quadrilateral shown below after a
1
puppy weighs 6 pounds, and the mother dilation with a scale factor of − .
2
weighs 48 pounds. Assuming the two y
dogs are similar, what is the scale factor 8

of the dilation? / 4 0
8
-8 -4 0 4 8x
4 8

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
-4

-8

S'(-3, -1), N'(-1, 2.5),

O'(2.5, 1.5), W'(0.5, -1)
5. BLUEPRINTS Abby’s family is building a 6. ART William saw a painting in a
new house. On the blueprints of the museum, and later found a picture of
house, Abby’s bedroom measures that same painting in a book. The
3 inches by 3.75 inches. Her actual actual painting measured 36 inches by
bedroom will measure 8 feet by 10 feet. 54 inches. The picture of the painting
What is the scale factor for the dilation? measured 4 inches by 6 inches. What is
32 the scale factor for the dilation?
1
−
9

98 Course 3 • Chapter 6 Transformations

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 1 Homework Practice

Congruence and Transformations
Determine if the two figures are congruent by using transformations.
Explain your reasoning.
1. S R 2. E F

A H G
K L
B C T

J I
The two triangles are congruent The two figures are congruent
because a rotation followed by because a clockwise rotation
a translation will map ABC of 180° followed by a translation
onto RST. will map the EFGH onto IJKL.

3. 4. A
B

A B
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

The two figures are not congruent The two figures are congruent
because no sequence of because a clockwise rotation of
transformations will map Figure A 180° followed by a translation will
onto Figure B exactly. map the Figure A onto Figure B.

5. GRAPHIC DESIGN The Art Club designed the logo shown.

What transformations did they use if the top trapezoid is the
preimage and the bottom trapezoid is the image?
Sample answer: the preimage is reflected over
a horizontal line

6. SCRAPBOOKING Charlotte used a stamp to create the

pattern shown. What transformations did she use if
parallelogram A is the preimage and parallelogram B A
is the image? Sample answer: the preimage is
B
translated down and to the left

Course 3 • Chapter 7 Congruence and Similarity 99

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 1 Problem-Solving Practice

Congruence and Transformations
Determine if the two figures are congruent by using transformations.
Explain your reasoning.

A D 2. S
1.
E H Y

B C
R T
F G
W X
The two parallelograms are The two triangles are congruent
congruent because a translation because a reflection and
will map ABCD onto EFGH. translation will map RST
onto XYW.
3. The community softball team has 4. For the local art gallery opening, the
created the following logo for their curator had the design shown below
jerseys. What transformations could created. What transformations could
be used if the letter “M” is the image be used if the white figure is the
and the letter “W” is the preimage? image and the black figure is the

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
Are the two figures congruent? preimage? Are the two figures
Explain. congruent? Explain.

Sample answer: a rotation Sample answer: a reflection

followed by a translation; they followed by a translation; they
are congruent because images are congruent because images
created from a rotation and created from a reflection and
translation are congruent. translation are congruent.

5. For his school web page, Manuel created the logo shown at
the right. What transformations could be used if the gray
figure is the preimage and the black figure is the image?
Are the two figures congruent? Explain.
Sample answer: a rotation followed by a translation;
they are congruent because images created from a
rotation and translation are congruent.

100 Course 3 • Chapter 7 Congruence and Similarity

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 2 Homework Practice

Congruence
1. Triangles ABC and GHI are congruent. A y
Write congruence statements comparing the
corresponding parts. Then determine which B C
transformation(s) map  ABC onto GHI.
G O x
−− −−
∠A  ∠G, ∠B  ∠H, ∠C  ∠I; AB  GH,
−− −− −− −−
BC  HI, CA  IG; Sample answer: If you H I
translate ABC down 5 units and to the
right 2 units, it coincides with GHI.

2. Parallelograms CAMP and SITE are congruent. y C

Write congruence statements comparing the
P
corresponding parts. Then determine which A
transformation(s) map parallelogram CAMP E T
O M x
onto parallelogram SITE.
∠C  ∠S, ∠A  ∠I, ∠M  ∠T, ∠P  ∠E;
−− −− −− −− −− −− −− −− S I
CA  SI, AM  IT, MP  TE, PC  ES;
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

Sample answer: If you rotate parallelogram

CAMP and then translate it, it coincides
with parallelogram SITE.

3. Triangles LMN and XYZ are congruent. Write M y

congruence statements comparing the corresponding
parts. Then determine which transformation(s)
map  LMN onto  XYZ. L N
O Z X x
−− −−
∠L  ∠X, ∠M  ∠Y, ∠N  ∠Z; LM  XY,
−− −− −− −−
MN  YZ, NL  ZX; Sample answer: If you
rotate LMN 180° about the origin, it Y
coincides with XYZ.

Course 3 • Chapter 7 Congruence and Similarity 101

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 2 Problem-Solving Practice

Congruence

1. In the quilt design shown, 2. In the roof construction shown,

RST  RWX. What is the CBD  EFD. If CB = 11 feet,
measure of ∠STR? 62° what is EF? 11 ft

S R A
W

B F
62°
T X

C D E

3. In the stage truss shown below, 4. Triangle FGH is congruent to PQR.

HJK  HLK. If ∠LHK = 71°, Write congruence statements
what is the measure of ∠JHK? 71° comparing the corresponding parts.
Then determine which
transformations map FGH onto
PQR.
G R P

J
K

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
F H Q
L
∠F  ∠P, ∠G  ∠Q, ∠H  ∠R,
−− −− −− −− −− −−
FG  PQ, GH  QR, HF  RP;
Sample answer: If you rotate
and then translate FGH, it
coincides with PQR.
5. In the baseball diamond shown, 6. Parallelograms ABCD and FGHI are
BEA  ARB. If BE = 90 feet, congruent. If AB = 64 centimeters,
what is AR? 90 ft what is FG? 64 cm
B B

A G
C

E R

D F H

102 Course 3 • Chapter 7 Congruence and Similarity

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Homework Practice
Problem-Solving Investigation: Draw a Diagram
Mixed Problem Solving 4. LETTERS Suppose you have three strips
of paper as shown. How many capital
Use the draw a diagram strategy to
letters of the alphabet could you form
solve Exercises 1 and 2.
using one or more of these three strips
1. SWIMMING Jon is separating the width for each letter? List them according to
of the swimming pool into equal-sized the number of strips.
lanes with rope. It took him 30 minutes
to create 6 equal-sized lanes. How long
would it take him to create 4 equal-
sized lanes in a similar swimming pool?
20 min

2. TRAVEL Two planes are flying from

San Francisco to Chicago, a distance of 12 letters; 1 strip: I; 2 strips:
1,800 miles. They leave San Francisco at L, T, V, X; 3 strips: A, F, H, K, N, Y,
the same time. After 30 minutes, one Z, (or I)
plane has traveled 25 more miles than
the other plane. How much longer will it
take the slower plane to get to Chicago 5. CLOTHING A store has 255 wool ponchos
than the faster plane if the faster plane to sell. There are 112 adult-sized
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

is traveling at 500 miles per hour? ponchos that sell for $45 each. The rest
24 min are kid-sized and sell for $32 each. If
the store sells all the ponchos, how
much money will the store receive?
$9,616
Use any strategy to solve Exercises 3–6.
3. TALENT SHOW In a solo singing and 6. DINOSAURS Brad made a model of a
piano playing show, 18 people sang and Stegosaurus. If you multiply the model’s
14 played piano. Six people both sang length by 8 and subtract 4, you will find
and played piano. How many people the length of an average Stegosaurus. If
were in the singing and piano playing the actual Stegosaurus is 30 ft long, how
show? 26 people long is Brad’s model? 4.25 ft

Course 3 • Chapter 7 Congruence and Similarity 103

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Problem-Solving Practice
Problem-Solving Investigation: Draw a Diagram
For Exercises 1–6, use the draw a diagram strategy to solve
the problem. See students’ diagrams.

