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Math 002: Chapter4: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions 4.2: Logarithmic Functions: Semester 192

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47 views6 pages

Math 002: Chapter4: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions 4.2: Logarithmic Functions: Semester 192

Abc

Uploaded by

Usman Malik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Math 002

Chapter4: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions


4.2: Logarithmic functions: Semester 192

The inverse function of the exponential function with base b is called the logarithmic function with base b.

Common Logarithmic Function: the Logarithmic function with base 10 is called the Common
Logarithmic Function.
𝑓(𝑥) = log10 𝑥 is expressed as 𝑓(𝑥) = log 𝑥

Natural Logarithms: the Logarithmic function with base 𝑒 is called the Natural Logarithms
Function.
𝑓(𝑥) = log 𝑒 𝑥 is expressed as 𝑓(𝑥) = ln 𝑥

Example 1: Write each equation in its equivalent exponential form:


1) 3 = log 𝑏 27 2) 5 = log 𝑏 32 3) ln 7 = 𝑦

Example 2: Write each equation in its equivalent logarithmic form:


1
a) 2−4 = 16 b)𝑒 𝑦 = 9 c)132 = 𝑥

1
Math 002
Chapter4: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
4.2: Logarithmic functions: Semester 192

Example 3: Evaluate each expression without using a calculator:


1 5
1) log 2 16 2) log 3 3)log 2 √2
9

4) log 81 9 = 5) 8log8 19 = 6) log 7 √7=

1
7) ln 𝑒 9𝑥 = 8) ln 𝑒 6 = 9)10log √𝑥 =

2
10) log 1000 = 11) 𝑒 𝑙𝑛7𝑥 = 12) log 5 (log 2 32)=

Graphs of Logarithmic Functions:

Example 4: Graph 𝑔(𝑥) = log 3 𝑥.


x 𝑔(𝑥)

Domain: ______________

Range: _______________

Asymptote: _________________

2
Math 002
Chapter4: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
4.2: Logarithmic functions: Semester 192
Example 5: Graph f (x ) = log 1 x
2

𝑥 𝑓(𝑥)

Domain: ______________

Range: _______________

Asymptote: __________________

Note that: Domain 𝑓(x) = log 𝑏 𝑔(𝑥) consists of all x such that 𝑔(𝑥) > 0.

Example 6: Find the domain


𝑎) 𝑓(x) = log 4 (𝑥 + 3) 𝑏)𝑓(𝑥) = log(2 − 𝑥) c )𝑓(𝑥) = log 𝑥 2

d)𝑓(𝑥) = ln(𝑥 − 2)2 + 3

3
Math 002
Chapter4: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
4.2: Logarithmic functions: Semester 192
Example7: 43) Graph𝑓(𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = log 4 𝑥, in the same rectangular coordinate system.

𝑥 𝑓(𝑥 ) 𝑔(𝑥)

4
Math 002
Chapter4: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
4.2: Logarithmic functions: Semester 192
Example 8: Begin by graphing 𝑓(𝑥) = log 2 𝑥 .then use transformations of this graph(or use the main features)
to graph the given function. Give equations of the asymptotes. Use the graphs to determine each function’s
domain and range.

𝑔(𝑥) = log 2 (𝑥 + 1) + 2.

𝑓(𝑥) = log 2 𝑥

Domain

Range
Asymptote
V.A
𝑔(𝑥) = log 2 (𝑥 + 1) + 2

Domain
Range
Asymptote
V.A

Example 9: Begin by graphing f (x ) = log x , then use transformations of this graph (or use the main features)
to graph the given function. Give equations of the asymptotes. Use the graphs to determine each function’s
domain and range.

#) g ( x) = log( x − 2) − 3
f (x ) = log x

Domain

Range
Asymptote
V.A

g ( x) = log( x − 2) − 3

Domain
Range
Asymptote
V.A

5
Math 002
Chapter4: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
4.2: Logarithmic functions: Semester 192
Example 10: Begin by f (x ) = ln(x ) , then use transformations of this graph (or use the main features) to
graph the given function. Give equations of the asymptotes. Use the graphs to determine each function’s
domain and range.
#73) g (x ) = 2 − ln(x )

f (x ) = ln(x )

Domain

Range
Asymptote
V.A
g (x ) = 2 − ln(x )

Domain
Range
Asymptote
V.A

Example 11: Select the function for the given graph:

𝐹(𝑥) = − log 3 𝑥 , 𝐺(𝑥) = log 3 𝑥 − 1, 𝐻(𝑥) = 1 − log 3 𝑥

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