CrPE14

FUNDAMENTALS OF
MARKSMANSHIP
LEARNING GUIDE
TP-IMD-02 v0 No. VT-CCJE-DOC-(Crpe14) 03-21-001

ARNEL G. AGRAVA, RCrim

HARVEY G. TABUNAN, RCrim, MSCrim
MARKSAM T. CERVANTES, RCrim CSP
COLLEGE OF
CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION

DEPARTMENT OF
CRIMINOLOGY 2021
 No copies temporary or permanent, in whole or in part of this
IM shall be made without written permission from the
author/s.

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 Vision

A globally competitive university for science, technology, and

environmental conservation

Mission

Development of a highly competitive human resource,

cutting-edge scientific knowledge and innovative
technologies for sustainable communities and environment.

Quality Policy
The Visayas State University (VSU) is a higher education institution created by
law to provide excellent instruction, conduct relevant research and foster
community engagement that produce highly competent graduates necessary
for the development of the country. Toward this end, we, at the Visayas State
University, commit to:
1. produce highly competent, quality and world-class manpower in
science and technology (S&T), especially for agriculture,
environmental management and industry who are proficient in
communication skills, critical thinking and analytical abilities,
2. generate and disseminate relevant knowledge and technology that
lead to improved productivity, profitability and sustainability in
agriculture, environment and industry,
3. satisfy the needs of the industry, the community and government
sector who are in need of quality graduates and technology ready for
commercialization through the establishment, operation, maintenance
and continuous improvement of a Quality Management System which
is aligned with the requirements of ISO 9001:2015.
It shall be the policy of the university that the quality policies and procedures
are communicated to and understood by all faculties, staff, students and
other stakeholders and that the system shall be continually improved for their
relevance and effectiveness.
 iii

Learning Guide in

Title
CRPE 14:
Page

FUNDAMENTALS OF
MARKSMANSHIP

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 iv Crpe 14: Fundamentals of Marksmanship

Foreword

This learning module of fundamentals of marksmanship is one of the P.E.

courses in the BS Criminology Program offered during the 2nd semester. It is
a three (2) credit unit course with two (2) hours in a week for the whole
semester. This instructional module will aid the students to acquire
knowledge and understanding of the legal responsibility of handling firearms
and guide them to be responsible gun owners.
Further, this will help them internalize the basic training in marksmanship and
gun safety procedure. Hence, this module is a useful tool in the learning of
students to acquire higher-order thinking skills in criminology and criminal
justice education.
Hence, this learning module will serve as an avenue of learning for BS
Criminology students for them to have a comprehensive understanding of the
criminology discipline.

The Authors

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 v

Acknowledgment

The authors humbly acknowledge the writers of the various literature,

references cited in making this instructional module possible. This online
Instructional module is a compilation of various reading materials, literature,
or resources.
Thus, the authors humbly thank god almighty for giving such wisdom and
knowledge to finish this work to their families who serve as inspirations.
Further, we wish to extend our heartfelt gratitude to Visayas State University
to be part of the system and to grow in this endeavor professionally. To his
colleagues in the College of Criminal Justice Education, always support and
exchange ideas with him and contribute his professional maturity.
A special thanks to our beloved students' parents for trust by continuously
sending their students to enroll in our various degree programs. Moreover, to
our students who courageously continue to study despite hindrances in life.

To God be the Glory.

The Authors

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 vi Crpe 14: Fundamentals of Marksmanship

About the Author/s

HARVEY G. TABUNAN

The author is a registered criminologist

with a license number 0016699 and an
active member of the Professional
Criminologist Association of the
Philippines. He graduated MS in
Criminology major in forensic Science at
West Visayas State University Lambunao
campus in 2018.

He graduated with his Bachelor of Science

in Criminology at Leyte Colleges in 2002
and, in the same year, took and passed the
Criminologist Licensure Examination.
Since 2003 he is in an academic institution
teaching varied professional courses in
criminology.

His field of specialization is Crime

Detection and Investigation, Defense
Tactics, and Forensic Science. Currently,
the author is a university instructor at the
Visayas State University Tolosa and one of
the experienced instructors in the college
of criminal justice education.