1. TILING Kelly is using 3-inch square tiles 2. AQUARIUM An aquarium holds

to cover a 4-foot by 2-foot area. The tiles 42 gallons of water. After 2 minutes, the
are 0.5 inch tall. If the tiles were aquarium has 3 gallons of water in it.
stacked on top of each other to create a How many more minutes will it take to
tower, how many inches tall would the completely fill the aquarium?
tower be? 26 min
64 in.

3. FABRIC It takes Lucy 7 minutes to cut a 4. FIXTURES Mr. Sanchez is installing

20-yard-by-1-yard roll of fabric into 14 inground lighting fixtures every
equal pieces. How many minutes would 30 inches around the perimeter of his
it take her to cut the fabric into 25 swimming pool. His swimming pool is
equal pieces? in the shape of a rectangle with
12.5 min dimensions 15 feet by 20 feet. How

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
many lighting fixtures does he need?
28 fixtures

5. BEVERAGES It requires 4 gallon jugs of 6. GAS It takes Richard 48 seconds to fill

water to fill 104 glasses equally. How his gas tank with 3 gallons of gas. If the
many gallon jugs are required to fill tank holds 14 gallons, how many more
338 glasses equally? seconds will it take to fill it completely?
13 jugs 176 s

104 Course 3 • Chapter 7 Congruence and Similarity

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 3 Homework Practice

Similarity and Transformations
Determine if the two figures are similar by using transformations.
Explain your reasoning.
1. 2. R S
A

E B

F
T V
U
G
X W

Yes; a dilation of 2 maps Yes; a rotation of 90°

ABC onto EFG. maps RSTU onto VWXT.
3. 4. M P
G

N OQ
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

H I
R
K L T

No; the ratio of side lengths No; the ratio of the length of the
are not equal; parallelograms is not equal to the
GH
−− 6
=− HI
, while −− 5
=− . heights of the parallelograms;
JK 6 KL 4 NO 3 height of taller 6
−− =− , while −−−−−−−−−− = − .
QT 3 height of shorter 5
5. MURALS Jenna is creating a mural for her bedroom wall. She would like to copy a
picture that is 2 inches by 2.5 inches. She uses a copy machine to enlarge it by a factor
of 4. Then she projects it on her wall at a factor of 12. What are the dimensions of the
mural? Are the pictures similar? 96 in. by 120 in.; yes

6. BIOLOGY Mr. Fletcher is looking at a 0.5 millimeter section of plant under a microscope.
The plant section appears enlarged by a scale factor of 10 when looking through the
microscope. He uses the camera on the microscope to photograph what is seen through
the lenses at a scale factor of 20. What is the length of the section of plant in the
photograph? 100 mm

Course 3 • Chapter 7 Congruence and Similarity 105

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 3 Problem-Solving Practice

Similarity and Transformations
1. Stephanie has a photo of her family 2. An architect is designing a decorative
that she is placing in a frame. The window. The window uses similar
original photo is 5 inches by 7 inches. parallelograms. If parallelogram
She enlarges the photo by a scale ABEG is similar to parallelogram
factor of 2 to place in her room. She ACDF, what is the length of AF? 4 ft
then enlarges this photo by a scale
A 3 ft B C
factor of 1.5 to place above her
fireplace. What are the dimensions of 2 ft
the photo above her fireplace? Are the G
E

enlarged photos similar to the

original?
15 inches by 21 inches; All F 6 ft
D

three photos are similar since

each enlargement was the
result of a dilation.

3. An iron-on measures 3 inches by 4. Casey is reducing the size of her

4 inches. It is enlarged by a scale painting to make it into a postcard.
factor of 2 for a t-shirt. The second The painting is 12 inches by 20
iron-on is enlarged by a scale factor of inches. She will reduce it by a scale
3 for a bag. What are the dimensions 1
factor of − . What are the dimensions
of the largest ironon? Are both of the 4

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
of the postcard?
enlarged iron-ons similar to the
original?
3 inches by 5 inches
18 inches by 24 inches; yes

5. Ryan is using tiles in his bathroom. 6. For an art show, an artist is projecting
He chooses 1-inch by 2-inch tiles for a piece of art 5 inches by 7 inches
the border and would like tiles that onto a white wall. It will be enlarged
are similar to the border as the by a scale factor of 12. What are the
interior tiles. The interior tiles will be dimensions of the art on the wall?
larger by a scale factor of 3.5. What 60 inches by 84 inches
are the dimensions of the interior
tiles?
3.5 inches by 7 inches

106 Course 3 • Chapter 7 Congruence and Similarity

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 4 Homework Practice

Properties of Similar Polygons
Determine whether each pair of polygons is similar. Explain.
1. 5 2. 15 15
22.8
12 24 7.6 8
13 5
45
15 17

Yes; the corresponding angles are

8 15 22.8 45 24
congruent and −− = −−− = −− = −− .
8 15 5 7.6 15 8
No; − ≠ −− .
5 12

Each pair of polygons is similar. Find each missing side measure.

3. 4 10 4. 3 18
6 9
4
5.6
x 12
x
18

6
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

4 5.6 x 6
−− = −−
x ; 14
−− = −− ;9
10 18 12

5. 6 4.5
6.
3.5
4 x
4 x 20

6 14
5

6 4 x 5
−− =−
x ;3
− = −− ;2
4.5 8 20

7. TILES A blue rectangular tile and a red rectangular tile are similar.
The blue tile has a length of 10 inches and a perimeter of 30 inches.
The red tile has a length of 6 inches. What is the perimeter of the
red tile? 18 in.

Course 3 • Chapter 7 Congruence and Similarity 107

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 4 Problem-Solving Practice

Properties of Similar Polygons

1. JOURNALISM The editor of the school 2. PHOTOCOPIES Lydia plans to use a

newspaper must reduce the size of a photocopy machine to increase the size
graph to fit in one column. The original of a small chart that she has made as
graph is 2 inches by 2 inches, and the part of her science project. The original
scale factor from the original to the chart is 4 inches by 5 inches. If she uses
reduced graph is 8:3. Find the a scale factor of 5:11, will the chart fit
dimensions of the graph as it will 1
on a sheet of paper 8 − inches by
appear in one column of the newspaper. 2
11 inches? Explain.
3 3 4
− in. by − in. No; it will be 8 − in. by 11 in.
4 4 5

3. MICROCHIPS The image of a microchip 4. PROJECTIONS A drawing on a

in a projection microscope measures transparency is 11.25 centimeters wide
8 inches by 10 inches. The width of by 23.5 centimeters tall. The width of
the actual chip is 4 millimeters. How the image of the drawing projected onto
long is the chip? 5 mm a screen is 2.7 meters. How tall is the
drawing on the screen? 5.64 m

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
5. GEOMETRY Polygon ABCD is similar to 6. KITES A toy company produces two kites
polygon FGHI. Each side of polygon whose shapes are geometrically similar.
1 Find the length of the missing side of
ABCD is 3 − times longer than the
4 the smaller kite. 18.75 in.
corresponding side of polygon FGHI.
Find the perimeter of polygon ABCD. 25 in.
25 in.
$
# x in.
30 in.
30 in.
22.5 in.
2 in. )
(
3 in.
" 5 in
'
3 in.
*
%
1
42 − in.
4
108 Course 3 • Chapter 7 Congruence and Similarity
 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 5 Homework Practice

