Date

Page

*Leanning u he Aece CArwerina peuere inle

tpodik
*MAChiL leonnung iLa technugue 0n a poL whih Aeluohy
ler DOnokmane P s9mM Kem on a mlidla
task (T) w a epeuen (E)
*TakA AT:Phedicdisn lassipcalier Deadign rakung
* |ErpenilnceDala(imag, sbuued Junsiuwnd, vens
* omonceACcuna
Accunacy, Paeusion, Eirwms

Sucned dala able > AUbibutu Fealnu

Exapp Reerds DumensOs
Thsance Dala S t aleder
Data foin
3
Dada Voints ane veclord becaue they ae hepiuented by

ML OUA Mhads
Spewued le ing
Wnupenwued
Semu swpwided
Kein/honwment

Supen nised Leannwng

Each and wreny nample hai a kneuwn olput (alo cald
Laala)
heditat dicbiorn, lauicalon appcalion.
 Date
Page

nsupewised Leaung
* h i is ng ouliput lahenexta input u piAvided dhe M
mAdel l sudy he ealwts ond gmpone wfh
multpl Dpulu

Semi AupewtAed annng

Smp LTamples hase lablla WholiheA fhe Aest dot

Keincemnt Lianning
Aget Acton he peNem h Alie
Aien
EnwtAnmnit

SUPERViS ED LEARNIN
Chngs M/c Funcuos/MA
DP Conyule pohuis t u
KegsLsliG
A:7M
23
8
3 LD 3
2
314

Funcn
ou ernlea E fancluon
 Date 10/
Page

inea Kegnusior
T wUl asay be a wne and nal a wwe,
alhnt
henceunlan
Not inan
Compuln is suppard
3
to ind mlbtim
bwtn a and
and indhu He.|
J t might net be possible to ind ta eract yunctien (4: )
|henu it wll nd on aDhimale puncin And it mist
be_a int (inehn ) On akm,to idhe best psstble ine
* Hpelhess kanctien Tt u called hiypolhuis becase it cannat e
ped We asumy thal it u alconict fncton and nobod4
can plavL it wgmg hen i u a hypolheku luncduen

Notatio
No ramplu m
No: eatues seach remnple n
3 ample :n whene Kikm
talane eamp
E Ahus 3 col?3 edmpe 2 peatoe
5 2 u t akocialed (greund uth)wnlh ih anple
6hedichd (2srmatedo/P ample
7 H2ihsid uncten K ()
 Date
Page.

Em al any peiti =y'-g ()

Sum4 e
Mean Awm dLGNONe UMN.
m

We want a huolheis ncue which minimis (he

m n A0Mane [nMean 8uum d GAAONL Men
h W, t W hee w, =0 becausL the une pass heuh

Wwll elp in miniming he mRan 24 m

CoAL Aunclien h
Objtcke am

|y alulale s 0 -S, 2 D
aumung ha 0
3 3

ha)= Wh t W J
m
w0
J (1-1x1)%42-
2x
0/x3) +(3- 0:1X3 - 0-1x1
06t 321 t729+ 129 30316
8
 Date
Page.

W 0
1- 0SX1) 2-0X3(3-Dx3)-/4-0sr)
8

0 0 25t+2:25 + 0437S

w
8
-1SX)+(2-1-Sxa)1/3-1SK3)4(4-
o:25+1+2:25 + 4 )=0:137S
w2
J
8
1- 2x1) +(2- 2x3)+(3 -2x3)+(4-2x))
L(1+ u++ I6) = 3 7
8
16T
Fon w J0 Cewez
Nom -conw Otinolusn
Phebl
nb intma,
an1

AC non- Conw pAeblUms cannol be swed usLng gnedy

nthnigue becaustit qurts a single Jalut iwhch y
may nAt be dhe oloMalminima

Ghadint DescnlAaerihm
Step 1 (hOO valuts hupanamen 'a-llanirg hale
an E 4o2pinw c i a
|Sltp 2Inikaye
Stup tn W -adI iadt
w
vialn , rur) Wsu
¥ W(a)7w (otd)oa)
 Date -

Page

vey Amall tht alganilhm mll nRL lana amunt

imi anviu yesa

Stupy Baded on hes w chiok eTit,4alied,thintaat

lhut0 go to Sap 3-

2m
h (x)

am

dw, m

dI
m

d
dw 2m

d
dw

Wpdal allhe nUghk simuultanesus.

u n D Hgs
LFeatuwe Scaling V actual value
mot vaue
The valuLL taha alwu urdl aliayA be in a partiu
tule