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 vii

MARKSAM C. CERVANTES

The author is currently a faculty member of

the Department of Criminal Justice
Education at Visayas State University-
Tolosa. A registered Criminologist and a
member of pioneering batch graduated in
the same institution with the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Criminology “Cum
Laude”

He was a former security practitioner,

CCTV operator, an SM train Guard (class
Valedictorian) of
class “Jaguar” batch 397 and a Certified
Security Professional Class 512
“Tagasupil”

Affiliation

Army Reservist with the rank of a

“Sergeant”
Member, PCAP Professional Criminologist
Association of the Philippines
Member, PSISI Philippine Society for
Industrial Security International
Member, APSA Asia Pacific Security
Association

ARNEL G. AGRAVA, RCrim

A faculty member of Visayas State
University, Tolosa under the
Department of Criminology and
Forensics, College of Criminal Justice
Education since 2011 to present.
A graduate of Bachelor of Science in
Criminology at Leyte Colleges,
Tacloban City. He has a specialization
in Forensic Ballistics and Fingerprint
Identification, both was taken in
Professional Academy of the
Philippines, Naga City, Cebu. Currently
he is on his stint towards finishing his
Masters of Science in Criminal Justice
at University of Cebu, Main Campus

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 viii Crpe 14: Fundamentals of Marksmanship

Table of Contents

Vision i
Mission i
Quality Policy i
Title Page iii
Foreword iv
Acknowledgment v
About the Author/s vi
Table of Contents viii
List of Tables ix
List of Figures x

Module 1: Meaning of firearm and different types of

firearm 1
Lesson 1.1: Definition of firearm and types of firearm 2
Lesson 1.2: Basic Components of firearm 9
Module Posttest 15
References and Additional Resources 17

Module 2: Firearm Cycle of Operation and

malfunction 19
Lesson 2.1: The basic firearm cycle operation 20
Lesson 2.2: Firearm Malfunction and Stoppages 22

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 ix

List of Tables

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 x Crpe 14: Fundamentals of Marksmanship

List of Figures

Figure 1.0 Picture of a shotgun ……………………………………………………………………………2

Figure 1.1 Picture of M16 rifle………………………………………………………………………………2
Figure 1.2 Picture of a pistol and revolver………………………………..……….…………….…4
Figure 1.3 Picture of a Musket……………………………….. …………………………………………..4
Figure 1.4 Picture of a Carbine……………………………………………………………………………..4
Figure 1.5 Picture of rifled and smoothbore barrel ………………………………………….5
Figure 1.6 Picture of a grenade launcher ……………………………………………………………5
Figure 1.7 Picture of Bolt Action Rifle …………………………………………………………………6
Figure 1.8 Picture of Lever Action Rifle ………………………………………………………………6
Figure 1.9 Picture of Pump Action Shotgun ………………………………………………………7
Figure 2.0 Picture of Break Action Shotgun……………………………………………………….7
Figure 2.1 Picture of Falling Block Rifle………………………………………………………………7
Figure 2.2 Picture of pistol barrel showing the breech, muzzle, and bore………9
Figure 2.3 Picture of a barrel showing lands and grooves……………………………….10
Figure 2.4 Picture of the upper and lower receiver of caliber .45 ………………….10
Figure 2.5 Picture showing the basic parts of .38 revolver……………………………..11
Figure 2.6 Picture showing the basic parts of caliber .45 pistol…………………….11
Figure 2.7 Picture Showing the basic parts of caliber 9mm……………………………12
Figure 2.8 Picture showing the basic parts of pump-action shotgun…………….12
Figure 2.9 Picture showing the basic parts of M4 Rifle……………………………………13
Figure 3.0 Picture of disambled caliber .45 pistol…………………………………………….14

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 xi

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Module 1: Meaning of
firearm and different
types of firearm
Module Overview

This module discusses the meaning of firearms from different points of view
and also presents the typology of firearms and their basic components.

Lesson 1.1 Definition of firearm and types of firearm

Lesson 1.2 Basic Components of firearm

Motivation Question
Is a firearm a weapon of destruction or a weapon of protection?

Module Pretest
Instructions: Read and understand the question carefully and give the correct
answer. Write your answer in the answer sheet.