Similar Triangles and Indirect Measurement
In Exercises 1– 4, the triangles are similar. Write a proportion and
solve the problem.
1. TREES How tall is Yori? 6.25 ft 2. TREASURE HUNT How far is it from the
hut to the gold coins? 10 yd
Shovel

25 ft
18 yd
Gold
h ft x yd Coins
Hut
5 ft
Silver Coins 15 yd
20 ft 12 yd

Jewels

3. LAKE How deep is the water 31.5 feet 4. SURVEYING How far is it across the
from the shore? 10.5 ft pond? 312 m
3
31.5 ft


N
6 ft B D 
N
A
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

2 ft

N

d ft 4
C 5

E
6
7 E
N

For Exercise 5, draw a diagram of the situation. Then

write a proportion and solve the problem.
5. ARCH The Gateway Arch in St. Louis,
Missouri, is 630 feet tall. Suppose a
12-foot-tall pole that is near the Arch
casts a 5-foot shadow. How long is the 630 ft
Arch’s shadow? 262.5 ft

12 ft

Y ft 
GU

Course 3 • Chapter 7 Congruence and Similarity 109

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 5 Problem-Solving Practice

Similar Triangles and Indirect Measurement
1. HEIGHT Eduardo is 6 feet tall and casts 2. LIGHTING If a 25-foot-tall house casts a
a 12-foot shadow. At the same time, 75-foot shadow at the same time that a
Diane casts an 11-foot shadow. How tall streetlight casts a 60-foot shadow, how
is Diane? tall is the streetlight? 20 ft
1
5− ft
2

1
3. FLAGPOLE Lena is 5 − feet tall and casts 4. LANDMARKS A woman who is 5 feet
2
an 8-foot shadow. At the same time, a 5 inches tall is standing near the
flagpole casts a 48-foot shadow. How Space Needle in Seattle, Washington.
tall is the flagpole? 33 ft She casts a 13-inch shadow at the same
time that the Space Needle casts a
121-foot shadow. How tall is the Space
Needle? 605 ft

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
5. NATIONAL MONUMENTS A 42-foot 6. ACCESSIBILITY A ramp slopes upward
flagpole near the Washington from the sidewalk to the entrance of a
Monument casts a shadow that is building at a constant incline. If the
14 feet long. At the same time, the ramp is 2 feet high when it is 5 feet
Washington Monument casts a shadow from the sidewalk, how high is the
that is 185 feet long. How tall is the ramp when it is 7 feet from the
Washington Monument? 555 ft sidewalk? 2.8 ft

2 ft

5 ft

110 Course 3 • Chapter 7 Congruence and Similarity

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 6 Homework Practice

Slope and Similar Triangles
Graph each pair of similar triangles. Then write a proportion
comparing the rise to the run for each of the similar slope triangles
and find the numeric value.
1. EFG with vertices E(1,9), F(1,5), and 2. JNL with vertices J(-3,3), N(-3,-3),
G(2,5); GHI with vertices G(2,5), and L(5,-3); KML with vertices
H(1,2), and I(3,1) K(1,0), M(1,-3), and L(5,-3)
y E y
J

G K
F O x

N M L
H I
O x

EF GH 4 JN KM 3
−− = −− , or - − −− = −− , or - −
FG HI 1 NL ML 4

3. RST with vertices R(1,6), S(1,-6), and 4. DEF with vertices D(-6,5), E(-6,2),
T(-3,-6); UVW with vertices U(-1,0), and F(-2,2); FMW with vertices
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

V(-1,-3), and W(-2,-3) F(-2,2), M(-2,-4), and W(6,-4)

y R y
D

F
E
U
O x O x

W
V
M W
T S

RS UV 3 DE FM 3
−− = −− , or − −− = −−− , or - −
ST VW 1 EF MW 4

Course 3 • Chapter 7 Congruence and Similarity 111

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 6 Problem-Solving Practice

Slope and Similar Triangles
1. The slope of a roof line is also called the 2. A carpenter is building a set of steps for
pitch. Find the pitch of the roof shown. a bunk bed. The plan for the steps is
y
shown below. Using points A and B, find
B the slope of the line up the steps. Then
verify that the slope is the same at a
A different location by choosing a
different set of points.
y

O x
D
3
− C
5
B
O A x

2
m=− ; See students’ work for
3
other slope.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
3. A ladder is leaning up against the side 4. The graph shows the plans for a bean
of a house. Use two points to find the bag tossing game. Use two points to
slope of the ladder. Then verify that the find the slope of the game. Then verify
slope is the same at a different location that the slope is the same at a different
by choosing a different set of points. location by choosing a different set
y of points.
y

C
x
B
O A A
O x

m = 3; See students’ work

1
for other slope. m=− ; See students’ work for
4
other slope.

112 Course 3 • Chapter 7 Congruence and Similarity

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 7 Homework Practice

Area and Perimeter of Similar Figures
For each pair of similar figures, find the perimeter of the second figure.
1. 24 ft 2.
3 in.
2 in.
20 ft

10 ft 1 = 12 in. 1=?

18 in.
1 = 48 ft 1=?

3. 4. 20 in.
60 cm
10 cm
5 cm
9 in.
1 = 30 cm 1=? 6 in.

1 = 30 in. 1=?

5.

27 m 90 m
18 m

1
=
135 m 1
=
?
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

6. A triangle has a side length of 4 inches and an area of 18 square inches

and a larger similar triangle has a corresponding side length of 8 inches.
Find the area of the larger triangle. 72 in2

7. A rectangle has a side length of 3 feet and an area of 24 square feet. A

larger similar rectangle has a corresponding side length of 9 feet. Find
the area of the larger rectangle. 216 ft2

8. FLOWER GARDEN A rectangular shaped flower garden has a length of

5 yards and an area of 15 square yards. A neighbor’s flower garden is
similar and has a length of 7 yards. What is the area of the neighbor’s
flower garden? Round your answer to the nearest whole number. 29 yd2

Course 3 • Chapter 7 Congruence and Similarity 113

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 7 Problem-Solving Practice

Area and Perimeter of Similar Figures
1. MATS Mike has 2 mats that are in the 2. AREA Using the same mats as in
shape of triangles. The scale factor of Exercise 1, what is the ratio of the
7 areas of Mike’s mats?
the 2 triangular mats is − . What is the
9 49
ratio of the perimeters? −−
81
7
−
9

3. QUILTING Joan has 2 similar 4. AREA Using the same quilting pieces
rectangular-shaped pieces that she is from Exercise 3, what is the area of the
using for her quilt. One has width larger rectangular piece? 54 in2
4 inches and length 6 inches and the
other has a width of 6 inches. What is
the perimeter of the larger rectangular
piece? 30 in.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
5. GEOMETRY Draw similar rectangles 6. GEOMETRY Draw similar triangles
2 3
that are in the ratio of − . What is the whose sides are in the ratio of − . What
3 4
ratio of the areas of the rectangles you is the ratio of the perimeters of the
4
drew? See students’ work; − triangles you drew?
. 3
9 See students’ work; − .
4

114 Course 3 • Chapter 7 Congruence and Similarity

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 1 Homework Practice

Volume of Cylinders
Find the volume of each cylinder. Round to the nearest tenth.
1. 10 ft 2. 14 m 3. 9 yd 4 yd
471.2 ft 3 1,693.3 m3

6 ft

11 m
1,017.9 yd3

4. 5. 12.7 mm 6. 4.2 cm 58.2 cm3

23 in.

3 mm
2.1 cm
1,156.1 in 3 8 in. 89.8 mm 3

1
7. CONTAINER What is the volume of a barrel that has a diameter of 1− feet
3 2
and a height of 4 feet? 7.1 ft

ESTIMATION Match each cylinder with its approximate volume.