Aan4L, whik iu betareen O_and 1

 Date
Page

2eanning Rad
E letS=w nitializ w2,
Now appy inaber o D e calulale w.hn
=01o21, 2
w

w 2- 0 Ix2X2 1
W'6-01X2X16 :28
w12 0:1 X X /28 1:024
w= o 2 -o1X 2 x 1-024 o 7276

=0:3
Tiolue
w 2 0 2xaX2 = 12

- 0 2x3x2 0 73
3 W 672-0 2xxo:73 0 3
W0432 0 2X2Xo 432 0 433

Tt

a 18
3 -S
16

vaue o
T u ulange Aep Ae wl be lwge Bigger the
s pSLiye he algeuthm T line wll ntwtn Cokwerge
DMgdseant deal nih taning hypeapanameTes laE)
-]
but debls wih kning omamelw w
 )Date i l ,
Page.

Hiah leel language

omiler > Low lwd language
oiunt Phearrt-
C C++ Jawa, Kuhon Birauy long
7
* The abrt
tianslaun_CensisA adiviis
Analysiu_and Syndhesis
Spunce Anauss neiul langu anauage
lanua
Analusis A_e divtde sh de ine pan and then check he
nioty Lachpnd ewe pi
SunihtXia ia e mAdiy_pai as pOr_egiAemerls and then
CmbnL hem e ohiin whale

S9hce hAgam

Lexica Analusiu
oken
Synla Analys u

Symbe Semanlic Analysis

ble Handlen
Inlmediale Code ienenalor i
inlenmediale Adph f*

@de Opumizalisn
YTanget Code nennalon|
langel lBde
 Date
Page.

Chaaclevisics a g8-0d CAmpilen

Fast
EAA handtin
nenenlesenkect code
prhmA 8pecizcatins inpul lanauage.

Consute.
Easy le_debug
Optiatien
Spae eedhak
Cempilaiim 1me eliuenuy
28/07 oncepua Shudune we majon phaLA
Sound code FAet-tnd Jimtdiateack-nd
ack-ndF Tast ade
*hant-nd pentarms he analysiu he n e languap
RecognigLs lëgal nd ilega_ phsgnäna_and Ae2ors_ erns
Undsandshe inpul paBgnam_and calluts Hhe smanliuL
in n Ki de dlste he ntauon)
PAoduces TKand shapes 1he cade en the back -Ond
Mu tan be aulemaled_

kBack-end dels he lanalt laquage Aynhss

Chenesinsbucli&nA lo Vimplemen lach IK pealuon .
TAanslale TRinte tangel codt.
Needa to Corvhonm ah sy Cm inlekaces
Aulbmaue has Hn
 Date O7,
Page

Lecal Analysis
|Get token an_initalialion mesage sent by Ayndas
aralpen b luual analyen"in edkto _mor sibnh poirle
d It eund ahe 3a niy in KW able
Whn urt _a pkAn (get uOken) then leri bean painlen
s Juhen. Seanch ainla_ll mpr Anhd
Ne eken is Alwned on blank Apace n malln hou
haany blank ápacA aki puent
Fen dny cAmptlun ue bulens ane hl4Áid
*SnCe_psagsam diided_ita colleedier wnds
Validity Lach urnd is checked.
Sundar Aralysiy
Spune psoham udisided in_collrclhn stintes
statnentu
The validik eath senine1Salemeni id checked n
ttamu e it MammerJnlaz
hi i eni y pnAing Kee.
Seman1ic Aralsi
dub nu phae is o dide thl pleparn inls
Coltckier AEntncs
chicks kmlidily Aalmeni iin ltnmnd B ils leaical
Meanin4 i k u p kimalih-

nenrrnediale Code denualion

n high ltxel longuaal, phenammen can _1all_cemplez
Atateenl Wheai e slement may hae lange 'ne_e
opeatord,
machine lanag ia. he langet Code bnaChing
h
 Date
Page-

nAuultuea Lan _ m hL pUnaluen al a urne, Tt u

highy onpler Ldiiult le'ron xi high let tatenea
eeedu e okkchiatinstuCiend_
Hen hiah lukL Aattments ane dirided inla 2uene s
AAttmny shich ane called inlemediate s8de_
EgAbtC *d -i

t abt t

CodL Oplnualin
le_Aedice_edunglency ond hn bhonlCmings
* may be possble Mat he code_is ineliieil in tenA
imt nd pace_

angek_ ade heneaiea

In his ast eplimged ineunedralesde i
banslatd
ito Agutnie e mathine inátuthery nM Cde
Awdhpa pptimi4Klaon laa4ek code hi4 ep hele
opAmiatia.

SNTAX ANALYSIS
ts a PDA whih is Rhown as
Pansea
Seunu i c Apla
Cade Analia
4etLakenAalysi

Eaint,b,C
 Date-
Page.