1. Refers to a handgun having one chamber integral with the barrel.

2. A smoothbore weapon which is fired from the shoulder and discharge
multiple shots.
3. This refers to a handgun that has a revolving cylinder which typically 5
or 6 rounds.
4. Helical or spiral grooves and ridges along the barrel and the surface.
5. It refers to the enlarged portion on the rear of the barrel where the
cartridge is placed in a position to be fired.
6. It houses or holds other working components to form one or more
functions.
7. Type of firearm where the barrel is hinged and can be broken open to
expose the breech.
8. A firearm that uses a lever to eject and chamber cartridges.
9. It is an instrument used for the propulsion of projectiles using the
expansive force of gases coming from burning gun powder.
10. A long-barreled firearm with grooves cuts into the barrel of the
firearm.
 2 Crpe 14: Fundamentals of Marksmanship

Lesson 1.1: Definition of firearm and types

of firearm

Lesson Summary

This lesson presents the meaning of firearms and discusses the different types
of a firearm according to two groups, internal construction and projectile
propelled.

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:

1. Define Firearm;
2. Identify the types or kinds of a firearm.

Motivation Question

Does a barrel of a firearm can be considered a complete firearm? discuss

Discussion

Firearm Defined:
As section 877 of the Revised administrative code and in section 290 of our
National Internal Revenue Code.
Firearms comprise Rifles, muskets, carbines, shotguns, revolvers, cannons,
and any other lethal devices from which a bullet, ball, shotshell, or other
missiles may be fired using gunpowder or other explosives.
Air rifles, except for small caliber and short-range toys, are included in this
category. Any weapon's barrel shall be considered a full firearm for all
purposes.

A firearm - Is a firearm that launches single or multiple projectiles propelled at

high speeds by gases created by the quick, confined combustion of a
propellant.

A firearm - It's a device that uses the expansive force of gases released by
burning gun powder to propel projectiles (Technical Definition).
A firearm - is any handheld or compact weapon, whether a small arm or a light
weapon, that fires or is intended to fire a bullet, arrow, slug, rocket, or another
projectile that is fired by expanding gases from burning gunpowder or
other materials. The barrel, frame, or receiver is considered a firearm for
purposes of R.A. 10591 (Legal Definition).

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For instructional purposes only • 2nd Semester SY 2020-2021 3

Types of Firearm

Shotguns – it is smooth bore arms designed to be fired from the shoulder.

Source: https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/pump-action-shotgun-gm474940602-64988723
Figure. 1.0 Shotgun
Rifle – A long-barreled firearm with riflings inside the gun barrel.

Source: https://saudykla.lt/en/colt-m4-carbine
Figure.1.1 M16 Rifle

Handguns – a type of firearms that can be aimed or fired with one hand or both
hands either a pistol or revolver.

• Pistol- refers to a small firearm having one chamber integral with the
barrel and designed to be held in one arm.
• Revolver - refers to a short-barreled firearm with a rotating cylinder
designed to be fired by one hand.

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 4 Crpe 14: Fundamentals of Marksmanship

Source: https://www.gunsandammo.com/editorial/2017-revolvers/248259
Figure 1.2 Pistol and Revolver

Two Groups of Firearms:

1. Long Arms or Shoulder Arms

Long guns (also known as shoulder arms) are firearms that are
designed to be held and shot from the hip or shoulder with both hands.

• Rifles – any firearm with spiral grooves cut on the interior of the muzzle
to give a bullet spin when it is shot.
• Musket (obsolete) – A musket is a smoothbore rifle with a muzzle-
loading long shot.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_1822_Musket
Figure. 1.3 Musket
• Shotgun – a smoothbore firearm which is fired from the shoulder and
discharge numerous shots.
• Carbine - derived from the French word carabine, is a long-barreled
weapon that is shorter in length than a rifle or musket.

Source:https://www.google.com/search?q=carbine&safe=strict&source=lnmS
Figure. 1.4 Carbine

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For instructional purposes only • 2nd Semester SY 2020-2021 5

Hand Arms / Short Arms

• Pistol - refers to a small firearm having one chamber integral with the
barrel and designed to be held in one arm.
• Revolver - refers to a short-barreled firearm with a rotating cylinder
designed to be fired by one hand.