8. diameter = 4 cm, height = 3.6 cm D a. 116 cm3
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

9. radius = 2.7 cm, height = 5 cm B b. 115 cm3

10. radius = 3 cm, height = 4.1 cm A c. 106 cm3

11. diameter = 8.2 cm, height = 2 cm C d. 45 cm3

12. FUEL Two fuel tanks with the dimensions shown have the same volume.
What is the value of h? 2
8 ft 6 ft

3 ft
h

Course 3 • Chapter 8 Volume and Surface Area 115

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 1 Problem-Solving Practice

Volume of Cylinders
1. WATER STORAGE A cylindrical water 2. PACKAGING A can of corn has a
tank has a diameter of 5.3 meters and diameter of 6.6 centimeters and a
a height of 9 meters. What is the height of 9.9 centimeters. How much
maximum volume that the water tank corn can the can hold? Round to the
can hold? Round to the nearest tenth. nearest tenth.
198.6 m3 338.7 cm3

3. CONTAINERS Felisa wants to determine 4. GLASS Antoine is designing a new,

the maximum capacity of a cylindrical cylindrical drinking glass. If the glass
bucket that has a radius of 6 inches has a diameter of 8 centimeters and a
and a height of 12 inches. What is the height of 12.8 centimeters, what is its
capacity of Felisa’s bucket? Round to volume? Round to the nearest tenth.
the nearest tenth. 1,357.2 in3 643.4 cm3

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
5. PAINT A can of paint is 15 centimeters 6. SPICES A spice manufacturer uses a
high and has a diameter of 13.6 cm. cylindrical dispenser like the one
What is the volume of the can? Round shown. Find the volume of the
to the nearest tenth. 2,179.0 cm3 dispenser to the nearest tenth.
27.2 in3 1.7 in.

3 in.

116 Course 3 • Chapter 8 Volume and Surface Area

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 2 Homework Practice

Volume of Cones
Find the volume of each cone. Round to the nearest tenth.
1. 2 in. 20.9 in3 2. 20 mm 10,053.1 mm3

5 in. 24 mm

3. 589.0 in3 4. 567.7 ft3

7.4 ft

10 in.

9.9 ft
15 in.

5. 234.6 cm3 6. 2,094.4 in3

14 cm
20 in.

8 cm
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

20 in.

7. 1,608.5 in3 8. 7,068,583.5 mm3

300 mm

24 in.

300 mm
16 in.

9. height: 26.8 centimeters; radius: 12 centimeters 4,041.3 cm3

10. height: 34 feet; diameter: 9.8 feet 854.9 ft3

Find the area of the base of each cone.

11. volume: 36 cubic inches; height: 9 inches 12 in2

12. volume: 238 cubic centimeters; height: 74 centimeters 9.6 in2

Course 3 • Chapter 8 Volume and Surface Area 117
NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 2 Problem-Solving Practice

Volume of Cones
1. DESSERT Find the volume of the ice 2. SALT Lecretia uses a small funnel as
cream cone shown below. Round to the shown below to fill her salt shaker. Find
nearest tenth. 7.5 in3 the volume of the funnel. Round to the
1.2 in.
nearest tenth. 0.5 in3

2 in.

5 in.
0.5 in.

3. ENTRYWAY The top of the stone posts at 4. PAPERWEIGHT Marta bought a

the entry to an estate are in the shape paperweight in the shape of a cone.
of a cone as shown below. Find the The radius was 10 centimeters and the
volume of stone needed to make the top height 9 centimeters. Find the volume.
of the post. Round to the nearest tenth. Round to the nearest tenth.
5.3 ft3 942.5 cm3
2.6 ft

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
1.4 ft

5. LAMPSHADE A lampshade is in the shape 6. CANDY A piece of candy is in the shape

of a cone. The diameter is 5 inches and of a cone. The height of the candy is
the height 6.5 inches. Find the volume. 2 centimeters and the diameter is
Round to the nearest tenth. 1 centimeter. Find the volume. Round
42.5 in3 to the nearest tenth. 0.5 cm3

118 Course 3 • Chapter 8 Volume and Surface Area

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 3 Homework Practice

Volume of Spheres
Find the volume of each cone. Round to the nearest tenth.
1. 2.
40 mm 22 in.

268,082.8 mm3 44,602.3 in3

3. 4.

34 in.

7 cm

718.4 cm3 82,318.1 in3

5. 6. 9 in.

48 mm
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

463,246.7 mm3 3,053.6 in3

7. 8. 12 mm

6.7 ft

629.9 ft3 3,619.1 mm3

9. The radius of a mini-basketball is 4 inches. What is the volume? Round to the nearest
tenth. 268.1 in3

10. A necklace has a single pearl with a radius of 2.1 millimeters. What is the volume of
the pearl? Round to the nearest tenth. 38.8 mm3

Course 3 • Chapter 8 Volume and Surface Area 119

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 3 Problem-Solving Practice

Volume of Spheres
1. DESSERT A scoop of ice cream is in the 2. TOYS A playground ball has a radius of
shape of a sphere. The diameter of the 7.5 inches. Find the volume of the ball.
scoop of ice cream is 2.5 inches. Find Round to the nearest tenth.
the volume of the ice cream. Round to 1,767.1 in3
the nearest tenth. 8.2 in3

3. GLOBE A globe has a diameter of 4. JEWELRY Jackie is using spherical

14 inches. Find the volume of the globe. beads to create a border on a picture
Round to the nearest tenth. frame. Each bead has a diameter of
1,436.8 in3 1.5 millimeters. Find the volume of
each bead. Round to the nearest tenth.
1.8 mm3

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
5. DECORATION A glass ball is used to 6. BALLOONS Mrs. McCullough is
decorate a garden. The radius of the purchasing balloons for a party. Each
ball is 25 centimeters. Find the volume. spherical balloon is inflated with
Round to the nearest tenth. helium. How much helium is in the
8,181.2 cm3 balloon if the balloon has a radius of
9 centimeters? Round to the nearest
tenth. 3,053.6 cm3

120 Course 3 • Chapter 8 Volume and Surface Area

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Homework Practice
Problem-Solving Investigation: Solve a Simpler Problem
Mixed Problem Solving
Use the solve a simpler problem strategy Use any strategy to solve Exercises 3–5.
to solve Exercises 1 and 2. Some strategies are shown below.
1. CHECKERS A checkerboard has 8 squares Problem-Solving Strategies
on each side. How many squares of
• Work backward.
different sizes (1-by-1, 2-by-2, etc) are
• Look for a pattern.
there on a checkboard? 204 squares
• Choose an operation.

3. SPORTS Every 12 times at bat, Simon

hits the ball 3 times. About how many
times will he hit the ball after 20 times
at bat? 40? 84? 5, 10, 21

2. ADDRESSES The buildings on Daugherty 4. NUMBERS A number is halved. Then

Road are even-numbered from 12 to 136. three is subtracted from the quotient,
How many buildings have an address and 5 is multiplied by the difference.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

with at least one 4? 17 Finally, 1 is added to the product. If the

ending number is 26, what was the
beginning number? 16

5. TILES A kitchen is 10 feet long and

8 feet wide. If kitchen floor tiles are
1
2− inches by 3 inches, how many tiles
2
are needed for the kitchen?
1,536 tiles

Course 3 • Chapter 8 Volume and Surface Area 121

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Problem-Solving Practice
Problem-Solving Investigation: Solve a Simpler Problem
Solve.