*ImpeRs a hivatchical sbucuse uhih ia uAually

Iphessed by_LUNsiVe
E f T/E-I/T
id/GKe)_

db id b

Syntac Analyiu

PDA/Pan e
ts a model hat u_std_Co Chik v ashirg is Vid on nst
pt_conslhucd
* sed te corsbuct Logical lanse hee (i4 t can
then heshing Lekeru) i valid, amawik not)
Pansina
Lon- up farsen
Top-dourm lansen
SLR Pansen
w h backbhacking LRLR Pansn
ul-koranse
RecwAe laen caneical LR Pasen)

ihout_backlackirg Operalen faerdene

Pardiive lorbr
Pansen
(LL)fanue)
 Date YoK
Page

:Consicden CFG3->SS+ /S4/a Shus he the i r

aata an be qunnaled Bu e ghamman lanshuct

LMD
S S
S SS*
aata A

ensidia. he amm:S>ABC
AaA/a

aabccc Heur d thiu stning genlhatd! enshbuct Panse

ee LMD RMD
LMD RMD
S>aABC S ABceC
a a BBC SA BccC
aa bC S AG cCC A

aabeC S Abccc
Aabcc SaA bccc
Rethse RMD
2aa bccC S aabccc

Top-dewn
A

Karthe BMD
 Date
/Page.

* p -dswn fanser use LMD to coruut Logical lanse

ALe given shirg.
* AU ballter-uplanuel use, RMD t e Camsut l0gical Panse
h egrth input Alurg.
iput bujen /tape

valid-
Pansin
Yhoonam aalid
farina

|Back

Phedidin loer
Tep-doun fhrse
LD fanson
*Ngn Munsive descend oJen

Hs CoruhuCt ansern lansing Tahle ?

Stp1: Removt_let_pewuion hom e gramman U i
pLsent
|Sup : D Lt_hacting
Stup 3: Calallat_ut and ollow pes(8ets8 Lach lamm
vUáble) V
Stzp : Cnsiud fansin loble
 Date
Page.

henenall o
AA A A,/-- A
AB/B,
A8A,A'B,A A
Aa,Aa,A'/a,A-- A/E
The gnamman A>A bc/4a Jb lac.Kemeve lu{t
AbA /acA_ ALwin
AbcA/aA'/e
|LeX_Facdura
Whenetn RHS_ ek he educiers h Aame iable hun
Cmmen_paea i , 2e maL paadictien } he_Jami
Vaia ble'hdaea CA
mm_phlJa, hen we peN4Om l
acloiwn9
AaA/a E
A aA
A 2A/E
C AabA/ab B/abe
Bblb De let Harlenin
A abA_
A AB/E

AabA /abBaE AaA4

A- a A'bA/E
b6B' A" AB.
A AL/E
 Date
Page

A- Ab/A6/Ca
B-Ab/b
L AeC A Ab/Aba
4 ha/a
B 2 Ab/b
A BaA'/aA
A2bA'/BaA'/e

AAbaA'/baa'/a6
A'2hA' alaA'
Ab/h
A haA'A" JaA'A"
A"ba A'A"/E
A' hA'/B AA/E
Ab/b
1208*
Eind and Fpllpus Pe
AbaA'A "/aA'A"
atfnst_ umnal u mast mnal K the producbion
st A) ={bal
|AU L touminalyWhuh appean_as, lOmosL Aumbol ebaned hen-
all_pessible_derivalions eauiable A _
ut(A) =b£ Aba A'A"/E
=}b,a, g A'bA'/BaA/E
rat
7 A Ut (62 A
Ba

st(B)= st(4) U B}

Ksla (A):
ule Indude i n oluo he stant Va t h e aia an.
 Date
age.

Rule 3Fon _all the_ploductisri pe A AB.

Foller (A) =ut lg)
Rue 3 T the_padudienu _anl ype 8 A B
8aAs where 8- i. in he KHS 4 lat
u vuable ,hen oles (A)=low laut Aumb
Aum
l6)
Aue con neren"hthe pal Ue any vziiably
etlow (A) = A b / b (B= b utlb)D
or(A)(A)- bf AbaA'A_[B: Foloe(
lle A")=} b, ${{
A Bat , ß:aA)
 Date
Page