Types of Firearms Based on Interior Barrel Construction:

1. Smooth Bore Weapon - A smooth bore firearm does not have rifling
within the barrel.
2. Rifled Bore Weapon – These are weapons rifling within the barrel, which
is made up of land and grooves.

Source: https://www.hunter-ed.com/muzzleloader/studyGuide/Rifling-in-the-Bore/222099_88847/
Figure. 1.5 Rifled Barrel and Smoothbore Barrel

Types of Firearms Based on Projectile Propulsion:

1. Artillery – guns that shoot bullets with a diameter of one inch or

greater.

Source: https://www.tactical-life.com/news/milkor-m32-grenade-launchers-40mm/
Figure. 1.6 Grenade launcher

2. Small Arms – handguns that shoot bullets with a diameter of less

than one inch.

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 6 Crpe 14: Fundamentals of Marksmanship

Typology of Firearm Action

1. Automatic Action – A locked breech weapon action used in semi-

automatic and fully automatic weapons.

2. Blowback/Blow Forward Operation – is a mechanism in which semi-

automatic and fully automatic weapons work by transferring the energy
provided by combustion in the chamber and base to the bolt face
through the cartridge.

3. Gas Operated firearm – Which is a way of powering semi-automatic

and fully automatic firearms with gas. A part of the high-pressure gas
from the firing projectile is used to remove the spent case and chamber
a new cartridge in a gas procedure.

4. Manual Operation – This is a weapon concept that refers to any form

of firearm action that is loaded by the operator one shot at a time rather
than automatically.

Types of Manual Operated Firearm

a. Bolt action – weapons in which the bolt is used to manually open and
close the breech.

Source: https://www.amazon.com/Last-Bolt-Gun-History-Action-ebook/dp/B00Z7825QW
Figure. 1.7 Bolt Action Rifle

b. Lever Action – cartridges are ejected and chambered using a lever.

Source: https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/563442603360927422/
Figure. 1.8 Lever Action rifle

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For instructional purposes only • 2nd Semester SY 2020-2021 7

c. Pump/Slide Operation – the operator manually controls a grip called

the fore-end to remove and chamber a new round.

Source: https://www.airsoftarms.eu/en/agm-003-pump-action-shotgun-short-bk.html
Figure. 1.9 Pump Action Shotgun

d. Break Action – a firearm with a hinged muzzle that can be torn open
to reveal the breech.

Source: https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2015/09/17/break-action-semi-auto-beretta/
Figure. 2.0 Break Action rifle

e. e. Falling block – is a form of single-shot weapon in which the breech

is opened and closed by a lever.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falling-block_action
Figure. 2.1 Falling Block Rifle

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 8 Crpe 14: Fundamentals of Marksmanship

Learning Tasks/Activities
Look for different pictures of firearms, categorize them into handguns, rifles,
and machine guns. Make an e-folder and place it all inside and submit it to
your instructor.

Assessment
Test I. Definition of Terms: Write the meaning of a firearm.
1. What is the legal definition of a firearm as compared to the technical
definition?

Test II. Enumerate the following copy and write your answer in the answer
sheet.

1 - 2 name the two types of handguns

3 – 6 identify the manually operated firearm
7 – 8 kinds of a firearm according to gun barrel internal construction.
9 – 10 Two parts of riflings

Instructions on how to submit student output

1. Answer the questions pre-test exercise in module 1 and submit

answers to VSUEE.
2. Read and understand all the lesson in Lesson 1.1
3. Accomplish and submit quizzes, assignments, or activity outputs
through VSUEE or as instructed by the instructor.
4. Answer the Post-test exercise in Module 1 and submit it through
VSUEE.

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For instructional purposes only • 2nd Semester SY 2020-2021 9

Lesson 1.2: Basic Components of firearm

Lesson Summary
This lesson presents the basic components of firearms particularly the parts
of pistol, revolver, and shotgun.

Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:
1. Illustrate the basic components of a firearm;
2. Identify the basic parts of a pistol, revolver, and shotgun

Motivation Question

Which handgun do you prefer a pistol or a revolver? Why?

Basic components of a firearm

1) Barrel – a weapon's metal pipe, made of high-grade carbon steel and
shaped like a cylindrical tube, in which the projectile is given velocity
and direction of travel, as well as focus gases to propel the bullet.

