NCM (2nd) TM4B11 e

147
Chapter 11 More about Basic Properties of

Circles
Q & A (P.11.2) Instant Drill 2 (P.11.6)
1. OAX = OBX = 90 ACD = 90
OA = OB ∵ BC = AB
OX = OX ∴ BCA = BAC = 20
∴ It is true that △OAX  △OBX (RHS). BAD + BCD = 180
∵ △OAX  △OBX BAC + CAD + BCA + ACD = 180
∴ OXA = OXB 20 +  + 20 + 90 = 180
XOA = XOB  = 50
XA = XB
∴ We have the following properties of tangents to a Instant Drill 3 (P.11.7)
circle: ∵ △PQT is an equilateral triangle.
If XA and XB are the tangents to a circle at A and ∴ PQT = PTQ = QPT = 60
B respectively, OXA = OXB, XOA = XOB x = SQP
and XA = XB. = SQT + PQT
= 40 + 60
= 100
2. OXB = AXB
PTQ + STQ + STU = 180
= 60 + y + 100 = 180
y = 20
=  72
= 36 Instant Drill 4 (P.11.8)

∵ CE = CD
tan OXB =
∴ CED = CDE = 
OB = 1.8  tan 36 m
CED = 
= 1.3 m, cor. to 1 d.p.
∴ =
∴ The radius of the sphere is 1.3 m.
∵ BA // DF
∴ ABD + BDF = 180
Instant Drill 1 (P.11.5)
ABF + DBF + BDF = 180
In △ACD,
52 +  +  = 180
ADC + DAC + ACD = 180
2 = 128
ADC + 40 + 65 = 180
 = 64
ADC = 75
 = 64
In cyclic quadrilateral ABCD,
ABC + ADC = 180
ABC + 75 = 180
ABC = 105
© Oxford University Press 2014

148 Solutions
Alternative Method
∵ BA // DF Instant Drill 7 (P.11.18)
∴ BFD = ABF = 52 (a) ∵ CM = BM
DCE = BFD = 52 ∴ OM  BC
∵ CE = CD ∴ OMC = 90
∴ CED = CDE =  (b) OMC + ONC = 90 + 90
In △CDE, = 180
CDE + CED + DCE = 180 ∴ CMON is a cyclic quadrilateral. (opp. s supp.)
 +  + 52 = 180
2 = 128 Instant Drill 8 (P.11.18)
 = 64 (a) ∵ DC // EF
 = CED ∴  = CEF = 45
= 64 CDF = CEF = 45
∵ AB // DC
Instant Drill 5 (P.11.17) ∴  = CDF
(a) (i) BAD + BCD = 35 + 75 + 70 = 45
= 180 (b) BAD = DCE = 45
∴ A, B, C and D are concyclic. (opp. s ∴ ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.
supp.) (ext.  = int. opp. )
(ii) From (a)(i), A, B, C and D are concyclic.
∴  = BAC Instant Drill 9 (P.11.28)
= 75 OAD = 90
(b) (i) ADE = 50 + 50 ∵ OA = OB
= 100 ∴ BAO = ABO
= ABC In △ABD,
∴ A, B, C and D are concyclic. ADO + ABC + BAD = 180
(ext.  = int. opp. ) ADO + ABC + ABC + OAD = 180
(ii) From (b)(i), A, B, C and D are concyclic. 46 + 2ABC + 90 = 180
∴ BAD + BCD = 180 2ABC = 44
 + 150 = 180 ABC = 22
 = 30
Instant Drill 6 (P.11.17) ∵ RS // PQ
CBE = CAE = 20 ∴ ABS = PAB = 90
∴ ABCE is a cyclic quadrilateral. i.e. OB  RS
∴ BAE = ECD ∴ RS is the tangent to the circle at B.
 + 20 = 80 (converse of tangent  radius)
 = 60

Chapter 11: More about Basic Properties of Circles 149
MBO = b

Join OA. In △ABC,
Let r be the radius of the smaller circle. ACB + CAB + ABC = 180
100 + a + a + b + b = 180
2(a + b) = 80
a + b = 40
In △OAB,
OAB + OBA + AOB = 180
a + b +  = 180
∵ OM  AB 40 +  = 180
∴ AM = BM  = 140
i.e. AM = AB
= (16) In △APD,
AP = AD
=8
DAP = ADP
OA = OD
DAP + ADP + APD = 180
= 16  r
2DAP + 66 = 180
In △OAM, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
2DAP = 114
OM2 + AM2 = OA2
DAP = 57
r2 + 82 = (16  r)2
QAC + CAD + DAP = 180
r2 + 64 = 256  32r + r2
72 + CAD + 57 = 180
32r = 192
CAD = 51
r=6
CBD = CAD
OC = OD
= 51
= 16  6
= 10
CM = OC  OM
Let BR = x cm.
= 10  6
BQ = QR  BR = (12  x) cm
=4
AQ = BQ
= (12  x) cm
CR = BR
= x cm
CP = PR  CR = (13  x) cm
AP = CP
= (13  x) cm
∵ AQ + AP = PQ
Let OAB = a and OBA = b.
∴ (12  x) + (13  x) = 21
NAO = a
2x = 4

150 Solutions
x=2
∴ The length of BR is 2 cm.
Instant Drill 15 (P.11.39) Instant Drill 16 (P.11.41)

(a) DOE = DOC = x Join AB and construct AC  BQ.
AOB = AOE
AOB + AOE + DOE + DOC = 180
2AOB + 2x = 180
AOB + x = 90
AOB = 90  x
(b) Let r be the radius of the semi-circle.
OBA = 90 and OCD = 90. ∵ PQ is a common tangent.
OBA + OCD = 90 + 90 ∴ AP  PQ and BQ  PQ.
= 180 ∴ ACQP is a rectangle.
∴ AB // DC ∴ CQ = AP and AC = PQ.
Construct AF  CD. Then ABCF is a rectangle. In △ABC,
AB = 4 + 9 = 13
BC = BQ  CQ
=94
=5
By Pythagoras’ theorem,
AC2 + BC2 = AB2
AC =
In △ADF, =
DF = CD  CF = 12
=94 ∴ PQ = AC = 12
=5
AE = AB = 4 Instant Drill 17 (P.11.51)
DE = DC = 9 PQR = RPB = 72
∴ AD = AE + DE RPQ = DQR = 63
=4+9 In △PQR,
= 13 PRQ + PQR + RPQ = 180
By Pythagoras’ theorem, x + 72 + 63 = 180
AF2 + DF2 = AD2 x = 45
AF =
=
= 12
∵ AF = BC = 2r
∴ 2r = 12
r=6
∴ The radius of the semi-circle is 6.

Instant Drill 18 (P.11.52) Instant Drill 20 (P.11.59)

CTP = CAT = 45 BAC = 90  in semi-
BTQ = BAT = 40 i.e. CA  AB circle
∵ AB // CT
∴ CA is the tangent to the circle at
∴ ATC = BAT = 40
A.
CTP + ATC + ATB + BTQ = 180
converse of
45 + 40 +  + 40 = 180
tangent 
 = 55
radius
In △ABT,
BAT + ATB + ABT = 180
40 + 55 +  = 180
 = 85
Alternative Method
ACB = ATB = 
BCT = BAT = 40
∵ AB // CT
∴ BAC + ACT = 180
Let ADB = BEC = a,
CAT + BAT + BCT + ACB = 180
DCE = ACB = b and ACE = c.
45 + 40 + 40 +  = 180
In △BCE,
 = 55
CBE + BEC + BCE = 180  sum of △
ABT + ACT = 180
 + 55 + 40 = 180 CBE + a + b + c = 180
 = 85 CBE = 180  a  b  c
In △ACD,
CAD + ADC + ACD = 180  sum of △
BAC = 90
∵ AB = AC CAD + a + b + c = 180
∴ ABC = ACB CAD = 180  a  b  c

In △ABC, ∴ CBE = CAD
ABC + ACB + BAC = 180 ∴ A, B, C and F are concyclic.
2ABC + 90 = 180 converse of s
2ABC = 90 in the same
ABC = 45 segment
∴ ABC = CAQ = 45
∴ PQ is the tangent to the circle at A. Instant Drill 22 (P.11.62)
(converse of  in alt. segment) (a) BCD = AFB ext. , cyclic
quad.

152 Solutions
AEB = AFB s in the same ∴ SR = 2GT
∴ BCD = AEB segment = 2  4 cm

= 8 cm
∴ B, C, D and E are concyclic. ext.  = int.
PH = SR = 8 cm
opp. 
PG = PH + HG
(b) (i) ∵ AC = AD given = (8 + 2) cm
∴ ACD = ADC base s, = 10 cm
∴ AEB = ADC isos. △ ∴ The radius of the circle is 10 cm.
∴ BE // CD corr. s equal
Instant Drill Corner 11.1 (P.11.4)
(ii) ∵ BE // CD proved in (b)(i)
1. BAD + BCD = 180
∴ ABE = ACD corr. s, a + 60 = 180
BE // CD a = 120
∴ ABE = AEB
∴
equal angles, 2. QRS + QPS = 180
equal arcs c + 128 = 180
Instant Drill 23 (P.11.63) c = 52
(a) Produce RH to cut PQ at U.
3. BCD + BAD = 180
f + 80 + 70 = 180
f = 30
1. ADE = CBE
y = 80
H is the orthocentre of △PQR. given
2. CBD = AED
∴ PTQ = QUR = 90 by definition
b = 110
QS is a diameter. given
∴ SPQ = SRQ = 90  in semi- 3. CBD = AED
i.e. SPQ = QUR and circle 2c = 130
SRQ = PTQ c = 65
∴ PS // UR and PT // SR
i.e. PS // HR and PH // SR
corr. s equal 1. ∵ AB = BC
∴ PHRS is a parallelogram.
∴ BAC = BCA = 35
ACD = 90
by definition
BAD + BCD = 180
(b) G is the circumcentre of △PQR.
BAC + CAD + ACD + BCA = 180
∴ QG = GS
35 + x + 90 + 35 = 180
QT = TR
x = 20
∵ PT // SR

2. BAD + BCD = 83 + 107

2. : = ABD : BAD = 190
 180
= ∴ A, B, C and D are not concyclic.
ABD = 40
3. ABD = ACD = 30
y = ABC
∴ A, B, C and D are concyclic.
= ABD + CBD
(converse of s in the same segment)
= 40 + 26
= 66
4. ABC + 50 + 90 = 180
ABC = 40
3. ∵ AB // CD
ADC = 50
∴ BCD = ABC = 56
∴ ABC  ADC
CBD = z
∴ A, B, C and D are not concyclic.
∵ CD = BC
∴ CDB = CBD = z
In △BCD,
1. ∵ AD // BC
BCD + CDB + CBD = 180
∴ ADC + BCD = 180
56 + z + z = 180
ADC = 180  b
2z = 124
ADC + ABC = 180  b + b
z = 62
= 180
∴ A, B, C and D are concyclic. (opp. s supp.)
4. PQR = RTS
x + 20 = 70
2. In △ABC,
x = 50
BAC + ABC + BCA = 180
∵ PQ = PT
BAC + 40 + 32 + 32 = 180
∴ PTQ = PQT
BAC = 76
= 50
BDC = 40
In △PQT,
∴ BAC  BDC
PTQ + PQT + QPT = 180
50 + 50 + QPT = 180
QPT = 80
3. BAC = BDC = 38
y = QPT
∴ ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.
= 80
ABC + ADC = 180
m + 60 + 38 = 180
1. BAD = BCE = 79
m = 82
∴ A, B, C and D are concyclic. (ext.  = int. opp.
)
4. BAD = 90 + 20
= 110