1. DESKS The desks in your classroom are 2. FENCING A dog owner has 120 feet of
arranged in rows. You sit in the third fencing. She wants to enclose the
seat from the right and the third seat greatest possible area for her dog. What
from the left. Your seat is the fourth whole number dimensions should she
from the front and the third from the use? a square 30 feet by 30 feet
back. How many desks are in your
classroom? 25 desks

3. BAND A marching band is in a 4. TABLES A restaurant has 23 square

triangular formation. There is 1 band tables that fit one person per side.
member in the first row. Each row after How many people can be seated if all
that contains 4 more members. There 23 tables were joined together on
are 7 rows in all. How many band one side? 48 people
members are there? 91 members

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
5. CALENDAR How many days are between 6. GARDENING Mr. Sanchez has a flower
May 20th and September 29th? bed with a length of 10 meters and a
132 days width of 5 meters. If he can only change
the width, describe what he can do to
increase the perimeter by 12 meters.
He can increase the width to
11 meters.

122 Course 3 • Chapter 8 Volume and Surface Area

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 4 Homework Practice

Surface Area of Cylinders
Find the total surface area of each cylinder. Round to the nearest
tenth.
1. 4 in. 15 in. 2. 7m

2m

477.5 in2 395.8 m2

3. 4. 3.2 ft
26 cm

11
.6
ft
cm
12

2,042.0 cm2 132.7 ft2

Estimate the total surface area of each cylinder.

5. 3.9 cm 6. 13.8 in.
10.1 in.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

1.8 cm

Sample answer: Sample answer:

2(3)(4)(2) + 2(3)(42) = 144 cm2 3(10)(14) + 2(3)(52) = 570 in2

7. FENCE POST A cylindrical wooden fence post has a radius of 4 inches and a
height of 48 inches. Find the surface area of the fence post. Round to the
nearest tenth. 1,306.9 in2

8. POSTER Walt is wrapping a poster enclosed in a cylindrical tube. The tube has
a diameter of 6 centimeters and a length of 50 centimeters. Find the amount of
wrapping paper Walt needs. Round to the nearest tenth. 999.0 cm2

Course 3 • Chapter 8 Volume and Surface Area 123

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 4 Problem-Solving Practice

Surface Area of Cylinders
1. CONTAINERS A company is comparing 2. CONTAINERS Find the total surface area
the amount of cardboard needed for the of the cylindrical container in Exercise
two containers shown. The volume of 1. Round to the nearest tenth. Which
the containers is about the same. Find container has the smaller surface
the surface area of the rectangular area? 168.6 in2; cylinder
prism container. Round to the nearest
tenth. 186.4 in2
4.4 in.

10 in.

10 in.

3.8 in.

4 in.

3. PILLOW Brooke is making a cylindrical 4. STAIRWELL The stairwell in a museum

bolster pillow for her couch. The pillow is in the shape of a cylinder. The
is 18 inches long and has a radius of diameter is 20 feet and the height is

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
5 inches. Find the amount of fabric 100 feet. The museum needs to paint
needed for the pillow. Round to the the inside of the stairwell. Find total
nearest tenth. 722.6 in2 the surface area. Round to the nearest
tenth. 6,911.5 ft2

5. WATER SLIDE A tube for a water slide is 6. TUNNEL A tunnel over a highway is in
cylindrical. The tube is 40 yards long the shape of half a cylinder as shown.
and has a radius of 2 yards. Find the Find the lateral surface area of the
lateral surface area. Round to the inside of the tunnel. Do not include the
nearest tenth. bottom which is the highway. Round to
502.7 yd2 the nearest tenth.
15,708.0 ft2

200 ft

50 ft

124 Course 3 • Chapter 8 Volume and Surface Area

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 5 Homework Practice

Surface Area of Cones
Find the lateral and total surface areas of each cone. Round to the nearest tenth
if necessary.
1. 2.

22 ft 15 ft

9 ft
15 ft

lateral: 621.7 ft2 lateral: 353.4 ft2

total: 876.5 ft2 total: 530.1 ft2

3. 4. A = 28.3 in.2

15 cm

6 in.
13 cm

lateral: 612.3 cm2 lateral: 56.5 in2

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

total: 1,143.5 cm2 total: 84.8 in2

5. 6.

7 cm 12 cm

0.5 cm 5 cm

lateral: 11 cm2 lateral: 204.2 cm2

total: 11.8 cm2 total: 282.7 cm2

7. ALGEBRA A cone has a lateral surface area of 62.8 square yards. If the slant height is
2 yards, what is the total surface area of the cone? 377 yd2

Course 3 • Chapter 8 Volume and Surface Area 125

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 5 Problem-Solving Practice

Surface Area of Cones
1. PARTY HATS Cone-shaped paper hats 2. TRAFFIC CONES A 12-inch highway
have a radius of 8 centimeters and the traffic cone is a “truncated cone”. That
slant height is 20 centimeters. How is, a small cone is cut off the top.
many square centimeters of paper are Calculate the lateral area of the
needed to make each hat? Round your truncated cone. Round to the nearest
answer to the nearest tenth. tenth. 197.7 in2
502.7 cm2
2.1 in.
radius 0.625 in.

in.
14.7
12 in.

8.75 in.

3. TEEPEES Julie trying to build a teepee 4. SCOOPS Audrey uses a metal scoop to
for a school project on Native measure the correct amount of food to
Americans. Teepees are approximately give to her horse. The scoop is shaped
the shape of a cone. If the diameter is like a cone with a diameter of 6 inches
to be 12 feet and the slant height is and a slant eight of 8.5 inches. What is

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
about 15.4 feet, what is the lateral area the lateral area of the cone? Round to
of the cone? Round to the nearest tenth. the nearest tenth. 80.1 in2
290.3 ft2

5. ART Find the total surface area of the 6. COSTUMES Adrienne is making
sculpture shown below. 100.5 ft2 costumes for the school play. She needs
4 ft
to make eight medieval hats in the
shape of cones. She wants each hat to
be 18 inches for a slant height and the
bases of have a diameter of 7 inches.
How much material will she use to
12 ft make the hats? Round to the nearest
tenth. 1,583.4 in2

126 Course 3 • Chapter 8 Volume and Surface Area

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 6 Homework Practice

Changes in Dimensions
1. The surface area of a cube is 400 square millimeters. What is the
surface area of a similar cube that is larger by a scale factor of 3?
3,600 mm2

2. CANDLES The volume of a candle is 8 cubic inches. What is the volume

of a similar candle that is larger by a scale factor of 1.5? 27 in3

3. TRAVEL The volume of a suitcase is 4.2 cubic feet. What is the volume
of a suitcase that is smaller by a factor of 0.9? Round to the nearest
tenth. 3.1 ft3

4. DELI A deli owner uses 215 square centimeters of plastic wrap to cover
a wedge of cheese. How many square centimeters of plastic wrap
would she need to cover a wedge of cheese with a similar shape that is
1
smaller by a scale factor of − ? Round to the nearest tenth. 53.8 cm2
2

5. CRACKERS A box of crackers has a volume of 48 cubic

inches. What is the volume of a similar box that is
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

2
smaller by a scale factor of − ? about 14.2 in3
3

6. The surface area of a pyramid is 88 square feet.

a. What is the surface area of a similar pyramid that is

larger by a scale factor of 5? 2,200 ft2

b. What is the surface area of a similar pyramid that is

larger by a scale factor of 8? 5,632 ft2

c. What is the surface area of a similar pyramid that is

1
smaller by a scale factor of −− ? Round to the nearest
10
tenth. 0.9 ft2

7. A cylinder was enlarged by a scale factor of 4. The new volume is

2,240 cubic units. What was the volume of the original cylinder?
35 units3

Course 3 • Chapter 8 Volume and Surface Area 127

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 6 Problem-Solving Practice

Changes in Dimensions
PACKING Use the table for Exercises 1–3. The table Volume of Packing Boxes, in3
shows the volumes of three types of packing boxes
offered by a moving company. Type A 5,000
Type B 7,500
Type C 10,000