* B e r a ploqham _can be un, it fhAL must_be barnlat

ite a h n in whih it_can Be exeued hy a comp pule
h e Aeiwnne Ayslimu hal do hus DanslatA ane_calle
Cmpiks Tmlart_Kole : Kepent oy emens in_fh
AountL p0giam 1hat it_deleds duning thanslaien paLLA
CompiLer lanuage
Sowrelaiguge
Cempiler Vs Lnlenpnelen_
1anaepA0giam phediuRd by compilei 14 wUUally_Aaslen,
ha n inpieter al mpping inpula to oulpuh
InlEpielea can uAually gice heitta rnen diaghasiA than
Campilen becauseit elues sonct pragem slattmnt
Atatmunt
Lialz
Sownte compi/ Bullcodes vual machint
inierzzdn ulput
JaNa Ag a m haAlaton

+Inpul

Leucal Aralysis /Scarnin

Lerical Analwnun nlads ie sbam echamatns maina
wp fheSouncë p0gnam _and eupA thechanaceu inle1
meaning segunies alled llemis
Fon Lat rme,_it pieduLA as utput_a tekin he
tokun-rname, atbubute valuu,hat _paMes e te h
Aubseauent _phase
Eg posiken =_iniial F_Aati * 6O
ToRn Kid,12 s=>Kid, a2 <*><id, 37 <*7 <402-
|Me=t, * he abslhac sumbls.

Surlasc Analysiu /hnsing

4e
|ansenuss YA cempeient of he lekens poduced by-
lerical analyjin la (Lale a dynlaz Au in whih a t h
 Date
Page

inliennsde AepAeerlaan epenalion and he_childni

he nadi ALpresert_the wgunmenly he opehalon

Semanic Aralysiu
*Ues synlaz ale and the insonmalion in the Aymbol
lable eheck he dounce_prbanam o Llmanu
Consseny uilh h e languageanennion
Tupe chicking_C8mpilhKeoka hat tach epenalen
has malthin ependnds Eq loat ised lo Lndez.
ananayConpilen u s t ApL"an eAnon
Langmade Aptilialn may plnoit dorne spe OANA
calkedcoth tikna
Inzamediale Code henthalien
Conpilens qenlnale an lpuit Lew-level_ machine -uk
nehmeLdiae nlpsserlatien
Popertits- tasy 20duce tasy te hanslate inle the
tana MaLhin

Code Qplrnigolhena
Le imp e inltnmtdnate cade tor a beller langet csde

Code 1eneratom
the
Takis ak inpt an inlimediate ALpALsRnlalm
s0ANLL_ph0GNÁNm ang maps it nle he
tanget landuage
vanialel
Judiuisus asignmlnt Negisle to hel

SumbolAable Dala Ahuclune cntairiny a

hlcwd ker
vaniable namu, wUh elda lhen iMe atbibulei
Lhch
namL.
 Date-
/ Page.

Conpilen FAont End

2
Ar oiwn

A lzical analy4es_alla a inslatn te handle

mulLchanaden onabuc üke identisenA whihane
wilen as sGAALncA hanacens hut ahe beaed as
wnib calMad tokuns
Panse aus
*Pitaially shaw haw the stant Ayumol ea gamma
deriru_a in4 in the Languag.
ust k t t digit 0q-s+

digit
LiaE diqit

dioit S

Language genena led by he gAamman: he 4t e slngs

nat cad be genenated hy Aone_panse ee
ThThipacess inding a panse nte hon a given sihioa
Tinminas"idis called panaing o h t Aina
A ghamnmen can hare mANLhan ne pank
gehenang a 9irn_sng
(O
teminals. Such a
namma is doid_ta be armhiouu

Panaina
Tt Ke_pre ces detenmining ho ashng
teaminals can bt
AenNalkd by aUiammar,
 Date
Page

* en o (U conlezt -hu gnamman halis a ponsh hal

taks at mst bintime te panse a shing n
tehminalA
lop duM lasing
*Consiudiom slaab at he est and peceeds Lewzds.
he kawts.
Snp 1Atnode N beled uith nentemind Aseleet ont d
hephadudiens her A_ond cnsiuot childatn al
N he Aymbols in ae pisduction bedy
Stp 2. Eihd he nezt nods at which a Aubbee los te be
Lonsiucad tuypically tae leplomest unezpanded
nenlemina! n hee
edickive lasing
KCnsivl- dkscend pahsinq is a top-oAn_mthed
Aynla analsi in WAch a ieL_ hecwAve
do
pocedunes is used to paece thi inpuiOne precedune
_asOCiaked uifh 1ach nentnmiial a ghamnmaa-
So t consioden a siapln han e aeubAiW duLnd
2aAina Which iu_preolictik pauiK n which he
wekaead Aymbá unambiques determinta_the
e s Carbal hneugh heprecedure body
ach nen lenminal
Lek a_be a s6ung gammar symbels,wt dehiae
A a k e l , e depia
pisst (a) ta be 2