154 Solutions
= ECD In △OAT, by Pythagoras’ theorem,

∴ ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. OT2= OA2 + TA2
(ext.  = int. opp. ) k2 = 152 + 202
ADC + ABC = 180 k2 = 625
x + 65 = 180 k = 25 or 25 (rejected)
x = 115
2. ∵ OA = OB
5. BCD + BAD = 54 + 126 ∴ OAB = OBA = 40
= 180 OAT = 90
∴ ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. (opp. s supp.) n + 40 = 90
ADP = 90 n = 50
ABC = ADP
x = 90 3. ∵ CB = CA
∴ OBC = OAC = 28
Instant Drill Corner 11.6 (P.11.27) ∵ OC = OB
1. OAT = 90 ∴ OCB = OBC = 28
m + 50 = 90 In △ABC,
m = 40 OAC + OBC + OCB + OCA = 180
28 + 28 + 28 + OCA = 180
2. OAP = 90 OCA = 96
In △OAP,  90
OAP + POA + APO = 180 ∴ AC is not the tangent to the circle at C.
90 + 20 + x = 180
x = 70
3. OAP = 90 4. Join OP and OT.
In △OAP, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
OA2 + AP2 = OP2
r2 + 302 = 342
r2 = 256
r = 16 or 16 (rejected)
OT  PQ
4. OP + BP = (16 + 12 ) cm = 400 cm
2 2 2 2 2 2
In △OPT, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
OB2 = 202 cm2 = 400 cm2 PT2 + OT2 = OP2
∵ OB2 = OP2 + BP2 PT =
∴ OPB = 90 =
i.e. OP  AB = 12
∴ AB is the tangent to the circle at P. ∵ PT = QT
(converse of tangent  radius) ∴ PQ = 2PT
= 2  12
Instant Drill Corner 11.7 (P.11.30) = 24
1. OAT = 90


1. OTA = OTB 4. Let r be the radius and O be the centre of the circle.
a = 40 Join OA and OB. Construct QD  RS.
TA = TB
b=5
2. TA = TB
c=8
OAT = 90
OTA = OTB = 28
In △AOT,
AOT + OAT + OTA = 180 OAP = OBR = 90
d + 90 + 28 = 180 ∵ PQ // RS
d = 62 ∴ Both OA and OB are perpendicular to PQ and
RS.
Instant Drill Corner 11.9 (P.11.42) ∴ AOB is a straight line.
1. (a) The required angle is RPO. ∴ ABDQ is a rectangle.
(b) The required angle is POQ. In △QDS,
(c) The required line segment is PR. DS = BS  BD = 25  9 = 16
CQ = AQ = 9
CS = BS = 25
∴ QS = CQ + CS
= 9 + 25
= 34
2. OAR = OAP = 32
OBP = OBQ = 24 By Pythagoras’ theorem,
OCQ = OCR = e QD2 + DS2 = QS2
In △ABC, QD =
ABC + BCA + CAB = 180 =
24 + 24 + e + e + 32 + 32= 180 = 30
2e = 68 ∵ QD = AB = 2r
e = 34 ∴ 2r = 30
r = 15
3. YXW + YZW = 180 ∴ The radius of the circle is 15.
YXW + 122 = 180
YXW = 58 5. Construct BC  AP.
∵ AX = AW
∴ AXW = AWX = m
CXY + YXW + AXW = 180
82 + 58 + m = 180
m = 40

156 Solutions
x = 75
BED = DBC
y = 60
2. EDF = 90
BDF = FBA = 25
∵ PQ is a common tangent. EFB + BDE = 180
∴ AP  PQ and BQ  PQ. EFB + 90 + 25 = 180
∴ BCPQ is a rectangle. EFB = 65
∴ CP = BQ and CB = PQ.
In △ABC, by Pythagoras’ theorem, 3. ∵ AB // ED
AC2 + BC2 = AB2 ∴ ABC = BCD

AC = ACE = BCD
= cm ∴ ABC = ACE
= 5 cm ∴ ED is the tangent to the circle at C.
Let R cm and r cm be the radii of the larger circle and (converse of  in alt. segment)
the smaller circle respectively.
(1) + (2): 2R = 18 1. BAD = ADB = 60 property of
R=9 equil. △
∴ The radius of the larger circle is 9 cm. DCE = BAD ext. , cyclic
quad.
∴ DCE = ADB
1. BXY = XZY 2. In △ABC and △ADC,
c = 48 common side
AC = AC
ABC = ADC = 90  in semi-

2. AXZ = XYZ circle
AB = AD
d = 102
given
3. (a) The required angle is CBT. ∴ △ABC  △ADC
RHS
(b) The required angles are PTQ and ABT. ∴ BC = DC
(c) The required angle is BCT. corr. sides,
(d) CBT = CTP  △s
PTQ = ATK 3. In △ADE and △BCE,
ABT = ATK ADE = BCE s in the same
∴ ABT = PTQ segment
∴ ABT + CBT = PTQ + CTP DAE = CBE s in the same
i.e. ABC = CTQ segment
∴ The required angle is ABC. vert. opp. s

AED = BEC
∴ △ADE ~ △BCE AAA
1. ABE = EDB

4. BAD = CDB  in alt. ∴ CDA = BAE

segment d = 110
ABD = ADE  in alt.
segment 7. ∵ △BCD is an equilateral triangle.
∵ CDB = BDA = ADE given ∴ BCD = 60
∴ BAD = BDA = ABD BAD + BCD = 180

e + 60 = 180
∴ BD = AD = AB sides opp. eq.
e = 120
∴ △ABD is an equilateral s
triangle. 8. In cyclic quadrilateral ABCE,
BCE + BAE = 180
Exercise 11A (P.11.9)
p + 125 = 180
1. BCD + BAD = 180
p = 55
a + 50 = 180
∵ BE = BC
a = 130
∴ BEC = BCE
ABC + ADC = 180
q = 55
b + 90 = 180
In △BCE,
b = 90
CBE + BEC + BCE = 180
CBE + 55 + 55 = 180
2. ABC + ADC = 180
CBE = 70
ABD + CBD + ADC = 180
In cyclic quadrilateral BCDE,
55 + g + 65 = 180
CDE + CBE = 180
g = 60
r + 70 = 180
r = 110
3. ABF = ADC
r = 106
9. ∵ PQ = QR
BCD = DAE
∴ QPR = QRP = 40
s = 85
In △PQR,
PQR + QRP + QPR = 180
4. EDC = ABC
PQR + 40 + 40 = 180
c = 37 + 45
PQR = 100
= 82
PST = PQR
5. ABC + CBE = 180 f = 100
ABC + 100 = 80

ABC = 80
ADF = ABC
m = 80
6. BAE = BCD
= 110 10. In △ADC,
∵ CD // BA ADC + DAC + ACD = 180

83 + 29 + ACD = 180

158 Solutions
ACD = 68
AEB = ACD
h = 68
11. BED = BAF

m = 74
BCD + BED = 180 ∵ AB // CD
n + 74 = 180 ∴ CGF = ABF = 60
n = 106 ∵ FB // ED
∴ CDE = CGF
12. ABD = 90 = 60
ABC = ADE (b) In cyclic quadrilateral CDEF,
ABD + DBC = 130 CDE + CFE = 180
90 + DBC = 130 60 + CFE = 180
DBC = 40 CFE = 120
∵ CB // DA
∴ ADB = DBC 15. (a) ABC + ADC = 180
p = 40 118 + ADC = 180
ADC = 62
13. (a) ∵ OB = OC (b) ACD = 90
∴ OBC = OCB In △ACD,
In △OBC, ACD + ADC + CAD = 180
OBC + OCB + BOC = 180 90 + 62 + CAD = 180
2OBC + 130 = 180 CAD = 28
2OBC = 50
OBC = 25 16. (a) BAD = ECB
(b) ADE = ABC = 70
= ABO + OBC (b) ABD = 90
= 55 + 25 In △ABD,
= 80 ABD + BAD + ADB = 180
90 + 70 + ADB = 180
ADB = 20
17. (a) HMK = KNH = 65

KML = HMK = 65
NHK = KML
= 65
(b) ∵ KNH = NHK = 65
14. (a) Let G be the point of intersection of CD and BF. ∴ KN = KH
∴ △KNH is an isosceles triangle.
18. (a) SPQ + QRS = 180

105 + QRS = 180 72 + PQR = 180

QRS = 75 PQR = 108
∵ QS = QR
∵ =
∴ QSR = QRS
= 75 ∴ PRQ = QPR
(b) QPR = QSR = 75 In △PQR,
SPR + QPR = SPQ QPR + PRQ + PQR = 180
SPR + 75 = 105 2QPR + 108 = 180
SPR = 30 2QPR = 72
QPR = 36
19. ADC = CBE = 116 QRT = SPQ
∵ DC // AE = SPR + QPR
∴ DCB = CBE = 116 = 41 + 36
ACB = 90 = 77
DCA + ACB = DCB (b) In △QRT,
DCA + 90 = 116 QTR + QRT = PQR
DCA = 26 QTR + 77 = 108
In △ACD, QTR = 31
DAC + DCA + ADC = 180
DAC + 26 + 116 = 180 22. Join AB.
DAC = 38
20. Let BAF = x.

In △ACF,
DFE = ACF + BAF
= 46 + x
In △DEF, BAD + DCB = 180
BDF = DFE + FED OAB + OAD + DCB = 180
= 46 + x + 38 OAB + 48 + 95 = 180
= 84 + x OAB = 37
BAF + BDF = 180 ∵ OB = OA
x + 84 + x = 180 ∴ OBA = OAB = 37
2x = 96 ABC + ADC = 180
x = 48 OBA + CBO + ADC = 180
∴ BAF = 48 37 + CBO + 85 = 180
CBO = 58
21. (a) PSR + PQR = 180

160 Solutions
23. (a) Let ACD = x, then DAC = 2x. 25. (a) Join BD.
DCF + ACD + ACB = 180
104 + x + ACB = 180
ACB = 76  x
∵ AB = AC
∴ ABC = ACB
= 76  x
In △ABC, CDB = 90
ABC + ACB + BAC = 180 BAE = CDB
76  x + 76  x + BAC = 180 = 90
BAC = 28 + 2x ∴ BE is a diameter of the circle AEDB.
DAC + BAC = DCF (b) In △ACE,
2x + 28 + 2x = 104 AEC + BCD + BAE = 180
4x = 76 AEC + 35 + 90 = 180
x = 19 AEC = 55
∴ ACD = 19
(b) In △BEC,
BEC + ABC = DCF 26. DFE : EDF : DEF = : :
BEC + 76  19 = 104
BEC = 47 = 11 : 5 : 2
DFE + EDF + DEF = 180
24. (a) Reflex AOC = 2ABC ∴ DEF = 180 
= 2  130
= 20
= 260
AOC + reflex AOC = 360 DFE = 180 
AOC + 260 = 360 = 110
AOC = 100 ADE = DEF + DFE
(b) CKB + AOC = 180 = 20 + 110
CKB + 100 = 180 = 130
CKB = 80 ABC = ADE
In △BCK, = 130
BCK + CKB = ABC
BCK + 80 = 130
BCK = 50