1. Taso needs a box that is similar to Type 2. Kristina needs a box that is similar to
1
A but that is larger by a scale factor of Type C but is smaller by a factor of − .
2
2.5. What would be the volume of this What would be the volume of this
box? 78,125 in3 box? 1,250 in3

3. The moving company used to offer Type 4. DECORATION Odell had a cone-shaped
D, which was similar in shape to Type decoration on her dresser. It has a
B, but was larger by a scale factor of 3. volume of 6,800 cubic millimeters. What
1

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
What was the volume of Type D? is the volume of a similar cone that is −
5
202,500 in3 this size? 54.4 mm3

5. BIRD CAGE Buan built a bird cage with 6. DETERGENT For a limited time, a brand
a surface area of 540 square inches. Her of detergent is being sold in a larger
sister Sirib built a bird cage with a size for the same cost as the original
similar shape, and it is larger than size. The two boxes are similar in
Buan’s bird cage by a scale factor of shape. The surface area of the original
2.25. What is the surface area of Sirib’s box is 1,200 cubic centimeters and
bird cage? Round to the nearest the surface area of the larger box is
tenth. 2,733.8 in2 2,028 cubic centimeters. How much
greater is the height of the larger box
than the original box?
1.3 times greater

128 Course 3 • Chapter 8 Volume and Surface Area

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 1 Homework Practice

Scatter Plots
Interpret each scatter plot.
1. y 2. 100 y 3. 50 y

Pumpkin Weight
10 90 40

(pounds)
8 80 30
Games Won

6 70 20

(% cost new)
Car Value
4 60 10
2 x
50
x 0 30 60 90 120150
0 40 Growth Time (days)
0
0
0
0
0
10
20
30
40
50

30
Average Game Attendance
20
10
x
0 2 4 6 8 10
Car Age (yr)
no association; Sample negative; Sample answer: positive; Sample answer:
answer: The game As the age of the car increases, As the growth time increases,
attendance does not the value of the car decreases. the pumpkin weight increases.
affect the games won. There appears to be a There appears to be a
linear association. nonlinear association.
4. RIVER Construct a scatter plot of the river’s width and the water’s speed.
River Width (m) 15 18 20 28 30 32 38 40 42 45
Water Speed (km/h) 12.6 10.7 11.2 9.7 8.1 8.7 6.9 5.4 3.9 4.1
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

y
18
16
Water speed (km/h)

14
12
10
8
6
4
2
x
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
River Width (m)

5. DONATIONS Construct a scatter plot of the number y

45
of cars donated to a local charity over the past 40
five years since 2007. 35
Cars Donated

30
Years Since 2007 1 2 3 4 5 25
Number of Cars 14 21 30 28 35 20
15
10
5
x
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years Since 2007

Course 3 • Chapter 9 Scatter Plots and Data Analysis 129

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 1 Problem-Solving Practice

Scatter Plots
WAGES For Exercises 1 and 2, use the BRICKS For Exercises 3 and 4, use the
table below. table below.

Average Time
Years Since 2002 Bricks Remaining
Hourly Wage (minutes)
1 $12.25 0 600
2 $12.75 10 565
3 $13.50 20 530
4 $14.00 30 495
5 $14.75 40 460
6 $15.25 50 425

1. Construct a scatter plot of the data. 3. Construct a scatter plot of the data.
y y
16 600
Average Hourly Wage ($)

15
Bricks Remaining

14 500

13

12 400

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
x x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Years Since 2002 Time (minutes)

2. 4.
a. Does the scatter plot show a positive, a. Does the scatter plot show a positive,
negative, or no association? Explain. negative, or no association? Explain.
positive; Sample answer: negative; Sample answers: As
Each year wages increase. time passes, the numbers of
The increases are alternating bricks yet to be loaded is smaller.
between $0.50 and $0.75. There appears to be a linear
There appears to be a linear association.
association.
b. If an association exists, make a b. If an association exists, make a
conjecture about the hourly wages in conjecture about the number of bricks
2009. $16.00 remaining to be loaded after 1 hour and
10 minutes has passed. 355

130 Course 3 • Chapter 9 Scatter Plots and Data Analysis

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 2 Homework Practice

Lines of Best Fit
1. BALLOONS Salina is having a surprise party for her friend Ernie. The
table shows how many balloons she has been able to blow up by the end
of each 10-minute segment.
y
Time (min) 10 20 30 40 50 34
Balloons 3 12 15 16 21 32

Number of Balloons
28
a. Construct a scatter plot of the data. Then draw and 24
20
assess a line that seems to best represent the data.
16
12
8
b. Use the line of best fit to make a conjecture about the 4
number of balloons she will have blown up at the x
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
end of 70 minutes. Sample answer: 30 balloons
Time (min)

2. COMIC BOOKS Sidney is selling his comic book collection y

90
on the Internet. The scatter plot shows how many comic 80
books he has left at the end of each day.

Comic Books Left

70
60
a. Write an equation in slope-intercept form for the line 50
40
that is drawn.
30
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

Sample answer: y = -10x + 90 20

10
b. Use the equation to make a conjecture about the x
number of comic books he will have at the end 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

of the seventh day. 20 comic books Days

3. ICE RINK Maury has an ice rink in his back yard. The Ice Thickness (in.)
scatter plot shows the thickness of the ice relative 0 1 2 3

to the temperature. x
-1
-2
a. Write an equation in slope-intercept form for the line -3
Temperature (°F)

that is drawn. -4
-5
Sample answer: y = - 3x -6
-7
b. Use the equation to make a conjecture about the
1 -8
− inches. -9
3 y
-7°F

Course 3 • Chapter 9 Scatter Plots and Data Analysis 131

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 2 Problem-Solving Practice

Lines of Best Fit
FALL Haley has a leaf-raking company to help offset school costs.
The table shows how many bags of leaves Haley was able to
fill each hour. Use the information in the table to answer
Exercises 1 and 2.

Hour 1 2 3 4 5
Bags Filled 3 4 5 8 14

1. Construct a scatter plot of the data. 2. Use the line of best fit to make a
Then draw and assess a line that conjecture as to how many bags of
represents the data. leaves Haley will have filled at the end
y
of 7 hours of raking. 18 bags
18
16
14
Bags Filled

12
10
8
6
4
2
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Hours

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
BABY POOL Cleo’s baby pool has a leak. The scatter plot y
45
shows the amount of water left in the pool at the end
Water Left in Pool (gal)

of each 5-minute segment. Use the information in the 35

scatter plot to answer Exercises 3 and 4.
25

15

5
x
0 5 15 25 35 45
Time

3. Write an equation in slope-intercept 4. Use the equation to make a conjecture

form for the line that is drawn. about the amount of water left in the
3 pool after 40 minutes. 5 gal
Sample answer: y = - −− x + 35
4

132 Course 3 • Chapter 9 Scatter Plots and Data Analysis

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 3 Homework Practice

Two-Way Tables
For Exercises 1-6, use the Venn diagram
Steel Loops
at the right and the information below.
The Venn diagram compares the roller coasters at an
amusement park as to whether or not they are made of 2 6 4 2
steel and whether or not they have loops.