• Muzzle refers to the barrel's front end or mouth.

Source: https://www.ndzperformance.com/NDZ-Performance-Sig-Sauer-P365-Barrel-DLC-9MM-
p/ndz-brl-p365-dlc.htm
Figure. 2.2 Barrel of Pistol showing the breech, muzzle and bore.

• Bore – the interior of the barrel from which the bullet passes.
• Rifling – helical or spiral grooves and ridges running the length of the
barrel and over its back.
▪ The raised or elevated part of the gun barrel is known as the lands.
▪ Use to determine the weapon's caliber from one land to the next.
▪ When the bullet flies through the barrel, it engraves or cuts the bullet
jacket.

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 10 Crpe 14: Fundamentals of Marksmanship

▪ Grooves are the depressed areas within the barrel's bore.

Source: https://episystechpubs.com/2020/03/12/editors-corner-lands-and-grooves/
Figure. 2.3 Lands and Grooves of firearm
• Chamber – the big section on the back of the barrel where the cartridge
is loaded and ready to shoot.
2) Breech – the open gap at the barrel's rear end that recesses to match a
lock mechanism, normally a bolt, to close the chamber and keep gases
from escaping.
3) Firing mechanism - The system that ignites the primer.
4) Receiver – a system that houses or carries other operating components
to execute one or more functions.

Source: https://episystechpubs.com/2020/03/12/editors-corner-lands-and-grooves/
Figure. 2.4 Upper and Lower receiver of Caliber .45 pistol

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For instructional purposes only • 2nd Semester SY 2020-2021 11

Parts of Revolver, Pistol, Shotgun, and rifle

Figure 2.5 illustrates the various parts of the revolver, figure 2.6, 2.7 shows
the various parts of the pistol, figure 2.8 shows the different basic parts of a
shotgun, and figure 2.9 shows the basic parts of the M4 rifle.

Source: https://savannaharsenal.com/shooting/firearm-parts-diagrams-and-glossary/
Figure 2.5 shows the basic parts of a revolver

Source: http://crawfordconcealedcarry.com/courses.php
Figure 2.6 basic parts of caliber .45 pistol

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 12 Crpe 14: Fundamentals of Marksmanship

Source: http://mancavehq.weebly.com/merica/parts-of-a-handgun
Figure 2.7 shows the basic parts of caliber 9mm

Source: https://www.dnatactical.com/articles/shotguns.htm
Figure 2.8 shows the basic parts of a shotgun

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For instructional purposes only • 2nd Semester SY 2020-2021 13

source: https://savannaharsenal.com/shooting/firearm-parts-diagrams-and-glossary/
Figure 2.9 shows the basic parts of M4 rifle

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 14 Crpe 14: Fundamentals of Marksmanship

Learning Tasks/Activities

Identify the parts of Caliber .45 pistol

Source:https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/seperate-parts-handgun-pistol-part-gm602328702-103538579
Figure. 3.0 disambled caliber. 45 pistol

Assessment
Identify the following parts of a firearm.

1. Enumerate and discuss each basic component of a firearm.

2. Enumerate the basic parts of;
a) Revolver
b) Pistol
c) Shotgun

Instructions on how to submit student output

1. Answer the questions pre-test exercise in module 1 and submit

answers to VSUEE.
2. Read and understand all the lesson in Lesson 1.2
3. Accomplish and submit quizzes, assignments, or activity outputs
through VSUEE or as instructed by the instructor.
4. Answer the Post-test exercise in Module 1 and submit it through
VSUEE.

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For instructional purposes only • 2nd Semester SY 2020-2021 15