ACD = 45
∴ ABD  ACD
27. Join AR.
4. ABC + ADC = 25 + 55 + 100
= 180
∴ A, B, C and D are concyclic. (opp. s supp.)
BAD = DCE
x = 115
ARB = 90 5. ABC = 20 + 40

APQ + ARQ = 180 = 60
x + y  90 = 180 = ADE
x + y = 270 ∴ A, B, C and D are concyclic. (ext.  = int. opp.
Alternative Method )
Join PB. CAD = CBD
y = 40
6. ADB = ACB = 35

∴ A, B, C and D are concyclic.
BAD + BCD = 180
APB = 90 102 + 35 + z = 180
BPQ + BRQ = 180 z = 43
x  90 + y = 180
x + y = 270 7. SPQ + TPS = 180
SPQ + 130 = 180
Exercise 11B (P.11.19) SPQ = 50
1. BAD + BCD = 110 + 38 + 32 = SRU
= 180 ∴ PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral.
∴ A, B, C and D are concyclic. (opp. s supp.) (ext.  = int. opp. )
2. ABC = 58 + 48 8. ∵ QT = PT

= 106 ∴ TQP = TPQ
= ADE = 52
∴ A, B, C and D are concyclic. (ext.  = int. opp. = TRS
) ∴ PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral.
3. ABD + BAC = 70
ABD + 45 = 70
ABD = 25

162 Solutions
9. In △PQR, 14. In the figure, there are 4 quadrilaterals: ABCD,

PQR + QPR + QRP = 180 BDEF, ABED and ABFD.
PQR + 60 + 40 = 180 Consider quadrilateral ABCD.
PQR = 80 ABCD is a square.
PQR + PSR = 80 + 80 BAD = BCD = 90
= 160 BAD + BCD = 90 + 90
 180 = 180
∴ PQRS is not a cyclic quadrilateral. ∴ ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. (opp. s supp.)
Consider quadrilateral BDEF.
10. ∵ QP // RS ∵ CB = CD
∴ PRS = QPR ∴ CBD = CDB
= 44 ∵ DB // EF
QPS + QRS = 44 + 61 + 31 + 44 ∴ BEF = CBD
= 180 ∴ CDB = BEF
∴ PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral. (opp. s supp.) ∴ BDEF is a cyclic quadrilateral.
11. BAC = BDC = 20 Consider quadrilateral ABED.
∴ ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. ABC = ADC = 90
EBC = EAD ABC + ADC + CDE
= 35 = 90 + 90 + CDE
= 180 + CDE
12. ADE = ABC = 65  180
∴ ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. ∴ ABED is not a cyclic quadrilateral.
BAD + BCD = 180 Consider quadrilateral ABFD.
x + y = 180 ABC = ADF = 90
ADF + ABC + CBF
13. (a) In △ABC and △DEC, = 90 + 90 + CBF
ACB = DCE = 180 + CBF
AC = DC  180
BC = EC ∴ ABFD is not a cyclic quadrilateral.
∴ It is true that △ABC  △DEC (SAS). ∴ ABCD and BDEF are cyclic quadrilaterals.
(b) ∵ △ABC  △DEC
∴ ABC = DEC 15. (a) In △ABC,
∴ A, B, E and D are concyclic. BAC + ABC + ECB = 180
(converse of s in the same segment) 45 + 50 + ECB = 180
ECB = 85

In △BFD,
EFB + BDF + FBD = 180
EFB + 35 + 50 = 180
EFB = 95
(b) ECB + EFB = 85 + 95 (b) ADB + BDC + CDE = 180
= 180 70 + 35 + CDE = 180
∴ F, B, C and E are concyclic. (opp. s supp.) CDE = 75
∵ BCED is a cyclic quadrilateral.
16. (a) ACB = 90 ∴ CBE = CDE
ACB + XCD = 180 = 75
90 + XCD = 180
XCD = 90 19. (a) AED = 90
(b) XEB = 90 AFD = 90
= XCD AED + AFD = 90 + 90
∴ C, D, B and E are concyclic. = 180
(converse of s in the same segment) ∴ A, E, D and F are concyclic. (opp. s supp.)
(b) Join EF.
17. (a) In △BCD,
DCB + DBC + CDB = 180
60 + 77 + CDB = 180
CDB = 43
CDA = CDB + ADB
= 43 + 39
= 82 In △ABD,
= CBP ABD + BAD + ADB = 180
∴ ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. ABD + BAD + 90 = 180
(ext.  = int. opp. ) BAD = 90  ABD
(b) ABD + DBC + CBP = 180 ∵ AEDF is a cyclic quadrilateral.
ABD + 77 + 82 = 180 ∴ DFE = BAD
ABD = 21 = 90  ABD
∵ ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. ABD + CFE = ABD + DFE + CFD
∴ ACD = ABD = ABD + 90  ABD + 90
= 21 = 180
∴ B, C, F and E are concyclic. (opp. s supp.)
18. (a) ∵ AB // DC Alternative Method
∴ BDC = ABD Join EF.
= 35
= BEC
∴ BCED is a cyclic quadrilateral.

164 Solutions
∴ ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.

(ext.  = int. opp. )
22. (a) In △ADO and △BCO,

OA = OB
OD = OC
∵ AEDF is a cyclic quadrilateral. AOD = BOC
∴ AFE = ADE ∴ It is true that △ADO  △BCO (SAS).
BDE + ADE + ADC = 180

BDE + AFE + 90 = 180
BDE = 90  AFE (b) ∵ △ADO  △BCO
In △BDE, ∴ OAD = OBC
DBE + BED + BDE = 180 ∴ A, B, C and D are concyclic.
DBE + 90 + 90  AFE = 180 (converse of s in the same segment)
DBE = AFE
∴ B, C, F and E are concyclic. 23. (a) Join AC.
(ext.  = int. opp. )
20. (a) ACB = 2APB

ADB = 2AQB
ACB + ADB = 2APB + 2AQB
= 2(APB + AQB) DCF = FCG
= 2  90 BCD = 90
= 180 BCD + DCF + FCG = 180
(b) From (a), ACB + ADB = 180. 90 + DCF + DCF = 180
∴ A, C, B and D are concyclic. (opp. s 2DCF = 90
supp.) DCF = 45
ACD = 45
21. (a) In △PAD and △PCB, ACF = ACD + DCF
= 45 + 45
= =
= 90
= = = AEF
∴ A, E, C and F are concyclic.
∴ =
APD = CPB (b) Join AF.
∴ It is true that △PAD ~ △PCB
(ratio of 2 sides, inc. ).
(b) ∵ △PAD ~ △PCB
∴ PAD = PCB

∵ A, E, C and F are concyclic. BAC = 180  ACB  ABC

∴ EAF = FCG ∴ BCD = BAC
= 45 ∴ △CBD ~ △ABC (AAA)
∴ △CBD ~ △ACD
24. (a) AM = MB ∴ △ABC and △CBD are similar to △ACD.
(b) ∵ △ACD ~ △ABC
∴ MB = AB
∴ ACD = ABC
AN = NC
AFD = ABC
∴ NC = AC = ACD
∴ A, D, F and C are concyclic.
∵ AB = AC
26. Join BC and OC. Let ABC = x.
∴ MB = NC
MBC = NCB
BC = CB
∴ It is true that △MBC  △NCB (SAS).
(b) ∵ △MBC  △NCB
∴ BMC = CNB
∴ B, C, N and M are concyclic.
AOC = 2ABC
25. (a) Consider △ABC.
= 2x
ADC = ACB = 90
∵ OA = OC
CAD = BAC
∴ OAC = OCA
In △ACD,
In △AOC,
ADC + CAD + ACD = 180
OAC + OCA + AOC = 180
ACD = 180  ADC  CAD
2OAC + 2x = 180
In △ABC,
2OAC = 180  2x
ACB + BAC + ABC = 180
OAC = 90  x
ABC = 180  ACB  BAC
EAG = OAC
∴ ACD = ABC
= 90  x
∴ △ABC ~ △ACD (AAA)
In △AEG,
Consider △CBD.
AEG + AGE + EAG = 180
CDB = ACB = 90
AEG + 90 + 90  x = 180
CBD = ABC
AEG = x
In △CBD,
∴ AEG = ABC
CDB + CBD + BCD = 180
∴ B, C, F and E are concyclic.
BCD = 180  CDB  CBD
In △ABC,
ACB + ABC + BAC = 180
27. (a) If ABFE is a cyclic quadrilateral,

166 Solutions
then ABF + CEA = 180 ∴ EBC + CDE = 180

ABF = 180  CEA EBC + 32 + 56 = 180
If ABCE is also a cyclic quadrilateral, EBC = 92
then ABC + CEA = 180
ABC = 180  CEA Exercise 11C (P.11.30)
∴ ABC = ABF 1. OAT = 90
but ABC  ABF 3y + 2y = 90
∴ ABFE and ABCE cannot be cyclic 5y = 90
quadrilaterals at the same time. y = 18
(b) (i) In the figure, there are 4 quadrilaterals: 2. OAT = 90

ABDE, BCDE, ABCE and ABFE. TAD + DAO = OAT
Consider quadrilateral ABDE. 70 + DAO = 90
EDB + EAB = 56 + 124 DAO = 20
= 180 ∵ AB // CD
∴ ABDE is a cyclic quadrilateral. ∴ ADC = DAO
(opp. s supp.) a = 20
Consider quadrilateral BCDE.
∵ DC // EB 3. ∵ OA = OB
∴ DBE = FDC = 32 ∴ OAB = OBA = b
∵ CF = DF ∵ OB // AT
∴ FCD = FDC = 32 ∴ BAT = OBA = b
∴ DBE = FCD OAT = 90
∴ BCDE is a cyclic quadrilateral. OAB + BAT = OAT
(converse of s in the same segment) b + b = 90
Consider quadrilateral ABCE. 2b = 90
∵ BCDE is a cyclic quadrilateral. b = 45
∴ BCE = EDB = 56
BCE + EAB = 56 + 124 4. ∵ OA = OB
= 180 ∴ OAB = OBA
∴ ABCE is a cyclic quadrilateral. In △OAB,
(opp. s supp.) OAB + OBA + AOB = 180
Consider quadrilateral ABFE. 2OAB + 80 = 180
∵ ABFE and ABCE cannot be cyclic 2OAB = 100
quadrilaterals at the same time. OAB = 50
∴ ABFE is not a cyclic quadrilateral. OAT = 90
∴ ABDE, BCDE and ABCE are cyclic OAB + BAT = OAT
quadrilaterals. 50 + c = 90
(ii) ∵ BCDE is a cyclic quadrilateral. c = 40