1. Complete the two-way table below. 2. How many roller coasters are at the
amusement park? 14
Steel Not Steel Total
Loops 6 4 10
No Loops 2 2 4
Total 8 6 14

3. Find the relative frequencies from the 4. Interpret the relative frequencies you
table in Exercise 1 by row. found in Exercise 3.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

Sample answer: Over half of the

Steel Not Steel Total roller coasters with loops are made
Loops 6
−−
4
= 0.60 −− = 0.40 −− = 1.00
10 of steel. Half of the roller coasters
10 10 10 without loops are made of steel.
2
No Loops − = 0.50
4
−24 = 0.50 −44 = 1.00

5. Find the relative frequencies from the 6. Interpret the relative frequencies you
table in Exercise 1 by column. Round to found in Exercise 5.
the nearest hundredth if necessary. Sample answer: Three fourths of
the steel roller coasters have loops,
Steel Not Steel and two thirds of the roller coasters
Loops 6
− = 0.75 −46 ≈ 0.67 not made of steel have loops.
8

2
No Loops − = 0.25
8
−26 ≈ 0.33

Total −88 = 1.00 −66 = 1.00

Course 3 • Chapter 9 Scatter Plots and Data Analysis 133

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 3 Problem-Solving Practice

Two-Way Tables
Solve.

1. Ricardo surveyed 110 eighth grade On Not on

students to find out if they have a Honor Honor Total
parttime job. There are 60 students Roll Roll
who have a part-time job, including Job 48 12 60
48 honor roll students. Half of the
No Job 25 25 50
students who do not have a job are
on the Honor Roll. Construct a Total 73 37 110
two-way table summarizing the data.

Customers entering a store

E-Reader No E-Reader Total
were asked what electronic
technology they own. The Laptop 20 8 28
results of the survey are
shown at the right. For No Laptop 45 22 67
Exercises 2 and 3, round
relative frequencies to the Total 65 30 95
nearest hundredth if
necessary.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
2. Find and interpret the relative 3. Find and interpret the relative
frequencies by row. frequencies by column.
20 8 28 20 45 65
−− ≈ 0.71, −− ≈ 0.29, −− = 1.00; −− ≈ 0.31, −− ≈ 0.69, −− = 1.00;
28 28 28 65 65 65
45 22 67 8 22 30
−− ≈ 0.67; −− ≈ 0.33, −− = 1.00; −− ≈ 0.27, −− ≈ 0.73, −− = 1.00;
67 67 67 30 30 30
Sample answer: Over two-thirds Sample answer: Less than one
of the customers who own third of the customers who
laptops also own E-readers.
Almost two thirds of the own E-readers own laptops.
customers who do not own Over two thirds of the
laptops own E-readers. customers who do not own
E-readers do not own laptops.

134 Course 3 • Chapter 9 Scatter Plots and Data Analysis

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Homework Practice
Problem-Solving Investigation: Use a Graph
Mixed Problem Solving
For Exercises 1 and 2, solve by using a Use any strategy to solve Exercises 3–5.
graph.
3. FLORIST Ms. Parker charges $29.95 for
1. RESTAURANTS Diners were asked which a bouquet of one dozen roses. Last year,
aspect of a dining experience was the she paid her supplier $4.50 per dozen
most important: the quality of the food, roses. This year, she paid $3.25 more
the friendliness of the server, or the cost per dozen. How much less profit did
of the meal. The graph shows the results she make this year on 20 dozen
of the survey. How many diners were bouquets? $65
surveyed? 125 diners
Most Important Aspect 4. TOUR BUS One bar in the graph shows
of Dining Experience the cost of operating a tour bus. The
80
70 other bar shows the amount of money
Number of Diners

60 received from the passengers. How

50 many passengers must ride the tour
40 bus to make a profit? at least
30 31 passengers
20
10 700
Amount
0 600 Cost of
Quality Friendliness Cost
Money (dollars) Received
Operations
of Food of Server of Meal 500
Aspect 400
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

300
200
2. COMMUTING Ms. Bonilla recorded 100
the amount of time it took her to drive
0 10 20 30 40 50
to work each morning. Make a graph of
the data in the table. Does the earliest Number of Passengers

time have the least travel time? yes

Departure Travel 5. TOWN MEETING The Waynesville

Day Time Time auditorium seats 375 people. In a survey
(A.M.) (min) of 50 residents, 6 stated that they plan
Mon. 7:21 17 to attend the next town hall meeting. If
Tues. 7:38 26 the town has 4,200 residents, how many
Wed. 7:32 22 would you expect to attend? Is the
auditorium large enough? 504; the
Thurs. 7:20 15
auditorium is not large enough.
Fri. 7:35 22
Check students’ graphs.

Course 3 • Chapter 9 Scatter Plots and Data Analysis 135

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Problem-Solving Practice
Problem-Solving Investigation: Use a Graph
For Exercises 1–6, solve by using a graph.

1. SURVEY A group of students were asked 2. SALES The graph shows the monthly
to name their favorite subject in school. sales of George’s Comic Book Shop.
The circle graph shows the results of Between which two months did sales
the survey. If 45 students choose math decrease the most? May and June
as their favorite subject, how many 8
y
students were surveyed? 7
225 students 6

Sales ($1,000)
5
.VTJD .BUI 4
 
3
&OHMJTI 2
"SU 1
 
x
4PDJBM   0

ne
ay
ar
r
4DJFODF

n
b

Ap
Ja
Fe

M
Ju
M
4UVEJFT
Month
3. EXERCISING Chuck runs the mile race at 4. JOBS Vidya and four friends mow lawns
every track meet. The graph shows his during summer vacation to earn money.
times, in minutes, for each meet. Did The graph shows how much each
Chuck’s time improve each time that he earned during each week of vacation. Is
ran the mile race? no there any relationship between the
amount that the friends earn each week
9:00
and the number of the week? no

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
8:50 100
Time (min)

8:40 90
8:30 80
Money Earned ($)

8:20 70
8:10 60
8:00 50
0 40
1 2 3 4 5
30
Meets 20
10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Week
5. ART EXHIBIT The graph shows the 6. SURVEY A group of students were asked
number of weekly visitors at an art to name their favorite color out of four
exhibit. How many more people visited colors. The circle graph shows the
the art exhibit during the week with results of the survey. If 150 students
the most visitors than the week with choose blue as their favorite color, how
the least visitors? 225 visitors many students chose green?
650 y 180 students
600
:FMMPX 3FE
550
Visitors

 
500
450 #MVF
400 (SFFO 
x 
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Week
136 Course 3 • Chapter 9 Scatter Plots and Data Analysis
 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 4 Homework Practice

Descriptive Statistics
For Exercises 1 and 2, find the mean, median, mode, and range of
each data set. Round to the nearest tenth if necessary.
1. The ages, in years, of the students in an art class: 23, 21, 19, 23, 24, 17, 15
mean: 20.3; median: 21; mode: 23; range: 9

2. The number of text messages sent in a week: 39, 41, 30, 14, 45, 40, 48, 39, 40, 35
mean: 37.1; median: 39.5; mode: 40; range: 34

For Exercises 3 and 4, find the five-number summary of each set of

data. Draw a box plot of the data.
3. The ages, in years, of the residents of a retirement Ages in Years
community are shown in the table.
86 83 98 99 81
86 95 84 79 90
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100104

4. The weekly amounts, in dollars, in a bank account are 169, 163, 153, 166, 149, 148, 146,
145, 152, 163, and 152.

142 148 154 160 166 172

5. What is a conclusion that can be drawn from the box plot for Exercise 4?
Sample answer: The top 50% is more spread out than the bottom 50%.