Module Posttest

Module Posttest
I. Instruction: Read the questions carefully and analyze the correct
answer. Write the letter only in your answer sheet.
1. Refers to a device used as a weapon that fires either single or multiple
projectiles propelled at high velocity by the gases produced through
rapid, confined burning of a propellant.
a. Firearm b. Guns c. Rifles d. Weapons
2. Which is an example of a smoothbore firearm?
a. Pistol b. Musket c. Rifle d. Carbine
3. It refers to firearms that can be aimed and fired with only one hand.
a. Handguns b. Pistol c. Revolver d. Small arms
4. It is the open space at the rear end portion at the barrel which
recesses to fit a lock mechanism usually a bolt to seal the chamber
and to prevent the escape of gases.
a. Breech b. Bore c. Chamber d. Receiver
5. The raised or elevated portion inside the gun barrel and use to
measure the caliber of the weapon from land to opposite land. It also
engraves or cuts the bullet jacket as it travels inside the barrel.
a. Lands c. Grooves
b. Rifling’s d. Helical grooves
6. A shoulder firearm that has no rifling inside its gun barrel and design
to fire multiple shot upon its discharge
a. Carbine b. Musket c. Machine Gun d. Shotgun
7. A hand firearm equipped with a rotating cylinder, serving as a
magazine successively places a cartridge into a position for firing.
a. Handguns b. Pistol c. Revolver d. Small Arms
8. Refers to firearms that propel projectiles less than one (1) inch in
diameter.
a. Artillery b. Canons c. Rifles d. Small Arms
9. These refer to firearms that have helical groves inside their gun barrel.
a. Machine Guns c. Rifled Bore
b. Smoothbore d. None of these
10. This part of the barrel is called the forward end of the firearm.
a. Bore b. Barrel c. Muzzle d. chamber

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No.
 16 Crpe 14: Fundamentals of Marksmanship

II. Identify and label the parts of the pistol.

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For instructional purposes only • 2nd Semester SY 2020-2021 17

References and Additional Resources

Grimares E.M. (2016), Forensic Ballistics, Wisemans Books Trading Inc.

Peckley M.F. (2013), firearm and Firearm Safety 2nd Edition, Wiseman’s
Books Traiding Inc.

Vicente J.B. (2012)Handbook on Marksmanship and Combat shooting,

Wisemans Books Trading Inc

Internet References:

AGM 003 pump action Shotgun short 0.84 Joule - BK. (n.d.). Retrieved March
24, 2021, from https://www.airsoftarms.eu/en/agm-003-pump-action-
shotgun-short-bk.html

Artfully79. (n.d.). Disassembled handgun on white background. separate

parts handgun. Retrieved March 25, 2021, from
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/seperate-parts-handgun-pistol-
part-gm602328702-103538579

Civil war gun glossary firearm small arms pistol rifle guns. (n.d.). Retrieved
March 25, 2021, from
http://www.thomaslegion.net/americancivilwar/civilwargunsglossary.
html

C, N. (2015, September 17). Break action semi-auto beretta video -. Retrieved

March 25, 2021, from
https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2015/09/17/break-action-
semi-auto-beretta/

Crawford concealed carry & MORE LLC. (n.d.). Retrieved March 25, 2021,
from http://crawfordconcealedcarry.com/courses.php

Falling-block action. (2021, January 25). Retrieved March 25, 2021, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falling-block_action

Firearm parts. (2020, March 23). Retrieved March 25, 2021, from
https://savannaharsenal.com/shooting/firearm-parts-diagrams-and-
glossary/

Life, T. (2019, May 06). Milkor selling 40mm army Trade-in M32 grenade
launchers for $15k. Retrieved March 25, 2021, from https://www.tactical-
life.com/news/milkor-m32-grenade-launchers-40mm/

Kkienerm. (n.d.). Firearms module 2 key Issues: Typology and classification

of firearms. Retrieved March 25, 2021, from
https://www.unodc.org/e4j/en/firearms/module-2/key-issues/typology-and-
classification-of-firearms.html
Model 1822 Musket. (2021, January 31). Retrieved March 25, 2021, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_1822_Musket

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Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge TP-IMD-02
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No.
 18 Crpe 14: Fundamentals of Marksmanship

Musket. (2021, February 25). Retrieved March 25, 2021, from

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musket#:~:text=A%20musket%20is%20a%20m
uzzle,capable%20of%20penetrating%20heavy%20armor.