BAT + h = 90
5. AB = AO + OB = 2d cm BAT = 90  h
OAT = 90 ∵ OB = OA
In △ABT, by Pythagoras’ theorem, ∴ OBA = OAB = h
AB2 + AT2 = BT2 ∵ BT = BA
(2d) + 5 = 13
2 2 2
∴ BTA = BAT
4d = 144
2
= 90  h
d = 36
2
In △BAT,
d = 6 or 6 (rejected) BTA + BAT = OBA
90  h + 90  h = h
6. OT = OB + BT 180 = 3h
= (6 + e) cm h = 60
OAT = 90 10. In △OTR,
In △OAT, by Pythagoras’ theorem, OTR + ORT + TOR = 180
OT = OA + AT
2 2 2
OTR + 55 + 35 = 180
(6 + e) = 6 + 8
2 2 2
OTR = 90
(6 + e)2 = 100 ∴ OT  PR
6 + e = 10 or 10 ∴ PR is a tangent to the circle.
e = 4 or 16 (rejected) (converse of tangent  radius)
7. OAT = OAB = 90 11. In △OTR,

In △OTA, by Pythagoras’ theorem, OT2 + PT2 = (32 + 42) cm2 = 25 cm2
OA2 + AT2 = OT2 OP2 = (2 + 3)2 cm2 = 25 cm2
OA = ∴ OP2 = OT2 + PT2
= cm ∴ OTP = 90
= 12 cm i.e. OT  PR
In △OAB, by Pythagoras’ theorem, ∴ PR is a tangent to the circle.
OB = OA + AB
2 2 2
(converse of tangent  radius)
f = 12 + 16
2 2 2
f 2 = 400 12. ∵ OT = OS
f = 20 or 20 (rejected) ∴ OTS = OST
In △OST,
8. OAT = 90 TOS + OST + OTS = 180
CAO + CAT = OAT 108 + 2OTS = 180
CAO + 62 = 90 2OTS = 72
CAO = 28 OTS = 36
COB = 2CAO OTR = OTS + STR
g = 2  28 = 36 + 54
= 56 = 90
∴ OT  PR
9. OAT = 90 ∴ PR is a tangent to the circle.

168 Solutions
(converse of tangent  radius) CQO = 90

i.e. OQ  CD
13. (a) OPQ = 90 ∴ CD is a tangent to the smaller circle.
In △POQ, (converse of tangent  radius)
OPQ + OQP + POQ = 180
90 + 48 + POQ = 180 17. (a) CTB = 90
POQ = 42 In △BCT,
BCT + CBT + CTB = 180
BCT + 56 + 90 = 180
BCT = 34
(b) PSR = POQ

(b) AOT = 2BCT
=  42 = 2  34
= 68
= 21
In △AOT,
AOT + OTA + OAT = 180
14. (a) OAT = 90
68 + 90 + OAT = 180
BAO + OAT + TAP = 180
OAT = 22
BAO + 90 + 40 = 180
BAO = 50
18. (a) OCT = 90
(b) BCD + BAD = 180
OCB + BCT = OCT
BCD + BAO + OAD = 180
OCB + 34 = 90
BCD + 50 + 30 = 180
OCB = 56
BCD = 100
∵ OC // AB
∴ OCB + ABC = 180
15. ∵ OM = ON
56 + ABC = 180
∴ OMN = ONM
ABC = 124
= 2x
(b) Reflex AOC = 2ABC
OMQ = 90
= 2  124
In △MNQ,
= 248
ONM + NMQ + OQM = 180
AOC + reflex AOC = 360
2x + 2x + 90 + x = 180
AOC + 248 = 360
5x = 90
AOC = 112
x = 18
∵ OC // AB
∴ OAB + AOC = 180
16. APO = 90
OAB + 112 = 180
∵ CD // AB
OAB = 68
∴ CQO + APO = 180
CQO + 90 = 180
19. (a) In △OAB, by Pythagoras’ theorem,

AB2 = OB2 + OA2 ∵ OQ = OP

AB = ∴ OQP = OPQ
= = 90  x
= 20 ∵ MN // QR
(b) OCA = 90 ∴ MPQ = PQR
Area of △OAB =  OB  OA =  OC  AB MPQ = OQP + OQR

x = 90  x + 26
∴ OB  OA = OC  AB
2x = 116
12  16 = OC  20
x = 58
OC = 9.6
∴ MPQ = 58
20. (a) OTA = 90

22. Let O be the centre of the circle. Join OP.
OTB + ATB = OTA
OTB + x = 90
OTB = 90  x
∵ OB = OT
∴ OBT = OTB = 90  x
In △ABT,
TAB + ATB = OBT
OPS = 90
TAB + x = 90  x
∵ OP = OQ
TAB = 90  2x
∴ OPQ = PQS
(b) TAB = 3ATB
In △PQS,
90  2x = 3x
PQS + PSQ + QPS = 180
90 = 5x
PQS + 24 + OPQ + 90 = 180
x = 18
2PQS = 66
∴ ATB = 18
PQS = 33
21. (a) ∵ OQ = OR
23. Join OP.
∴ OQR = ORQ
In △OQR,
QOR + OQR + ORQ = 180
128 + 2OQR = 180
2OQR = 52
OQR = 26
(b) Let MPQ = x.
Let r be the radius of the smaller circle.
OPM = 90
∵ OS  PQ
MPQ + OPQ = OPM
∴ PS = QS
x + OPQ = 90
i.e. PS = PQ
OPQ = 90  x

170 Solutions
=  90
25. ∵ PT = QT and S is the mid-point of PQ.
= 45
∴ TS  PQ
OP = OR
∴ PQ touches the circle at S.
= r + 25
In △OPS, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
OS2 + PS2 = OP2
r2 + 452 = (r + 25)2
r2 + 2 025 = r2 + 50r + 625
50r = 1 400
r = 28
26. Let r be the radius of the circle. Suppose AB and BC

touch the circle at P and Q respectively.
OP = 28 + 25
Join OP and OQ.
= 53
∴ The radii of the smaller and larger circles are 28
and 53 respectively.
24. (a) ACB = 90

In △ABC, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
AC2 + BC2 = BA2
AC =
OPB = OQB = ABC = 90
=
∴ OPBQ is a rectangle and PB = QO = r.
=
In △APO and △ABC,
=
∵ PO // BC
ACT + ACB = 180
ACT + 90 = 180 ∴ AOP = ACB
ACT = 90 OAP = CAB
In △ACT, by Pythagoras’ theorem, APO = ABC
TA2 = AC2 + CT2 ∴ △APO ~ △ABC (AAA)
TA = ∴ =
=
= =
=
(b) TA2 + BA2 = + 302 = 1 296 =
BT2 = (25 + 11)2 = 1 296 588  28r = 21r

∴ BT = TA + BA
2 2 2
588 = 49r
∴ BAT = 90 r = 12
i.e. BA  AT ∴ The radius of the circle is 12.
∴ TA is the tangent to the circle at A.

Exercise 11D (P.11.43) 5. OAT = 90

1. BTO = ATO = a In △AOT,
OBT = 90 AOT + OAT + ATO = 180
In △BOT, AOT + 90 + 28 = 180
BTO + TOB + OBT = 180 AOT = 62
a + 65 + 90 = 180 BOT = AOT
a = 25 AOB = 2AOT
ACB = AOB
f = AOT
= 62
6. AOT = 2ACT
2. TBA + 126 = 180
= 2  32
TBA = 54
= 64
∵ TA = TB
OAT = 90
∴ TAB = TBA = 54
In △AOT,
In △TAB,
AOT + OAT + ATO = 180
TAB + TBA + ATB = 180
64 + 90 + ATO = 180
54 + 54 + b = 180
ATO = 26
b = 72
BTO = ATO = 26
ATB = ATO + BTO
3. ∵ AT = BT
g = 26 + 26
∴ BAT = ABT
= 52
In △ABT,
ABT + BAT + ATB = 180
7. Radius of circle B
2ABT + 80 = 180
= AB  AM
2ABT = 100
= (10  6) cm
ABT = 50
= 4 cm
∵ TB // AC
∴ BAC = ABT
8. Radius of circle B
c = 50
= AM  AB
= (12  7) cm
4. AT = BT
= 5 cm
d=3
TBA = TAB = 71
9. AZ = AX = 4 cm
OBT = 90
BY = XB = 10 cm
OBA + TBA = OBT
CY = CZ = 12 cm
e + 71 = 90
Perimeter of △ABC
e = 19
= AB + BC + CA

172 Solutions
= (4 + 10 + 10 + 12 + 12 + 4) cm OCD + CDO + COD = 180

= 52 cm 90 + 20 + COD = 180
COD = 70
10. ∵ AP = AQ COB = AOB
∴ APQ = AQP COD + COB + AOB = 180
In △APQ, 70 + 2COB = 180
AQP + APQ + PAQ = 180 2COB = 110
2AQP + 84 = 180 COB = 55
2AQP = 96 (b) In △OBC,
AQP = 48 OBC + COB = OCD
∵ BQ = BR  + 55 = 90
∴ BQR = BRQ = 59  = 35
PQR + BQR + AQP = 180 14. YXW + WZY = 180

PQR + 59 + 48 = 180 YXW + 108 = 180
PQR = 73 YXW = 72
PXY + YXW + QXW = 180
11. ∵ OC = OA PXY + 72 + 49 = 180
∴ OCA = OAC = 35 PXY = 59
OAB = OAC = 35 ∵ PY = PX
OCB = OCA = 35 ∴ PYX = PXY = 59
In △ABC, In △PXY,
ABC + BCA + CAB = 180 XPY + PXY + PYX = 180
ABC + 35 + 35 + 35 + 35 = 180 XPY + 59 + 59 = 180
ABC = 40 XPY = 62
12. OYQ = OYX = 35 15. ED = AD = 2

OZX = OZY = 19 EC = BC = 8
OXZ = OXY DC = ED + EC
In △XYZ, =2+8
XYZ + YZX + ZXY = 180 = 10
35 + 35 + 19 + 19 + 2OXZ = 180 Perimeter of the quadrilateral ABCD = 28
2OXZ = 72 DC + BC + AB + AD = 28
OXZ = 36 10 + 8 + AB + 2 = 28
In △OXZ, AB = 8
XOZ + OXZ + OZX = 180 Radius of the circle
XOZ + 36 + 19 = 180
= AB
XOZ = 125
= 8
13. (a) OCD = 90
=4
In △OCD,

∵ CY = CX
16. Construct PT  RS. ∴ CYX = CXY = 72
In △CXY,
YCX + CYX + CXY = 180
ACB + 72 + 72 = 180
ACB = 36
∵ QS is a common tangent.
∴ PQ  QS and RS  QS.
∴ PQST is a rectangle.
PQ = (10  8) cm
= 2 cm
TS = PQ = 2 cm
RT = RS  TS (b) In △ABC,
= (8  2) cm BAC + ABC + ACB = 180
= 6 cm BAC + 52 + 36 = 180
In △PRT, by Pythagoras’ theorem, BAC = 92
PT + RT = PR
2 2 2
∵ AY = AZ
PT = ∴ AYZ = AZY
= cm In △AYZ,
= 8 cm AYZ + AZY + YAZ = 180
∴ QS = PT = 8 cm 2AYZ + 92 = 180
2AYZ = 88
17. (a) AB = AP + BP AYZ = 44
= (5 + 4) cm AYZ + XYZ + CYX = 180
= 9 cm 44 + XYZ + 72 = 180
(b) AC = AP  CP XYZ = 64
= (5  2) cm
= 3 cm 19. Join OX and OY.
18. (a) ∵ BX = BZ
∴ BXZ = BZX
In △BXZ,
BXZ + BZX + XBZ = 180
2BXZ + 52 = 180
2BXZ = 128
BXZ = 64
BXZ + ZXY + CXY = 180 XOY = 2XZY
64 + 44 + CXY = 180 = 2  52
CXY = 72 = 104

174 Solutions
OXA = 90 and OYA = 90. = AS + BQ + CQ + DS

In quadrilateral OYAX, = (AP + BP) + (CR + DR)
XOY + OYA + XAY + OXA = 360 = AB + DC
104 + 90 + XAY + 90 = 360 ∴ AD + BC is equal to AB + DC.
XAY = 76 (b) Perimeter of the quadrilateral
OAX = OAY = AB + BC + DC + AD
OAX + OAY = XAY = (AB + DC) + (AD + BC)
2OAX = 76 = 2(AB + DC)
OAX = 38 = 2(26 + 12) cm
= 76 cm
20. AX = AZ 23. Let O be the centre of the circle.

