UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN

FHMM1324 MATHEMATICS FOR BUSINESS II

FOUNDATION IN ARTS

TUTORIAL 1: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

Data Presentation

1. The following data give the amounts of electric bills (rounded to the nearest RM) for the
past one month for 30 families.
75 34 47 26 56 29 48 42 33 67
38 41 63 55 61 73 61 76 46 51
55 42 35 39 45 71 24 47 67 52
(a) Construct a frequency distribution table. Take 21 as the lower limit of the first class
and 10 as the width of each class.
(b) Calculate the relative frequency and percentage frequency for all classes.
(c) What percentage of the families has a monthly electric bill of RM61 or more?
(d) What percentage of the families has a monthly electric bill of RM40 or less?
(e) Draw a histogram for the relative frequency distribution.

2. The following table gives the frequency distribution of the number of hours each of the
200 students selected from a college studies per week.
Hours Studied Number of students
0 to less than 4 12
4 to less than 8 29
8 to less than 12 48
12 to less than 16 62
16 to less than 20 34
20 to less than 24 15

(a) Construct a “less than” cumulative frequency distribution table.

(b) Calculate the cumulative relative frequency and cumulative percentage for all the
classes.
(c) What percentage of the students who study for less than 16 hours a week?
(d) Draw an ogive for the cumulative percentage distribution.
(e) Estimate the number of hours studied for the first 20% of the students.

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3. The following frequency distribution table shows the amount of pocket money (rounded to
the nearest 10 cents) received in a day by 40 students in a secondary school.
Pocket Money (RM) Number of Students
2.00 – 2.90 4
3.00 – 3.90 13
4.00 – 4.90 15
5.00 – 5.90 4
6.00 – 6.90 3
7.00 – 7.90 1

Draw a histogram to represent the distribution. Hence, determine the mode of the
distribution.

4. The following cumulative frequency distribution shows the masses (rounded to the
nearest kg) of 50 students in a study.

Mass (kg) Number of students

0
2
10
23
39
46
50

Draw a “less than” cumulative frequency polygon to represent the distribution. Hence,
construct the frequency distribution for the data above.

5. Below is a police report showing the number of criminal cases reported per day in a duration
of 400 days.
Number of criminal cases per day Number of days
0-4 5
5-9 37
10-14 87
15-19 121
20-24 77
25-29 42
30-34 21
35-39 10

(a) Draw a histogram for this distribution.

(b) Construct a “less than” cumulative frequency distribution and determine the upper-
class boundaries.
(c) Draw an ogive for this distribution.

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Stem-and-leaf Displays

6. The following raw data shows the number of days in a year a group of 20 students were
absent from school.

10 22 5 15 18 12 8 16 14 12
21 17 16 14 13 11 9 19 14 11

Draw a stem plot by using the following class interval.

(a) 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, 20-24

(b) 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 13-15, 16-18, 19-21, 22-24
Find the mode from your diagram.

7. The following data are the daily sales of a product during a sample period of 20 days.

429 732 675 550 900 880 840 650 780 800
900 750 578 620 870 930 820 956 870 750

Construct a stem-and-leaf display and find the median.

Measures of Central Tendency

8. The following data give the hours spent studying per week by eleven students.
7 18 16 7 24 11 18 17 25 16 21
Find the mean, median, and mode.

9. Find the mean, median and mode for the following set of data.

Number 2 3 4 5 6 7
Frequency 4 6 6 8 2 1

10. Calculate the mean and median for the population grouped frequency distribution given
below.

Length (cm) Frequency

0 – less than10 2
10 – less than 20 17
20 – less than 30 26
30 – less than 40 10
40 – less than 50 5

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11. The following table shows the distribution of the number of books read by a sample of 50
students in a particular month.

Number of Books Number of students

0–4 7
5–9 9
10 – 14 18
15 – 19 10
20 – 24 6

Determine the mean, median and mode. Interpret the results.

12. The table shows the cumulative frequency distribution of the distances travelled by all
210 salespersons of a company on one particular day.

Distance travelled (km) Number of salespersons

less than 0 0
less than 10 25
less than 20 77
less than 30 134
less than 40 167
less than 50 199
less than 60 210

(a) Construct a grouped frequency distribution for the data.

(b) Find the mean distance travelled by the salespersons.

13. The following table shows the distribution of the number of weekly accidents at a certain
town which has been recorded for 52 consecutive weeks.

Number of 0–4 5–9 10 – 14 15 – 19 20 – 24 25 – 29 30 – 34

accidents
Number of weeks 4 6 11 15 8 5 3

Find the modal number of weekly accidents.

14. The following table shows the distribution of the number of pens used in an office per
month for all 40 offices in a survey.

Number of Pens Frequency

1–5 6
6 – 10 9
11 – 15 12
16 – 20 9
21 – 25 4

Determine the mode, median and mean of the distribution.

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Measures of Dispersion & Measures of Position

15. Given a set of population data 23, 24, 34, 29, 31, 27, 31, 29. Determine the variance and
standard deviation of the data.

16. Find the mean and standard deviation for the set of all data.
13, 23, 35, 6, 28, 35, 48, 12, 37

17. Determine the inter-quartile range and standard deviation of a set of sample data 12, 11, 21,
16, 15, 18, 14, 17.

18. Find the first quartile, median and third quartile for the following set of sample data.

(a) 114, 120, 133, 138, 145, 148, 151

(b) 15, 19, 20, 22, 25, 27, 27, 28, 31, 32

19.
Sales (units) 5-7 8-10 11-13 14-16 17-19 20-22 23-25 26-28
Number of days 4 8 16 28 29 19 10 3
Draw a ‘less than’ ogive for this distribution. From the ogive, determine

(a) the first and third quartiles,

(b) the inter-quartile range.