NDZ performance Sig Sauer P365 Barrel MATCH Grade Diamond-Like Carbon
9MM: NDZ Performance. (n.d.). Retrieved March 25, 2021, from
https://www.ndzperformance.com/NDZ-Performance-Sig-Sauer-P365-Barrel-
DLC-9MM-p/ndz-brl-p365-dlc.htm

Parts of a handgun. (n.d.). Retrieved March 25, 2021, from

http://mancavehq.weebly.com/merica/parts-of-a-handgun

Pin on guns. (n.d.). Retrieved March 25, 2021, from

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/563442603360927422/

Rifling in the bore. (n.d.). Retrieved March 25, 2021, from https://www.hunter-
ed.com/muzzleloader/studyGuide/Rifling-in-the-Bore/222099_88847/

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No.
Module 2: Firearm Cycle of
Operation and
malfunction
Module Overview

This module explains the steps of firearm operation once a series of shots
are fired. It also deals with common firearm malfunction and stoppages.

Motivation Question
Does it find you important to understand the firearm cycle of operation? If,
yes, why?

Module Pretest

Matching type: Match column A with Column B. Select the letter of the correct
answer and write it in your answer sheet.

Column A.
1. Returns the firing mechanism to the cocked position, allowing another
bullet to be fired.
2. refers to the process of transferring a round from the magazine to the
chamber.
3. entails putting the ammunition in the slide's direction.
4. refers to the forward acceleration of certain components caused by
the compressed recoil spring expanding.
5. this includes covering the round in the chamber and locking the
barrel's breech end onto the slide.
6. the primer is ignited and the ammunition is fired.
7. which involves removing the spent cartridge from the ejection port.
8. unsealing the breech end and unlocking the barrel from the slide.
9. Taking the spent cartridge out of the chamber.
10. the backward movement of certain components as a result of the
explosion and reaction of the projectile's forward thrust and gases.
Column B
a. Firing e. Extracting I. Chambering
b. Feeding f. Ejecting j. Counter Recoil
c. Recoil Movement g. Cocking
d. Unlocking h. Locking
 20 Crpe 14: Fundamentals of Marksmanship

Lesson 2.1: The basic firearm cycle

operation

Lesson Summary

This lesson deals with the basic firearm cycle of operation.

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:

1. Describe the firearm cycle of operation;

2. Categorize firearm cycle of operation.

Motivation Question
Which handgun do you prefer a pistol or a revolver? Why?

The Cycle of Operation

To understand the functioning of a semi-automatic firearm one should be

familiar with the cycle of operation.
1. Recoil Movement – the backward movement of certain components
as a result of the explosion and reaction of the projectile's forward
thrust and gases.

a. Unlocking - unsealing the breech end and unlocking the barrel

from the slide.
b. Extracting - Taking the spent cartridge out of the chamber.
c. Ejecting - which involves removing the spent cartridge from the
ejection port.
d. Cocking - returns the firing mechanism to the cocked position,
allowing another bullet to be fired.

2. Counter Recoil Movement refers to the forward acceleration of certain

components caused by the compressed recoil spring expanding.

a. Feeding entails putting the ammunition in the slide's direction.

b. Chambering refers to the process of transferring a round from the
magazine to the chamber.
c. Locking - this includes covering the round in the chamber and
locking the barrel's breech end onto the slide.
d. Firing - the primer is ignited and the ammunition is fired.

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For instructional purposes only • 2nd Semester SY 2020-2021 21

Learning Tasks/Activities
From the internet download video clip on the cycle of firearm operation. Then,
watch the video and make a reaction paper about how a firearm operates.

Assessment

Essay: Write your answer briefly.

1. Explain briefly the firearm cycle of operation.
2. Identify the two movements of firearm operation and identify the
action involve.

Instructions on how to submit student output

1. Answer the questions pre-test exercise in module 2 and submit

answers to VSUEE.
2. Read and understand all the lesson in Lesson 2.1
3. Accomplish and submit quizzes, assignments, or activity outputs
through VSUEE or as instructed by the instructor.
4. Answer the Post-test exercise in Module 2 and submit it through
VSUEE.

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No.
 22 Crpe 14: Fundamentals of Marksmanship

Lesson 2.2: Firearm Malfunction and

Stoppages

Lesson Summary

This lesson discusses the common malfunction and stoppages encountered

by a firearm user.

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:

1. Identify firearm malfunction;
2. Explain firearm malfunction and stoppages.

Motivation Question

Is firearm malfunction natural and common to all firearms?