= 10 cm Join OV and OZ. Construct YW  PV.
BX = AB  AX
= (19  10) cm
= 9 cm
BY = BX
= 9 cm
21. Let AQ = x cm.

BQ = AQ OVP = OZY = 90
= x cm ∵ PV // YZ
BR = QR  BQ ∵ Both OV and OZ are perpendicular to PV and
= (14  x) cm YZ.
CR = BR ∴ VOZ is a straight line.
= (14  x) cm ∴ VZYW is a rectangle.
AP = PQ  AQ Let r be the radius of the circle.
= (12  x) cm In △YWP,
CP = AP PW = PV  WV
= (12  x) cm = 16  8
∵ CR + CP = PR =8
∴ (14  x) + (12  x) = 10 XY = YZ = 8
2x = 16 PX = PV = 16
x=8 PY = XY + PX
∴ The length of AQ is 8 cm. = 8 + 16
= 24
22. (a) AP = AS, BP = BQ, CQ = CR, DR = DS. By Pythagoras’ theorem,
AD + BC = (AS + DS) + (BQ + CQ) WY2 + PW2 = PY2

WY = BCA = 52
= ∵ OCA = OCB
=
∴ OCA = BCA
∵ WY = VZ = 2r
∴ 2r =
=  52
r=
= 26
= 11.3, cor. to 1 d.p. In △ACO,
∴ The radius of the circle is 11.3. AOC + OAC + OCA = 180
AOC + 28 + 26 = 180
AOC = 126
24. (a) ∵ BA // DF
∴ BAC = ACF = 70
∵ OAE = OAB (b) BP = BQ, RC = QC and AP = AR.
Perimeter of △ABC = 18 cm
∴ OAE = BAC
AB + BC + AC = 18 cm
=  70 AP + BP + BC + AR + RC = 18 cm
AR + BQ + BC + AR + QC = 18 cm
= 35
2AR + 2BC = 18 cm
(b) DCE + ECF = 180
AR + BC = 9 cm
DCE + 70 = 180
AR = (9  6) cm
DCE = 110
= 3 cm
∵ OCE = OCD
∴ OCE = DCE
26. (a) Join OR.
=  110
= 55
In △OCA,
AOC + OAE + OCE = 180
AOC + 35 + 55 = 180
AOC = 90
∵ OQ = OR, QA  RA, OQ  QA and

25. (a) OAC = OAB = 28
OR  AR.
OBA = OBC = 36
∴ ORAQ is a square.
In △ABC,
OQ = AQ = 3 cm
ABC + BAC + BCA = 180
In △AQO, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
36 + 36 + 28 + 28 + BCA = 180
OA2 = OQ2 + AQ2

176 Solutions
OA = OQ = OP  PQ
= cm = (10  r) cm
= cm CQ = r cm
= 4.24 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig. In △OCQ, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
OQ2 = CQ2 + OC2
(b) Join OP. (10  r)2 = r2 + 22
100  20r + r2 = r2 + 4
20r = 96
r = 4.8
∴ The radius of the circle is 4.8 cm.
By the property of two touching circles,

AP = OA + OP 28. (a) Construct BC  AP.
=( + 3) cm
= 7.24 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The radius of quadrant ABC is 7.24 cm.
27. (a) AB = AC + CB
= (12 + 8) cm
= 20 cm CPQ = BQP = 90
OB = AB ∴ BCPQ is a rectangle.
∴ CB = PQ = 12 cm and CP = BQ.
=  20 cm Let r cm be the radius of the circle with centre B.
= 10 cm AB = (9 + r) cm
OC = OB  BC AC = AP  CP = (9  r) cm
= (10  8) cm In △ABC, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
= 2 cm AB2 = AC2 + CB2
(b) Join OQ and PQ. (9 + r)2 = (9  r)2 + 122
81 + 18r + r2 = 81  18r + r2 + 144
36r = 144
r=4
∴ The radius of the circle with centre B is 4
cm.
Let r cm be the radius of the circle. (b) Area of the quadrilateral ABQP
By the property of two touching circles, = area of △ABC + area of the rectangle BCPQ

2. (a) BAP = BCA = 33

=  CB  AC + PQ  BQ
BAC = 90
= cm2 In △PAC,
CPA + PCA + CAP = 180
= 78 cm2
x + 33 + 90 + 33 = 180
x = 24
29.
(b) BAQ = ACB = 19
BAC = 90
∵ PQ // RS
∴ CAQ + SCA = 180
90 + 19 + 19 + x = 180
x = 52
Produce AB and DC such that the two lines intersect
at M.
3. (a) ABC = MAC = 31
BM = CM
BAC = KBC = 83
AM = DM
In △ABC,
∴ AM  BM = DM  CM
ACB + BAC + ABC = 180
AB = DC
y + 83 + 31 = 180
ET = HT
y = 66
FT = GT
∴ ET + GT = HT + FT
(b) ∵ KA = KB
EG = FH
∴ KAB = KBA
∴ AB and DC, ET and HT, FT and GT, EG and FH
In △ABK,
are pairs of line segments of equal lengths.
KAB + KBA + AKB = 180
2KAB + 50 = 180
Exercise 11E (P.11.54)
2KAB = 130
1. (a) BCA = BAP
KAB = 65
m = 30
ACB = KAB = 65
(b) CAQ = ABC
In △ABC,
h = 80
ABC + ACB + BAC = 180
PAB + BAC + CAQ = 180
y + 65 + 72 = 180
k + 40 + 80 = 180
y = 43
k = 60
(c) BAC = 90
4. QPR = QRT
In △ABC,
PQR = PRS
ABC + BAC + ACB = 180
∵ PRS = QRT
26 + 90 + ACB = 180
∴ QPR = PQR
ACB = 64
∴ PR = QR
PAB = ACB
∴ △PQR is an isosceles triangle.
x = 64
5. OPR = PQR = 

178 Solutions
ORP = PQR =  9. BAC = 90

In △OPR, PAC + BAC + BAQ = 180
POR + OPR + ORP = 180 PAC + 90 + 54 = 180
90 +  +  = 180 PAC = 36
2 = 90 ∴ PAC = ABC
 = 45 ∴ PQ is the tangent to the circle at A.
(converse of  in alt. segment)
6. BED = DBC = 4x
In △BDE, 10. BCA = 90
BED + DBE = FDE In △ABC,
4x + 3x = 98 CAB + BCA + CBA = 180
7x = 98 CAB + 90 + 45 = 180
x = 14 CAB = 45
∵ CT // AB
∴ TCB = CBA = 45
∴ CAB = TCB
∴ CT is the tangent to the circle at C.
7. MSR = MNR = 32 11. Let CBE = x, then DBE = 4x.

In △RSN, BDE = CBE = x
SNR + SRN + RSN = 180 ∵ AC // DE
SNR + 46 + 32 + 50 = 180 ∴ ABD = BDE = x
SNR = 52 ABD + DBE + CBE = 180
RST = SNR x + 4x + x = 180
= 52 6x = 180
x = 30
8. PRQ = 90 ∴ DBE = 4x
YRP + PRQ + QRX = 180 = 4  30
YRP + 90 + 43 = 180 = 120
YRP = 47
In △YRQ, 12. XRQ = QPR = 67
YQR + RYQ = QRX ∵ XQ = XR
YQR + 27 = 43 ∴ XQR = XRQ = 67
YQR = 16 In △XQR,
PQR = YRP = 47 ZXY + XQR + XRQ = 180
PQY + YQR = PQR ZXY + 67 + 67 = 180
PQY + 16 = 47 ZXY = 46
PQY = 31
13. (a) RPS = PQS

PSR = QSP PRT + PTR + TPR = 180

In △PSR, 2PRT + x = 180
PRS + RPS + PSR = 180
PRT = (180  x)
PRS = 180  RPS  PSR
∴ PQR = PRT
In △QSP,
∴ ST is the tangent to the circle at R.
QPS + PQS + QSP = 180
QPS = 180  PQS  QSP
∴ PRS = QPS
∴ It is true that △PSR ~ △QSP (AAA). 16. (a) PQT = POT
(b) Let QR = x cm.
=  68
∵ △PSR ~ △QSP
= 34
∴ =
PTA = PQT
= = 34
x + 5 = 20
x = 15
∴ QR = 15 cm
14. (a) CBA = CDB = 55

In △ABC,
(b) ∵ OP = OT
CBA + ACB + BAC = 180
∴ OPT = OTP
55 + ACB + 70 = 180
In △OPT,
ACB = 55
OPT + OTP + POT = 180
(b) ∵ ACB = CDB
2OPT + 68 = 180
∴ AC is the tangent to the circle at C.
2OPT = 112
OPT = 56
QPT = QTB
15. Let QPR = TPR = x.
OPQ + 56 = 74
∵ PQ = PR
OPQ = 18
∴ PQR = PRQ
In △PQR,
17. Join XZ.
PQR + PRQ + QPR = 180
2PQR + x = 180
PQR = (180  x)
∵ PR = PT
∴ PRT = PTR
In △PRT,

180 Solutions
AXZ = XYZ = 30

=  74
AZX = XYZ = 30
= 37
In △AXZ,
EPA = ERP
PAQ + AXZ + AZX = 180
= 37
PAQ + 30 + 30 = 180
(b) ∵ AB // CD
PAQ = 120
∴ RPB = PRQ = 74
RPB + EPR + EPA = 180
18. (a) Join AC. Let TAB = x.
74 + EPR + 37 = 180
EPR = 69
EQR + EPR = 180
EQR + 69 = 180
EQR = 111
ACT = TAB = x
BAC = BCD = 72
In △CAT,
CAT + ATC + ACT = 180
72 + x + 38 + x = 180
2x = 70
x = 35
∴ TAB = 35
(b) In △TAB,
ABC = ATB + TAB
Alternative Method
= 38 + 35
(a) Join PQ.
= 73
19. (a) Join ER.
QEP + PRQ = 180

