Technological University (Pakokku) Journal: Engineering and Research Volume-01, Issue-01, August, 2019

Design of PLC Based Automatic Street Light Control System

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Aye Aye Khine Kyaw Soe Khaing
Department of Electronic Engineering Department of Electrical Power Engineering
Technological University (Yamethin) Technological University (Meiktila)
E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract— The design and construction of automatic circuit design and practical status observation of
light control system is elaborated in the system. The components. The required components and
purpose of this research is that the automatic street description are PLC, LDR, PIR sensor, LM7805
lighting system is described an approach to accomplish voltage regulator, transistor TIP 41C, resistor, relay,
the demand for flexible public lighting systems using a
fluorescent lamp.
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). The main
difference from other computers is that PLCs are
armored for severe conditions such as dust, moisture, 1. Programmable Logic Controller
heat, cold etc., and have the facility for extensive input PLC is a microprocessor based system that uses
and output (I/O) arrangements. In the proposed, street programmable memory to store instructions and
research, lights are controlled using FX2N- 20MT implement functions such as logic, sequencing,
Mitsubishi PLC taking the seasonal variations into timing, counting and arithmetic in order to control
consideration. In the proposed research, the street machines and processes. PLCs have been used in
lighting controller using Light Dependent Resistor industry in one form or another for the past twenty
(LDR) sensor and Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor are
over years. The PLC is designed as a replacement for
modeled and simulated using GX Developer PLC
software considering the seasonal variations. This the hardwired relay and timer logic to be found in
system can be automatically turned on and off the traditional control panels, where PLC provides ease
lights according to street light. This system operated and flexibility of control based on programming and
during the night and the focus is only for the one-way executing logic instructions. The internal functions
road at a junction. such as timers, counters and shift registers making
Keywords- PLC, LDR, PIR, street light sophisticated control possible using even the smallest
PLC.
I. Introduction of Street Light Control System
Nowadays, street lighting is essential for all areas 2. Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)
whether urban or rural since people know that street The LDR is a light- controlled variable resistor. The
light is an alternative during day and night in order to resistance of a LDR decreases with increasing
keep the safety of the road users. Street lights incident light intensity. A LDR are very useful
management control is quite simple yet as the especially in light and dark sensor circuits. Normally
urbanization, the number of streets increased rapidly. the resistance of an LDR is very high, sometimes as
Computer control and information system technology high as 1000000 ohms, but when they are illuminated
is applied widely in most of the process industry, with light resistance drops dramatically. Electronic
because it may produce significant technical and onto sensors are the devices that alter their electrical
economic benefits. characteristics, in the presences of visible or invisible
Automation is intended to reduce man power with the light. The best- known devices of these types are the
help of intelligent systems. Power saving is the main LDR, the photo diode and the phototransistors.
consideration forever as the sources of the power are
getting diminished due to various reasons. The main 3. PIR Sensor
aim of the research is automatic street power saving Passive Infrared Sensor popularly known as PIR
system with LDR; this is to save the power. The sensor. The sensor is basically made of a pyro electric
system wants to save power automatically instead of sensor. This rectangular size sensor has some basic
doing manual. So it’s easy to make cost effectiveness. features like it has 3 pins. One pin is VCC, another
This system is an ideal application for campus and pin is for output named OUT and last pin is GND. For
village street lighting. Principal areas of usage include supplying power needs 3.3-5V. When motion is
industrial lighting, street lighting, hostel lighting, detected, it provides 3v high digital pulse.
commercial lighting, the automatic room light control.
This research is developed to control the street light 4. Voltage Regulator (LM7805)
automatically. The main modules in this research are The 7805 (sometimes LM7805) is a family of self-
PIR sensor, LDR sensor and PLC .The PLC programs contained fixed linear voltage regulator integrated
are written in ladder diagram. This will be very useful circuits. The 78xx family is commonly used in
in industries. In future, this can be implemented with electronic circuits requiring a regulated power supply
artificial intelligence. due to their ease-of- use and low cost. 78xx and 79xx
ICs can be used in combination to provide positive
II. Devices and Components and negative supply voltages in the same circuit.
To implement of the desire research, the target is to There are three pins in IC 7805 The input voltage
arrange all required components and module as per range is minimum 7V to maximum 35V and the
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 Technological University (Pakokku) Journal: Engineering and Research Volume-01, Issue-01, August, 2019

current rating is 1A. The output voltage range is value is less than K409, M0 is ON. Then, ADC value
minimum 4.8V and maximum 5.2V. is compared with K614. If ADC value is greater than
5. Relay K614, M10 is ON.
The relay is an electromagnetic device which is used
to isolate two circuits electrically and connect them
magnetically. This is used to interface an electronic
circuit to electrical circuit which works at very high
voltage. For example, a relay can make a 5V DC
battery circuit to switch a 230V AC means circuit.