Malfunction and Stoppages

A. Malfunction - Failure of the arm to operate satisfactorily outside of the

period of service.
1. Rub – away – constant fire even after the trigger is released
2. Cock-Off – a premature fire caused by the barrel's heat.
3. Hangfire – primer ignition is delayed due to a flaw in the ammunition.
4. Sluggish – due to unnecessary mud, certain pieces travel slowly.
5. Ammunition malfunction – misfire

B. Stoppages – an accidental break in the operation's cycle, such as a

failure to shoot, cock, or eat.

1. Prompt Intervention – the application of a solution without delay to

mitigate the stoppage without first examining the cause.

2. Remedial Action – the ongoing endeavor to identify the source of the

stoppage, apply a solution to clear the stoppage until it is detected,
and return the weapon to service.

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For instructional purposes only • 2nd Semester SY 2020-2021 23

Learning Tasks/Activities
From the internet download video clip about common malfunction of pistols.
Then, watch the video and make a synthesis on firearm malfunction and
stoppages especially pistols.

Assessment

Essay: Write your answer briefly.

1. What are the common malfunctions of pistols?
2. How firearm stoppages is troubleshoot?

Instructions on how to submit student output

1. Answer the questions pre-test exercise in module 2 and submit

answers to VSUEE.
2. Read and understand all the lesson in Lesson 2.2
3. Accomplish and submit quizzes, assignments, or activity outputs
through VSUEE or as instructed by the instructor.
4. Answer the Post-test exercise in Module 2 and submit it through
VSUEE.

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No.
 24 Crpe 14: Fundamentals of Marksmanship

Module Posttest

Multiple Choice: Read the questions carefully and select the best answer.
1. It refers to the constant fire even after the trigger is released.
a. Cock – off b. Hangfire c. Rub – Away d. Sluggish
2. The failure of the arm to operate satisfactorily outside of the period of
service.
a. Malfunction b. Misfire c. Rub – Away d. Sluggish
3. It is the backward movement of certain components as a result of the
explosion and reaction of the projectile's forward thrust and gases.
a. Counter Recoil b. Extracting c. Ejecting d. Recoil
4. This is due to unnecessary mud, certain pieces of firearm travel
slowly.
5. What do you call a premature fire caused by the barrel's heat?
a. Cock – off b. Hangfire c. Rub – Away d. Sluggish
6. What is an accidental break in the operation's cycle, such as a failure
to shoot, cock, or eat?
a. Malfunction b. Misfire c. Sluggish d. Stoppages
7. What do you call this malfunction in firearm when the primer ignition
is delayed due to a flaw in the ammunition?
a. Cock – off b. Hangfire c. Rub – Away d. Sluggish
8. Refers to the forward acceleration of certain components caused by
the compressed recoil spring expanding.
a. Counter Recoil b. Locking c. Recoil d. Unlocking
9. This includes covering the round in the chamber and locking the
barrel's breech end onto the slide.
a. chambering b. Locking c. Feeding d. None of these
10. It entails inputting the ammunition in the slide's direction.
a. chambering b. Locking c. Feeding d. None of these

References and Additional Resources

Ferrari S., Cycle of Operation, SIG Sauer Classic P-Series (P226, P220, P229)
Retrieved on March 10, 2021, From Internal Animations
https://www.realgunreviews.com/sig-sauer-classic-p-series-p226-
p220-p229-internal-animations/
Grimares E.M. (2016), Forensic Ballistics, Wisemans Books Trading Inc.
Peckley M.F. (2013), firearm and Firearm Safety 2nd Edition, Wiseman’s
Books Traiding Inc.
Vicente J.B. (2012)Handbook on Marksmanship and Combat shooting,
Wisemans Books Trading Inc

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No.
For instructional purposes only • 2nd Semester SY 2020-2021 25

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No.
 DEPARTMENT OF CRIMINOLOGY
College of Criminal Justice Education

For inquiries, contact:

ROSE ANN DIAGSAY AGUJA, Ph.D.

[email protected] • [email protected]
+63 917 630 7511 Local 1234

Use this code when referring to this material:

TP-IMD-02 v0 07-15-20 • No. 1 VSUT-DOC-Crpe 14-2021-001

Visca, Baybay City, Leyte

Philippines 6521
[email protected]
+63 53 565 0600