QEP + 74 = 180
QEP = 106
∵ =
∵ =
∴ ERP = ERQ
∴ EQP = EPQ
= PRQ
In △EPQ,
EQP + EPQ + QEP = 180

2EQP + 106 = 180 ∴ Area of △BDA : area of △BAC = 4 : 3

2EQP = 74
EQP = 37 21. (a) (i) QAB = BAC + CAQ
EPA = EQP PAC = PAB + BAC
= 37 ∵ QAB = PAC
(b) ∵ AB // CD ∴ CAQ = PAB
∴ RPB = PRQ = 74 QAD = CAD
PQR = RPB = 74 CAQ = 2QAD
EQR = EQP + PQR ∴ PAB = 2QAD
= 37 + 74 BAD = 90
= 111 PAB + BAD + QAD = 180
2QAD + 90 + QAD = 180
20. (a) In △BDA and △ADC, 3QAD = 90
ABD = CAD QAD = 30
BDA = ADC (ii) BAX + CAD = BAD
BAD + ABD + BDA = 180 BAX + 30 = 90
BAD = 180  ABD  BDA BAX = 60
ACD + CAD + ADC = 180 (b) In △ABX,
ACD = 180  CAD  ADC ABD + BAX + AXB = 180
∴ BAD = ACD ABD + 60 + 90 = 180
∴ △ADC is similar to △BDA. (AAA) ABD = 30
∴ ABD = QAD
∴ PQ is the tangent to the circle at A.
(b) ∵ △BDA ~ △ADC 22. (a) In △ACF,

EAC + FCA = CFE
∴ =
x + FCA = y
AD2 = CD  BD
FCA = y  x
AD =
BAE = EAC = x
= cm
∵ CE = CF
= 4 cm
∴ CEF = CFE = y
Area of △BDA
(c) Area of △ADC = In △ABE,
EBA + BAE = CEF
=
EBA + x = y
=4 EBA = y  x
Area of △BDA = 4  area of △ADC (b) ∵ FCA = EBA
Area of △BAC ∴ AC is the tangent to the circle at C.
= area of △BDA  area of △ADC (converse of  in alt. segment)
= 3  area of △ADC

182 Solutions
23. AQB = 90 ACE + ADE = 90 + 90

∵ AB = AP
= 180
∴ BAQ = PAQ
∴ A, D, E and C are concyclic. opp. s supp.
In △ANQ,
AQN + ANQ + NAQ = 180
5. ∵ OP is a radius and AN = BN. given
AQN + 90 + PAQ = 180
AQN = 90  PAQ ∴ ONB = 90 line joining
In △AQB, centre to mid-
ABQ + AQB + BAQ = 180 pt. of chord 
ABQ + 90 + PAQ = 180 ∵ AB // DC chord
ABQ = 90  PAQ property of
∴ AQN = ABQ ∴ OPC = ONB rectangle
∴ QN is the tangent to the circle at Q. = 90 corr. s,
(converse of  in alt. segment) ∴ CPD touches the circle at P. AB // DC
converse of
Exercise 11F (P.11.64)
tangent 
1. ABC = 90 property of
radius
square
∴ AC is a diameter of the
converse of  in
circle. 6. OAB = 90 tangent 
semi-circle
OBA = OAB radius
2. ∵ PR = QR given = 90 alt. s, OA //

BO
∴ QPR = PQR base s, isos. △ ∴ BO  AB
∵ PQR = QRT given ∴ AB is the tangent to the
∴ QPR = QRT smaller circle at B.
∴ ST is the tangent to the circle
at R.
converse of  in converse of
alt. segment tangent 
3. ∵ PR = QR given radius
∴ RPQ = RQP base s, isos. △
RST = RQP alt. s, PQ // ST
∴ RPQ = RST
∴ PQTS is a cyclic quadrilateral. converse of s
in the same
segment
4. ACB = 90  in semi-circle
ADE = 90 given

∴ C, D, P and Q are concyclic.
ext.  = int.
7. Let DAE = x.
opp. 
In △ABC,
given
AB = AC 9. ∵ PQ = RS and QPR = given
ABC = ACB base s, isos. △ SPR. axis of
 sum of △ ∴ PR  QS
ABC + ACB + CAB = 180 symmetry of
2ABC + x = 180 isos. △ 
base
ABC = (180  x) ∴ PRQ = 90
∴ PQ is a diameter of the
In △ADE, converse of  in
circle.
AD = AB + BD semi-circle
= AC + CE
= AE
∴ AED = ADE
AED + ADE + DAE= 180 base s, isos. △

10. (a) In △APN and △BPN,
 sum of △
2AED + x = 180 given
AN = NB
AED = (180  x) ∴ ON  AB line joining
centre to mid-
∴ ABC = CED
pt. of chord 
∴ BCED is a cyclic quadrilateral. chord
∴ PNA = PNB
ext.  = int. = 90
opp.  PN = PN
∴ △APN  △BPN common side

8. PDC = ABC opp. s of //gram ∴ PA = PB SAS
BAD + ABC = 180 int. s, AD // corr. sides, 
PQC = BAD BC △s
ext. , cyclic (b) ∵ △APN  △BPN proved in (a)
∴ PQC + PDC = 180
quad.
∴ PAN = PBN corr. s,  △s
∴ C, D, P and Q are concyclic.
opp. s supp.
Alternative Method 11. ∵ = given
PDC = ABC opp. s of //gram equal arcs,

∴ ABC = BAC
DPQ = ABC ext. , cyclic equal angles
quad. alt. s, AB //
BCQ = ABC
BQP = DPQ alt. s, AD // PQ
BC ∴ BAC = BCQ
∴ BQP = PDC

184 Solutions
∴ PQ touches the circle at C. converse of  in OP = OP common side
alt. segment ACO = COP alt. s, AC //

BOP = CAO OP
12. CEB = 90 given ∵ OA = OC corr. s, AC //
CDB = 90 given OP
∴ CAO = ACO
∴ CEB = CDB radii
∴ COP = BOP
∴ B, C, E and D are concyclic. converse of s base s, isos.
∴ △OCP  △OBP
in the same △
segment
SAS
13. (a) In △AXB and △DXC,
s in the same (b) OBP = 90 tangent 
XAB = XDC
segment ∵ △OCP  △OBP radius
XBA = XCD s in the same ∴ OCP = OBP proved in (a)

segment corr. s,  △s
= 90
AXB = DXC vert. opp. s
∴ CP is the tangent to the
∴ △AXB ~ △DXC AAA
circle at C.
(b) BAX = ACD alt. s, AB //
converse of
ACD = XBA DC
tangent 
s in the same
radius
∴ BAX = XBA segment
In △ABX, 16. (a) ADB = BCA

AXD = BAX + XBA =x
∴ AXD = 2BAX ext.  of △ In △CDF,

FDC + FCD = CFE
FDC + x = 90
FDC = 90  x
14. (a) ADC = CBP ext. , cyclic quad. (b) ADC = ADB + FDC
AOC = 2ADC  at centre twice  at = x + 90  x

circumference = 90
∴ AOC = 2CBP ∴ AC is a diameter of the
(b) OAB + AOC = 180
circle. converse of  in
OAB + 2CBP = 180
semi-circle
OAB + 2  67 = 180
OAB = 46
15. (a) In △OCP and △OBP,

OC = OB radii

BC = CD tangent
properties
∴ AC = BC
17. Let ABC = x.
(a) ∵ AC = AB given ∴ C is the mid-point of the
∴ ACB = ABC base s, isos. line segment AB.
=x △
In △ABC,
BAC + ACB +
ABC = 180
BAC + x + x = 180  sum of △

BAC = 180  2x
∵ AD = BD
∴ DAB = ABC (b) Let CDA = x and

given
=x CDB = y.
base s, isos. tangent
In △ABD, ∵ AC = CD
△ properties
ADB + DAB + ∴ CAD = CDA = x base s, isos.
ABC = 180 ∵ BC = CD △
ADB + x + x = 180 tangent
∴ CBD = CDB = y
ADB = 180  2x properties
 sum of △ In △ABD,
∴ BAC = ADB base s, isos.
BAD + ADB + △
∴ AB is the tangent to the
ABD = 180
circle at A.
x + x + y + y = 180
2(x + y) = 180
 sum of △
x + y = 90
converse of  in
∴ ADB = 90
alt. segment
∴ △ADB is a right-angled
(b) In △ABC,
BAC + ABC + ACB = 180 triangle.
x  21 + x + x = 180
3x = 201 19. (a) CBA = PCD = x
x = 67 DBA = CDP = y
∴ BAC = x  21 CBD = CBA + DBA
= 67  21 =x+y
= 46 (b) In △CPD,
PCD + CDP +
18. (a) AC = CD tangent  sum of △
CPD = 180
properties

186 Solutions
x + y + CPD = 180 =b+a
CPD = 180  x  y ∴ DQA = ABR
CPD + CBD ∴ ABRQ is a cyclic
= 180  x  y + x + y quadrilateral.
ext.  = int.
= 180 opp. 
∴ B, C, P and D are (b) Join BC.
concyclic. opp. s supp.
(c) ∵ B, C, P and D are

concyclic. proved in (b)
∴ PBD = PCD s in the same

segment
=x
PBD = PDC  in alt.

∵ =
segment
=y
∴ DBP = PBC
∴ x=y
DBP + PBC = DBC
2DBP = 70
DBP = 35
In △BDR,
BDC + DBP = PRQ
BDC + 35 = 80
BDC = 45
20. (a) (i) ∵ =
∴ PAC = PBD = a
In △ACQ,
DQA = PAC + DCA
=a+b
21. (a) Join PQ.
(ii) Join AB.
PAB + PQB = 180 opp. s, cyclic

quad.
ABD = DCA s in the same
PQB = PDC ext. , cyclic
=b segment
quad
ABR ∴ PAB + PDC = 180
= ABD + DBR ∴ AB // DC int. s supp.

∴ ABCD is a trapezium.
(b) Join AC, PX and QY.
Let BAC = x. In △ABI,

alt. s, AB // AID = IAB + ABD ext.  of △
ACD = BAC
DC given
=x IAB = IAC
CAD = CBD s in the same

APX = ACD
ext. , cyclic segment
=x
quad. = ABD given
CQY = BAC
∴ IAD
ext. , cyclic
=x
quad. = IAC + CAD
∴ APX = CQY
= IAB + ABD
= AID
22. (a) CAD = CBD s in the same
∴ AD = ID
segment
sides opp. eq.
ACD = ABD s in the same ∴ △ADI is an isosceles
s
segment triangle.
∵ CBD = ABD given (c) ∵ CAD = ACD proved in (a)
∴ CAD = ACD ∴ AD = CD sides opp. eq.
AD = ID s
∴ AD = ID = CD proved in (b)
23. (a) ∵ H is the orthocentre of

△ABC. given
∴ BEC = BDA = 90 by definition
∵ G is the circumcentre of
△ABC. given
∴ G is the centre of the
circle ABC.
(b) Join AI.
i.e. BF is a diameter of the
circle.
BAF = BCF = 90

 in semi-circle
i.e. BAF = BEC and
BCF = BDA.

188 Solutions
∴ AF // EC and AD // FC,
i.e. AF // HC and AH // FC. corr. s equal

∴ AFCH is a
parallelogram.
by definition
∵ AB = BC given
∴ BAC = BCA base s, isos.

In △ABC, △
(b) Join GC.
BAC + BCA +
ABC = 180
2BAC + 90 = 180  sum of △
2BAC = 90
BAC = 45
BFC = BAC s in the same
= 60 segment
∵ GF = GC radii
∴ GCF = GFC base s, isos.