III. Test and Result

The operator interface program is designed using GX
Developer software using ladder program. GX
Developer software is used to simulate program using
Figure 2 First Step of Ladder Diagram
PC and the hardware implementation, measuring and
testing for the proposed design is focused.

1. Flowchart for Street Light Control System

In this flow chart, there a several levels experienced
prior to the research completion. The flowchart of
automatic street light control system using PLC is
shown in Figure 1.
START

LDR Sense the NO

night? Figure 3. Second Step of Ladder Diagram

YES
In the third step, M0, M10 and S0 is inputs and S0
is also output. M0 is normally opened and M10 is
YES
PIR1 detect
L1 switch ON normally closed. If M0 is ON and M10 is OFF, state
movement?
relay S0 is ON. In the next scan time, S0 will be
NO always ON because S0 is the self-energizing loop.

PIR2 detect YES L2 switch ON and L1 switch

movement? OFF

NO

PIR3 detect YES L3 switch ON and L2 switch

movement? OFF

10s Timer Up

NO
Figure 4. Third Step of Ladder Diagram
L3 switch OFF In the fourth step, S0 and X000 are inputs and
Y000 and S1 are outputs. If both S0 and X000 inputs
are ON, Y000 and S1 output are ON and Y000 is self-
END
energizing. In the next cycle, Y000 will be always
Figure 1. Overall Flowchart of Automatic Street Light ON even S0 and X000 are OFF.
Control System
2. Testing of Ladder Diagram
In the first step, M8000 is input. M8000 is normally
opened and it is a special internal memory relay of
FX2N PLC. When the PLC is started, this internal
relay is ON and starts the 100ms timer T2 with
number K100 for 10s delay. In the second step,
M8000 and T2 are inputs and M0 and M10 are
outputs. When the PLC is started and 10s delay timer
T2 is ON, ADC0 value is read from D8030 data
memory and move this value to D0. After reading Figure 5. Fourth Step of Ladder Diagram
ADC value, compare this value with K409. If ADC

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Technological University (Pakokku) Journal: Engineering and Research Volume-01, Issue-01, August, 2019

In the fifth step, S0, X1 and S1 are inputs and Y1, shown in Figure 9. This circuit is controlled by a PLC
S2, Y0 and S1 are outputs. If all of S0, X1 and S1 are FX2N- 20MT (Mitsubishi).
ON, Y1 and S2 will be ON. X1 input is motion sensor
input at second light station 2. S1 is the light ON state OUTPUT LM7805 INPUT

3 1
of light station 1. Because of S1, Y1 and S2 will be V0 Vi

GND
5V AC

LDR
2

ON after S1 ON. Y1 is self-energizing and will be PIR Sensor 1

220VAC

always ON in next scan time. While X1 input is ON, VCC

OUT
GND
R1

470Ω
Q1
TIP41C
24VGNDA0A1A2A3A4 A5 A6

if there is no motion sensor input at X0 or X0 is OFF, PIR Sensor 2

X0
X1
24V
GND
COIL
LAMP1

FX2N- Mitsubishi PLC

Q1 X2
VCC R2 COM1 RL1
X3
Y0 and S1 are OFF. If there is motion in light station OUT
GND 470Ω
TIP41C X4
X5
Y0
Y1
COM2
X6