Course 3 • Chapter 9 Scatter Plots and Data Analysis 137

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 4 Problem-Solving Practice

Descriptive Statistics
1. The daily visitors to a carnival for one 2. Carlos read a novel for language arts
week in May are 125, 134, 132, 120, class. The minutes he read each night
145, 170, and 150. What is the mean are 40, 45, 35, 50, 25, 35, 60, 55, 40, and
number of visitors? Round to the 30. What is the median number of
nearest whole number. 139 visitors minutes Carlos read? 40 minutes

3. The ages, in years, of children at a 4. Latoya is saving to buy a digital

birthday party are 10, 12, 9, 7, 10, 12, camera. Her savings, in dollars, for the
14, 14, 10, and 16. What are the mean, last eight weeks are 27, 35, 35, 32, 26,
median, mode, and range of ages? 34, 36, 27, and 38. Which is greater:
Round to the nearest tenth. Latoya’s median weekly savings or
mean: 11.4, median: 11, Latoya’s mean weekly savings? Explain.
mode: 10, range: 9 median; Sample answer: The
median is $34 and the mean is
about $32.22. Since 34 > 32.22,
the median is greater.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
5. Find the five-number summary of the data in Exercise 3. Draw a box plot to represent
the data.

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

6. What is a conclusion that can be drawn from the box plot in Exercise 5?
Sample answer: The top 50% of ages is more spread out than the
bottom 50%.

138 Course 3 • Chapter 9 Scatter Plots and Data Analysis

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 5 Homework Practice

Measures of Variation
For Exercises 1 and 2, find the mean absolute deviation of each set of data. Round
to the nearest tenth if necessary. Describe what the mean absolute deviation
represents.
1. Exercise Time (min) 2. Food Items Donated
45 60 75 90 38 46 52
100 75 90 105 44 47 55
16.3; Sample answer: 4.3; Sample answer:
The average distance The average distance
each data value is each data value is
from the mean is from the mean is 4.3
16.3 minutes. food items.

3. Refer to the table in Exercise 1. The standard deviation is about 20.4 minutes. Describe
the data values that are within one standard deviation of the mean.
Exercise times between 59.6 and 100.4 minutes are within one
standard deviation of the mean.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

4. The table shows the selling prices of various

Tablet Prices ($)
laptops at two electronic stores.
Crazy for Keyboard
a. Find the mean absolute deviation for each Computers Kings
set of data. Round to the nearest hundredth. 150 500
Crazy for Computers: $358.30; 200 550
Keyboard Kings: $191.70 500 650
800 850
1,000 900
1,200 1,100
b. Write a sentence comparing their variation.
Sample answer: The prices of tablets at Crazy for Computers have a
greater variation that the prices of tablets at Keyboard Kings.

Course 3 • Chapter 9 Scatter Plots and Data Analysis 139

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 5 Problem-Solving Practice

Measures of Variation
The table shows the number of seventh and eighth graders on the Honor Roll each
grading period.

Grading Grading Grading Grading Grading Grading

Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 Period 4 Period 5 Period 6
Seventh
58 77 80 65 81 65
Graders
Eighth
70 78 74 83 79 72
Graders

1. Find the mean absolute deviation of the number of seventh graders on the Honor Roll.
Round to the nearest tenth. Describe what the mean absolute deviation means.
8.3; Sample answer: The average distance each data value is from the
mean is 8.3 students.

2. Find the mean absolute deviation of the number of eighth graders on the Honor Roll.
Describe what the mean absolute deviation means.
4; Sample answer: The average distance each data value is from the
mean is 4 students.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
3. Which students had less variation? Justify your answer.
eighth graders; Sample answer: Since 4 < 9, the eighth graders had
less variation.

4. The standard deviation of seventh graders on the Honor Roll is about 9.6. The
standard deviation of eighth graders on the Honor Roll is about 4.9. Describe how
this information supports your answer to Exercise 3.
Sample answer: The seventh grade mean is 71. So, the majority of
seventh graders on the Honor Roll were between 61.4 and 80.6
students. The mean eighth grade mean is 76. So, the majority of eighth
graders on the Honor Roll were between 71.1 and 80.9 students.
The eighth grade values were closer together.

140 Course 3 • Chapter 9 Scatter Plots and Data Analysis

 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 6 Homework Practice

Analyze Data Distributions
1. CARNIVALS The number of people that attended the
carnival each year is shown in the graph at the right. Carnival Attendance
40
a. Describe the shape of the distribution. Identify any

Attendance (thousands)
29
clusters, gaps, peaks, or outliers. 30 27
The distribution is not symmetric. There
20 16
is a cluster between 2012 and 2013 and 13
a peak at 2013. There are no gaps and 10
no outliers.
b. Describe the center and spread of the distribution. 0
2010 2011 2012 2013
Justify your response based on the shape of the
Year
distribution.
The distribution is not symmetric, so the median and interquartile
range are appropriate measures to use. The data are centered around
the median 21.5. The spread of the data around the center is 13.5.
2. APPLES Mr. Kelly’s homeroom went apple picking. Number of Pounds
The line plot shows the number of pounds of apples of Apples Picked
that were collected. ×
× × ×
a. Describe the shape of the distribution. Identify × × × × ×
any clusters, gaps, peaks, or outliers.
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
The distribution is symmetric. There is a
cluster from 18 to 22, no gaps, a peak at
20, and no outliers.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

b. Describe the center and spread of the distribution.

Justify your response based on the shape of the
distribution.
The distribution is symmetric, so the mean and mean absolute
deviation are appropriate measures to use. The data are centered
around the mean of 20. The spread of the data around the center is
about 0.9.
3. TEMPERATURE The line plot shows the high High Temperatures
temperatures for various days through the summer. ×
a. Describe the shape of the distribution. Identify ×
×
any clusters, gaps, peaks, or outliers. × ×
The distribution is not symmetric. There × ×
× × × ×
is a cluster from 97 to 98 and 101 to 102.
There is a gap between 98 and 101. The 97 98 99 100 101 102
peak is at 101 and there are not outliers.
b. Describe the center and spread of the distribution.
Justify your response based on the shape of the
distribution.
The distribution is not symmetric, so the median and interquartile
range are appropriate measures to use. The data are centered around
the median 101. The spread of the data around the center is 3.
Course 3 • Chapter 9 Scatter Plots and Data Analysis 141
NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ PERIOD _________

Lesson 6 Problem-Solving Practice

Analyze Data Distributions
FALL The line plot shows the number of restaurants people went to in the past
month. Use the information in the line plot to answer Exercises 1 and 2.
Number of Restaurants
×
× × ×
× × × × × × ×

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1. Describe the shape of the distribution 2. Describe the center and spread of the
shown. Identify any clusters, gaps, distribution. Justify your response
peaks, or outliers. based on the shape of the distribution.
The distribution is not The distribution is not
symmetric. There is a cluster symmetric, so the median and
between 3 and 5. There are gaps interquartile range are
between 0 and 2 and 6 and 9. appropriate measures to use.
The peak is at 5 and an outlier The data are centered around
at 9. the median of 4. The spread of
the data around the center is 3.

SPEED The graph shows the speeds of several

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
vehicles traveling down a highway. Use the Vehicle Speeds (mph)
10
Number of Vehicles

information in the graph to answer Exercises 3

8
and 4.
6
4
2
0
62 63 64 65 66
Speed (mph)

1. Describe the shape of the distribution 2. Describe the center and spread of the
shown. Identify any clusters, gaps, distribution. Justify your response
peaks, or outliers. based on the shape of the distribution.
The distribution is not The distribution is not
symmetric. There is a cluster symmetric, so the median and
between 65 and 66. There are no interquartile range are
gaps and there is a peak at 65. appropriate measures to use.
There are no outliers. The data are centered around
the median of 65. The spread of
the data around the center is 3.

142 Course 3 • Chapter 9 Scatter Plots and Data Analysis