= 60 △
In △CGF, BFI = BAC s in the same
= 45 segment
CGF + GFC +
GCF = 180 BFI + IFE = BFE
CGF + 60 + 60 = 180 45 + IFE = 90

 sum of △
CGF = 60 IFE = 45
∴ GCF = CGF ∴ BFI = IFE
∴ FC = GF ∴ IF bisects BFE.
(b) Join BI and CF.
GF = AG sides opp. eq.

AH = FC s
radii
∴ AH = AG
opp. sides,
//gram
∵ BF = BC given
24. (a) Join IF. ∴ BFC = BCF base s, isos.

BFI = BCA = 45 △
IFC = BFC  BFI

= BCF  BCA 33 + QSR = 90

QSR = 57
= ICF
∴ QSR = QPR
∴ IF = IC
∴ P, Q, R and S are concyclic.
sides opp. eq.
BI = BI s
(b) PQR + PSR = 180
common side
∴ △BFI  △BCI PQR + 90 = 180
SSS
PQR = 90
(c) ∵ △BFI  △BCI proved in (b) QRP = QSP
∴ FBI = CBI corr. s,  △s = 33
∴ BI bisects FBE.
3. OQP = 90
IF bisects BFE. proved in (a) In △OQP, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
∴ I is the in-centre of
OP2 = OQ2 + PQ2
△BEF. OP =
=
= 10
OS = OQ = 6
SP = OP  OS
= 10  6
=4
4. (a) ∵ OB = OA
∴ OBA = OAB = x
BAC = OAB = x
In △ABC,
BAC + ABC + ACB = 180
x + ABC + 90 = 180
ABC = 90  x
Supplementary Exercise 11 (P.11.71) (b) OBC = OBA + ABC
= x + 90  x
1. ∵ =
= 90
∴ QRP = QPR = 28 i.e. OB  BC
In △PQR, ∴ BC is the tangent to the circle at B.
PQR + QRP + QPR = 180 (converse of tangent  radius)
PQR + 28 + 28 = 180
PQR = 124 5. ABC = 90
RST = PQR ABD + DBC = ABC
= 124 ABD + 28 = 90
ABD = 62
2. (a) PSQ + QSR = PSR ∵ BD = BE

190 Solutions
∴ BDE = BED = 119

In △BDE, In △ABE,
BDE + BED + ABD = 180 BAD + AEB = CBK
2BDE + 62 = 180 BAD + 26 = 87
2BDE = 118 BAD = 61
BDE = 59 (b) BKD + BAD = 119 + 61
ADB = 90 = 180
BDE + ADE = ADB ∴ ABKD is a cyclic quadrilateral.
59 + ADE = 90 (opp. s supp.)
ADE = 31
9. (a) CZ = CY
6. (a) APO = AQO = 90 = 5 cm
In quadrilateral OPAQ, BZ = BC  CZ
PAQ + APO + POQ + AQO = 360 = (14  5) cm
PAQ + 90 + 104 + 90 = 360 = 9 cm
PAQ = 76 BX = BZ
(b) ∵ AP = AQ = 9 cm
∴ APQ = AQP (b) AX = AY
In △APQ, = AC + CY
APQ + AQP + PAQ = 180 = (19 + 5) cm
2APQ + 76 = 180 = 24 cm
2APQ = 104 AB = AX  BX
APQ = 52 = (24  9) cm
= 15 cm
7. BOD + BCD = 180

BOD + 42 = 180 10. ∵ XA = YA
BOD = 138 ∴ AXY = AYX
In △AXY,
BAD = BOD
AYX + AXY + XAY = 180
=  138 2AYX + 68 = 180
2AYX = 112
= 69
AYX = 56
AYX + XYZ + BYZ = 180
8. (a) In △BCK,
56 + 80 + BYZ = 180
BKD = BCK + CBK
BYZ = 44
= 32 + 87
∵ ZB = YB

∴ BZY = BYZ = 44 APB = 60

In △BYZ,
YBZ + BZY + BYZ = 180 13. (a) ∵ PT  EF and TQ  EF.
YBZ + 44 + 44 = 180 ∴ PTE = 90 and QTE = 90.
YBZ = 92 PTE + QTE = 90 + 90
= 180
11. OYX = OYZ = 22 ∴ PTQ is a straight line.
In △OXY,
(b) Radius of circle P = cm
OXY + OYX + XOY = 180
= 6 cm
OXY + 22 + 115 = 180
Radius of circle Q = (6 + 4) cm
OXY = 43
= 10 cm
OXZ = OXY = 43
PQ = (10 + 6) cm
In △XYZ,
= 16 cm
XZY + XYZ + YXZ = 180
XZY + 22 + 22 + 43 + 43 = 180
14. (a) ∵ BC = BA
XZY = 50
∴ BCA = BAC
OZX = OZY
In △ABC,
= XZY
BCA+ BAC + ABC = 180
2BAC + 20 = 180
=  50
2BAC = 160
= 25
BAC = 80
PAC + BAC + BAT = 180
PAC + 80 + 80 = 180
PAC = 20
(b) ∵ PAC = ABC = 20
∴ PT is the tangent to the circle at A.
12. Reflex AOB : AOB = :
15. Let BAT = x.

=2:1
∵ DB // PT
∵ Reflex AOB + AOB = 360
∴ DBA = BAT = x
∴ AOB = 360  BDA = BAT = x
= 120 DAB + DCB = 180
OAP = OBP = 90 DAB + 118 = 180

In quadrilateral OAPB, DAB = 62
APB + OBP + AOB + OAP = 360 In △ABD,
APB + 90 + 120 + 90 = 360 BDA + DBA + DAB = 180

192 Solutions
x + x + 62 = 180 Consider quadrilateral BCFE.

2x = 118 In △DEF,
x = 59 EFD + FED = BDE
∴ BAT = 59 30 + FEC = 110
FEC = 70
16. (a) EPQ = 90 ∵ FEC  FBC
EQP = EPB ∴ BCFE is not a cyclic quadrilateral.
∵ AB // CD Consider quadrilateral ABCE.
∴ DQP + QPB = 180 In △BCE,
50 + EQP + EPB + 90 = 180 DBC + BCE = BDE
2EQP + 140 = 180 45 + BCE = 100
2EQP = 40 BCE = 55
EQP = 20 EAB + BCE = 125 + 55
(b) ∵ AB // CD = 180
∴ QPA = DQP ∴ ABCE is a cyclic quadrilateral.
= DQE + EQP (opp. s supp.)
= 50 + 20 Consider quadrilateral ABCF.
= 70 ∵ BCF > BCE
∴ FAB + BCF > FAB + BCE
= 125 + 55
17. (a) Reflex AOC : AOC = : = 180
∴ FAB and BCF are not supplementary.
=5:4 ∴ ABCF is not a cyclic quadrilateral.
∵ AOC + reflex AOC = 360 ∴ Only ABCE is the cyclic quadrilateral.
∴ AOC = 360 
19. Join OP and OQ.
= 160
(b) ABC = AOC
=  160
= 80
CAP = ABC
= 80 OPT = 90 tangent 
OQT = 90 radius

18. In the figure, there are 4 quadrilaterals:
OPT + OQT = 90 + 90 tangent 
ABDE, BCFE, ABCE and ABCF.
radius
= 180
Consider quadrilateral ABDE.
EAB + EDB = 125 + 100 ∴ O, P, T and Q are concyclic.
= 225
 180 opp. s supp.
∴ ABDE is not a cyclic quadrilateral.

20. (a) In △ABE,
BAE + ABE +
AEB = 180  sum of △
40 + 10 + 40 +
AEB = 180
AEB = 90
∴ AB is a diameter of the In △ACT,
circle. TAC + ATC = ACS

converse of  in
semi-circle TAC + 23 = 40
TAC = 17
(b) BED = BAD = 10
In △BCE, OCS = 90
ACS + OCA = 90
BCD + BED = ABE
40 + OCA = 90
BCD + 10 = 40
OCA = 50
 BCD = 30
∵ OA = OC
∴ OAC = OCA = 50
21. Draw BE  AC as shown in the figure.
OAB + TAC = OAC
OAB + 17 = 50
OAB = 33
(b) ABC = ACS = 40
In △ABC,
ABC + ACB + TAC = 180
40 + ACB + 17 = 180
BCD = 90 and EDC = 90.
∴ BCDE is a rectangle. ACB = 123
∴ BE = CD and BC = ED = 25 cm.
23. (a) BDC = BAC
AB = AC  BC
= 45
= (64  25) cm
(b) ∵ BD // AE
= 39 cm
In △ABE, by Pythagoras’ theorem, ∴ DBA + BAE = 180
AB2 + BE2 = AE2 DBA + 45 + 60 = 180
BE = DBA = 75
= cm DEF = DBA
= 86.6 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig. = 75
∴ The required distance is 86.6 cm. (c) BCD = 90

In △BCD,
CBD + BCD + BDC = 180
CBD + 90 + 45 = 180
22. (a) Join OC. CBD = 45

ACD = DEF = 75
ACB + ACD = BCD

194 Solutions
ACB + 75 = 90 25. Let DP = x cm.

ACB = 15 AP = DP
= x cm
∴ : :
AQ = PQ  AP
= ACB : BDC : CBD = (14  x) cm
= 15 : 45 : 45 BQ = AQ
=1:3:3 = (14  x) cm
BR = QR  BQ
24. (a) In △ABC, by Pythagoras’ theorem, = [10  (14  x)] cm
BC + AC = AB
2 2 2 = (x  4) cm
BC = CR = BR
= cm = (x  4) cm
= 15 cm CS = RS  CR
(b) Let O be the centre of the circle. = [8  (x  4)] cm
Join OP and OQ. = (12  x) cm
DS = CS
= (12  x) cm
PS = DP + DS
= [x + (12  x)] cm
= 12 cm
26. BP = BQ, CQ = CR and AP = AR.

Let r cm be the radius of the circle. Perimeter of △ABC
∵ OP  BC and OQ  AC. = AB + BQ + CQ + AC
∴ OPCQ is a rectangle. = (AB + BP) + (AC + CR)
PC = OQ = r cm = AP + AR
QC = OP = r cm = 2AP
AQ = AC  QC = 2  15 cm
= (20  r) cm = 30 cm
AR = AQ
= (20  r) cm 27. (a) In △BEP,
BP = BC  PC PEB + EBP = EPA
= (15  r) cm PEB + 26 = 56
BR = BP PEB = 30
= (15  r) cm (b) ∵ PC = CD
AR + BR = AB ∴ BED = PEB = 30
20  r + 15  r = 25 DEP = PEB + BED
2r = 10 = 30 + 30
r=5 = 60
∴ The radius of the circle is 5 cm. (c) CPB = PEB
= 30

(d) EPA + EPC + CPB = 180 (b) PAR = 2PQS

56 + EPC + 30 = 180 = 2  40
EPC = 94 = 80
EPC + CDE = 180 BTP = APT = 90
94 + CDE = 180 In quadrilateral PTBA,
CDE = 86 PAR + TBR + BTP + APT = 360
80 + TBR + 90 + 90 = 360
28. (a) In △BCF, TBR = 100
BCF + BFC = ABC
TSQ = TBR
BCF + 30 = x
BCF = x  30 =  100
(b) (i) BAD = BCF
= 50
= x  30
In △ABE,
30. (a) (i) With the notations in the figure,
BAE + ABE + AEB = 180
x  30 + x + 20 = 180
2x = 190
x = 95
∴ ABC = 95
(ii) BAD = x  30
= 95  30
∵ XY  PQ and BY  QR.
= 65
∴ BXQY is a rectangle.
QY = BX = r cm
29. (a) Join AR and RB.
In △BQY, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
Draw XY as the common tangent of the two
BQ2 = BY2 + QY2
circles at R.
BQ =
= cm
=
(ii) ∵ The radius of circle A is 2 cm.
∴ Length of each side of the square
= 2  2 cm
= 4 cm
In △PQS, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
ARX = 90 SQ =
BRX = 90 = cm
ARX + BRX = 90 + 90 = cm
= 180 AQ = SQ
∴ ARB is a straight line.
= cm

196 Solutions
(b) AB + BQ = AQ concyclic. ext.  = int.

2+r+ = opp. 
= 2
r=
= 0.34, cor. to 2 d.p.