1 or X0 is ON, Y0 and S1 will not be OFF. PIR Sensor 3

X7
X8
Y2
Y3
Y4
COIL

LAMP2
X9 Y5 RL2
VCC R3 Q1 X10 Y6
OUT TIP41C X11 Y7
GND 470Ω
AC
COIL

220VAC LAMP3
RL3
GND

Figure 9. Overall Circuit Diagram of Automatic Street

Light Control System Using PLC
The power of FX-2N20MT-Mitsubishi PLC is
supplied to 220AC power. From the PLC, the 24VDC
is regulated and it can be used to supply sensors and
relay control board. First of all, the power supply of
PIR motion sensor is 5V DC. So, 24VDC output from
Figure 6. Fifth Step of Ladder Diagram PLC is needed to convert to 5VDC using 7805
voltage regulator. The maximum input voltage of
In the sixth step, S0, X2 and S2 are inputs and Y2, ADC module is 10V and maximum input is needed to
Y1 and S2 are outputs. If all of S0, X2 and S2 are ON limit to this level. If over voltage is supplied to ADC
state, Y2 is ON and Y2 is self-energizing itself. All of module, this ADC pin will be damaged. To protect
self-energizing outputs in all steps are ON only if S0 from damage, ADC supply voltage is limited. In this
is ON. In this step, Y1 and S2 will be OFF if X1 is research, 5V DC is used as supply voltage of LDR
OFF during X2 in ON. X1 is the motion input of light sensor. Voltage driver circuit is used to get voltage
station2 and X2 is the motion input of light station 3. change from LDR sensor. The output voltage will be
If there are motions at light station 2 also light station changed when LDR resistance changed depending on
3, both Y2 and Y1 will be ON. In this step, at the the light.
start, if all of S0, X2 and S2 are ON, not only Y2 is The input voltage of PLC is 24V and output signal
ON but also 100mS T0 timer is started with the of PIR motion sensor drive this 24V using TIP41C
number K100 for 10s delay. transistor. To control the AC light bulb from PLC,
relays are used to switch on off light.

1.1. Hardware Testing of Street Light Control

System
In Figure 10, PIR1 motion sensor and LDR are the
inputs of the PLC and lamp 1 is the output of the
PLC. PIR1 motion sensor is connected to the input of
X0 pin of PLC and LDR is connected to the AD0 pin
of the PLC input. If the PIR1 motion sensor detects,
lamp 1 is ON. lamp 2 and lamp3 switch OFF.
Figure 7. Sixth Step of Ladder Diagram PIR1 (X0)
P0 MODE
In the seventh step, T0 is the input and Y2 is output.
If the 10S delay is up or T0 is ON, Y2 is OFF.

RUN MODE

LAMP1

Figure 10. Physical Testing of Street Light Control

System for LAMP1
In Figure 11, PIR2 motion sensor and LDR are the
inputs of the PLC and lamp 2 is the output of the
Figure 8. Seventh Step of Ladder Diagram PLC. PIR2 motion sensor is connected to the input of
X1 pin of PLC and LDR is connected to the AD0 pin
3. Procedures in Hardware Implementation of the PLC input. If the PIR2 motion sensor detects,
The overall circuit diagram of automatic Street light lamp 2 is ON. lamp 1 and lamp3 switch OFF.
control system with LDR sensor and PIR sensors is

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Technological University (Pakokku) Journal: Engineering and Research Volume-01, Issue-01, August, 2019

PIR2 P0 MODE (LDR)”, June, 2016.

(X1)
[2] Mr. Nagnath. C. Savant, “Street Light Energy
Conservation System using PIR Sensor”, April,
2016.
RUN
MODE [3] Ramya.K, “Design and Implementation of
Automatic Street Light Control System using
LAMP2 (Y1) Light Dependent Resistor”, May, 2016.

[4] Abdul Latif Saleem, “Street Light Monitoring and

Figure.11. Physical Testing of Street Light Control Control System Street Light Monitoring and
System for LAMP 2 Control System Using GSM”, April, 2015.
In Figure 12, PIR3 motion sensor and LDR are the [5] N. L. Ramli, “Implementation of Street Lighting
inputs of the PLC and lamp3 is the output of the PLC. Automation System Using Arduino”, December,
PIR3 motion sensor is connected to the input of X1 2015.
pin of PLC and LDR is connected to the AD0 pin of [6] Dr. D.V.Pushpa Latha, “Automatic Street Light
the PLC input. If the PIR3 motion sensor detects, Control System Using PLC”, December, 2013.
lamp 3 is ON. lamp 1 and lamp2 switch OFF.
PIR3 (X2)
P0 MODE

RUN MODE
LAMP3 (Y2)

Figure 12. Physical Testing of Street Light Control

System for LAMP 3

IV. Conclusion
This proposed research illustrated the design and
construction of automatic street control system using
PLC. The control logic is written in Ladder Language
using GX Developer software. LDR sensor and PIR
sensors are the two main conditions in working the
circuit. If the two conditions have been satisfied, the
circuit will do the desired work according to specific
program. The system is simple and cost effective.
Automatic control using LDR helped to save a large
amount of electric power which is wasted in
conventional street lighting system. The automatic
switching operation observed using the developed
control circuit is found to be very efficient and the
maintenance cost is very less. The circuit controls the
turning ON or OFF the street light. Automatic street
light controlling system puts up a very user friendly
approach and could increase the power save.
The street lights have been successfully controlled by
FX2N- 20MT Mitsubishi PLC. With commands from
the controller the lights will be ON when it's dark.
This proposed research included the study of energy
saving system in many applications. Finally, this
control circuit can be used in a long roadway between
the cities.

REFRENCES
[1] Fadlur Rahman, “Automatic Street Light
Control Using Light Dependent Resistor

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