20. The following data give the time (in minutes) taken by 15 students to complete a finance
test.
45 53 29 33 39 47 56 32
29 38 46 51 47 51 38

(a) Calculate the values of three quartiles.

(b) Find the semi inter-quartile range.

21. The table below gives the frequency distribution of the number of orders received each day
during the past 50 days at the office of a mail-order company. Use the formulas to calculate
the mean, variance, and standard deviation.
Number of Orders Number of Days
10-12 4
13-15 12
16-18 20
19-21 14

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22. A researcher asked 25 consumers: “How much would you pay for a television adapter that
provides Internet access?” Their grouped responses are as follows:
Amount (RM) Number of Responses
0 – 99 2
100 – 199 2
200 – 299 3
300 – 399 3
400 – 499 6
500 – 599 3
600 – 699 4
700 – 799 2

(a) Calculate the mean, variance, and standard deviation.

(b) Calculate the value of first and third quartiles.

23. ABC Company has 48 used cars for sale. The table below shows the age, x (in years) of the
cars.

Age (x) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Frequency 7 12 8 6 5 4 3 2 1

(a) Find (i) the median age,

(ii) the first and third quartiles for this distribution.
(b) Draw a box-plot to represent this data.
(c) State the type of distribution based on your box-plot.

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Answers:

1. (a) (b)
Amounts of Number of families Relative Frequency Percentage
electric bills (RM) (frequency) Frequency (%)
21 to 30 3 .1000 10.00
31 to 40 5 .1667 16.67
41 to 50 8 .2667 26.67
51 to 60 5 .1667 16.67
61 to 70 5 .1667 16.67
71 to 80 4 .1333 13.33
(c) 30.0% (d) 26.67%
(e)

20.5 30.5 40.5 50.5 60.5 70.5 80.5

(RM)

2. (a) (b)

Hours Studied Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative Percentage

Frequency Relative
Frequency
less than 4 12 .060 6.0
less than 8 41 .205 20.5
less than 12 89 .445 44.5
less than 16 151 .755 75.5
less than 20 185 .925 92.5
less than 24 200 1.00 100.0

(c) 75.5%

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(d)
Ogive for the number of hours for studies per week for
200 students selected from a college

Cumulative Percentage
100 
90 
80

70

60

50

40

30

20 
10
(e) 8 hours 
0
0

4 8 12 16 20 24
3.
Hours Studied

1.95 2.95 3.95 4.95 5.95 6.95 7.95

Mode = RM 4.10

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 4.
Cumulative Frequency Masses of 50 students (in kg)

50 
45 
40

35

30

25

20

15
Masses (kg) Number of students
50 – 54 2
10 55 – 59  8
60 – 64 13
5
65 – 69 16

0
70
 – 74 7
75 – 79 54.5
49.5 59.5 4 64.5 69.5 74.5 79.5

Masses of students (kg)

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5. (a)
Histogram for number fo criminal cases per day
140

120

100
Number of Days
80

60

40

20

0
-0.5 4.5 9.5 14.5 19.5 24.5 29.5 34.5 39.5
Criminal Cases per day

(b)
Upper class Cumulative
boundary Frequency
< -0.5 0
< 4.5 5
< 9.5 42
< 14.5 129
< 19.5 250
< 24.5 327
< 29.5 369
< 34.5 390
< 39.5 400

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 Cumulative Frequency
(c)
“Less than” ogive: Number of criminal cases reported per day

400
 
350


300

250 
200

150

100

50

0  
-0.5 4.5 9.5 14.5 19.5 24.5 29.5 34.5 39.5

Criminal cases per day

6. mode = 14 days
7. median = 790 sales
8. mean = 16.36 hours; median = 17 hours; mode = 7 hours, 16 hours, 18 hours
9. mean = 4.037; median = 4; mode = 5
10. mean = 24.83 cm; median = 24.23 cm
11. mean =11.9 books; median = 12 books; mode = 12.15 books
12. (b) mean = 26.33 km
13. mode = 16.32
14. mode = 13; median = 12.58; mean = 12.5
15. variance = 12; standard deviation = 3.464
16. mean = 26.33, standard deviation = 13.10
17. IQR =4.5 ; standard deviation = 3.251
18. (a) Q1 = 120, Q2 = 138, Q3 = 148
(b) Q1 = 20, Q2 = 26, Q3 = 28
19. (a) 14.0 0.5 units, 20.5 0.5 units
(b) 6.5 units
20. (a) Q1 = 33 minutes, Q2 = 45 minutes, Q3 = 51 minutes
(b) semi-IQR = 9 minutes
21. mean = 16.64 orders ; variance = 7.582 ; standard deviation = 2.754 orders
22. (a) (i) mean = RM 425.50 ; variance = 41900; standard deviation = RM 204.69
(b) Q1 = RM 274.50, Q3 = RM 591.17
23. (a) (i) 3 years (ii) Q1 = 2 years, Q3 = 5 years

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(b)

Box plot: Ages of 48 used cars

Age (years)
0 2 4 6 8 10

(c) Skewed to the right.

 
Temperature  F

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