∴ The radius of the smaller circle is 0.34 cm. (b) Join OG and OC.
31. (a) ∵ OC // AB
∴ OBA = BOC = 52
∵ OA = OB
∴ OAB = OBA = 52
In △ABO,
OG  CD and OB = CG.
AOB + OAB + OBA = 180 ∴ OBCG is a square.
AOB + 52 + 52 = 180 ∴ BC = OB
AOB = 76 ∴ BCO = BOC
∵ AOB = 2OCB In △OBC,
∴ 76 = 2OCB ABC + BCO + BOC = 180
OCB = 38 90 + 2BCO = 180
(b) In △OBC,
2BCO = 90
OCB + OBC + BCO = 45
BOC = 180  sum of △ OEB = BCO = 45
38 + OBC + 52 = 180 AEB = OEB + AEO

= 45 + 90
OBC = 90
= 135
i.e. OB  BC
∴ CB is the tangent to the 33. (a) ABC = ADG ext. , cyclic quad.
circle at B. EFG = ADG ext. , cyclic quad.
converse of
tangent  ∴ ABC = EFG
radius (b) Join PA, PC, PE and PG.
32. (a) AE = EF given
OE  AF line joining
i.e. AEO = 90 centre to mid-
pt. of chord 
chord
property of APC + ABC = 180 opp. s, cyclic
ABC = 90 rectangle quad.
APC = 180  ABC
∴ ABC = AEO
EPG + EFG = 180 opp. s, cyclic
∴ B, C, E and O are quad.

EPG = 180  EFG In △OMP and △ONP,
OP = OP common side
∵ ABC = EFG
OMP = ONP = 90 given
∴ APC = EPG
OM = ON given
APC + CPE
∴ △OMP  △ONP RHS
= EPG + CPE
APE = CPG ∴ MP = NP corr. sides,  △s
(b) ∵ OM = ON given
∴ AB = CD chords
equidistant
34. (a) ∵ BE = EF
from centre
∴ FCE = BCE ∵ OM  AB
are equal
= 34 ∴ BM = AM
(b) ABE = BCE  in alt. perpendicular
= AB
= 34 segment from centre to
∵ ON  CD chord bisects
∴ ABE = FCE
∴ CN = DN chord
∴ ABCD is a cyclic
= CD
quadrilateral.
converse of s perpendicular
∴ BM = CN
in the same from centre to
∵ NP = MP chord bisects
segment
∴ CN  NP = BM  MP chord
(c) ADE = ACB s in the same
CP = BP
= 34 segment
∴ ABE = ADE
proved in (a)
∴ AB = AD sides opp. eq. 36. (a) QTS = PRQ corr. s,
s ST // PR
∴ △ABD is an isosceles
PSQ = PRQ equal chords,
triangle.
equal angles
∴ PSQ = QTS
35. (a) Join OP.
∴ PS is the tangent to the
circle at S. converse of  in
alt. segment
∵ PQ = PS given
∴ PQS = PRQ base s, isos.

= QTS △
∴ PQ is the tangent to the
circle at Q.
converse of  in

198 Solutions
r=
alt. segment
(b) PRQ = QTS = 62
=
PRS = PQS
=2
= QTS
∴ The radius of the circle is 2.
= 62
QRS = PRQ + PRS
38. (a) AFG = CEG ext. , cyclic
= 62 + 62
quad.
= 124
ADG = BEG ext. , cyclic
quad.
37. (a) (i) OZ  AC and OY  BC.
∴ OZCY is a rectangle. ∵ BEG + CEG = 180 adj. s on st.
line.
CY = OZ ∴ ADG + AFG = 180
=r ∴ A, D, G and F are
BY = BC  CY
concyclic.
=ar opp. s supp.
(ii) CZ = OY (b) In △ABC,
=r ABC + ACB + BAC = 180
AZ = AC  CZ 64 + 57 + BAC = 180
=br BAC = 59
(b) BX = BY tangent BAC + DGF = 180
=ar properties 59 + DGF = 180

DGF = 121
AX = AZ tangent
=br properties
39. (a) (i) OCP = 90
AX + BX = AB In △OCP,
br+ar=c OCP + POC + OPC = 180
2r = a + b  c 90 + POC + 30 = 180
POC = 60
(c) In △ABC, by Pythagoras’ theorem,

AC2 + BC2 = AB2
AC =
b=
=
= 12
From (b),

(ii) ∵ OB = OC radii (ii) CBA = CAP  in alt.

∴ OBC = OCB segment
base s, isos. = 60
In △OBC, △ BCA = CAP alt. s,
OBC + OCB CB // PAE
= 60
= POC
In △ABC,
2OBC = 60
ABC + BCA +
ext.  of △
OBC = 30
BAC = 180
 sum of △
OPA = OPC
60 + 60 + BAC = 180
= 30
BAC = 60
tangent
∴ OBC = OPA
properties ∵ CBA = BCA =
∴ CB // PAE
BAC
∴ AB = BC = AC
alt. s equal sides opp. eq.
(b) (i) CPA = OPC + OPA ∴ △ABC is an s
= 30 + 30 equilateral triangle.
= 60
∵ PC = PA 40. (a) QBS = QAB  in alt. segment
∴ PCA = CAP
QPB = QAB s in the same
In △ACP,
∴ QBS = QPB segment
PCA + CAP + CPA = 180
2CAP + 60 = 180
2CAP = 120
CAP = 60
(b) (i) APB = 90

In △ABP,
APB + PBA + BAP = 180
90 + PBA + BAP = 180
PBA + BAP = 90
∵ : : =3:1:2
∴ : =1:1
i.e. =
∴ PBA = BAP
=  90
= 45

200 Solutions
ABS = 90 = 3x : x
PBT + PBA = ABS =3:1
PBT + 45 = 90 (b) (i) In △ACD,
PBT = 45 CAE + CDE = ACB
x + x= y
(ii) ∵ : = PBA : QPB
2x = y
∴ =
(ii) ∵ : = ABC : ACB
QPB = 30
QBS = QPB
∴ =
= 30
(iii) ABT = 90 tangent  ABC = 2y
BAP = 45 radius In △ABC,
In △ABT, CAB + ABC + ACB = 180

3x + 2y + y = 180
ABT + BAP +
3x + 3y = 180
ATB = 180
x + y = 60
90 + 45 + ATB = 180 (iii)
 sum of △
ATB = 45 Substitute (1) into (2).
∵ ATB = BAP x + 2x = 60

3x = 60
∴ AB = BT
x = 20
∴ △ABT is an Substitute x = 20 into (1).
sides opp. eq.
isosceles y = 2  20
s
right-angled = 40
(iv) ABC = 2y
triangle.
= 2  40
= 80
AEC + ABC = 180
AEC + 80 = 180
AEC = 100
41. (a) ∵ CA = CD
∴ CAE = CDE
42. (a) (i) Let O be the centre of the circle.
=x
Join OP and OR.
∵ ADC : CAB = 1 : 3
∴ CAB = 3ADC
= 3x
: = CAB : CAE

x = 6 or 9
When x = 6, y = 15  x = 15  6 = 9.
When x = 9, y = 15  x = 15  9 = 6.
∵ BQ > QC
x>y
OPA = ORA = 90 ∴ x = 9 and y = 6.
BAC = 90 and OP = OR. ∴ AB = (3 + x) cm
∴ OPAR is a square. = (3 + 9) cm
∴ PA = RA = OP = 3 cm = 12 cm
BP = BQ BC = (x + y) cm
= x cm = (9 + 6) cm
RC = QC = 15 cm
= y cm AC = (y + 3) cm
Perimeter of △ABC = 36 cm = (6 + 3) cm
AB + BC + CA = 36 cm = 9 cm
3 + x + x + y + y + 3 = 36
2(x + y) = 30 43. C
x + y = 15 BAC = BDE = 72
(ii) x + y = 15
y = 15  x ∵ : = (1 + 2) : (2 + 2)
In △ABC, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
BC2 = AB2 + CA2 =3:4
(x + y)2 = (3 + x)2 + (y + 3)2 ∴ BAC : ABD = 3 : 4
(x + 15  x)2 = (3 + x)2 + (15  x + 3)2 ABD = BAC
15 = (3 + x) + (18  x)
2 2 2
225 = 9 + 6x + x2 + =  72
324  36x + x2 = 96
2x2  30x + 108 = 0 ACD + ABD = 180
x  15x + 54 = 0
2
ACD + 96 = 180
ACD = 84
44. B
Let ADB = x.
CBD : ADB = :
CBD = 3x
ABC + AHC = 180
(b) x2  15x + 54 = 0 ABD + 3x + 54 = 180
(x  6)(x  9) = 0 ABD = 126  3x

202 Solutions
BAD = 90 = 118

In △ABD, 46. B
ABD + BAD + ADB = 180 In △ABC and △ACE,
126  3x + 90 + x = 180 ABC = ACE
2x = 36 BAC = CAE
x = 18 BCA + ABC + BAC = 180
CAD = CBD BCA = 180  ABC  BAC
= 3x CEA + ACE + CAE = 180
= 3  18 CEA = 180  ACE  CAE
= 54 ∴ BCA = CEA
KAD + CAH = CAD ∴ △ABC ~ △ACE (AAA)
KAD + 40 = 54
∴ =
KAD = 14
In △ADK, =
BKA = KAD + ADB
AB = 18 cm
= 14 + 18
∴ BE = AB  AE
= 32
= (18  8) cm
= 10 cm
45. B
Let O be the centre of the circle.
47. A
Join OB and OD.
CBD = CDE = 45
BDC = AFC = 105
In △BCD,
CBD + BDC + BCD = 180
45 + 105 + BCD = 180
BCD = 30
48. C
ODA = 90
Let CR = x cm.
OBA = 90
Join OR and construct BK  CD.
In quadrilateral OBAD,
ODA + DAB + OBA + BOD = 360
90 + 56 + 90 + BOD = 360
BOD = 124
BOD + reflex BOD = 360
124 + reflex BOD = 360
reflex BOD = 236
DHB = reflex BOD BPO = 90 and ORC = 90.

∴ POR is a straight line.
=  236
∴ BPRK is a rectangle.

∴ KR = BP = 4 cm and
BK = PR = 6  2 cm = 12 cm.
CK = CR  KR
= (x  4) cm (c) ∵ △ABC ~ △DBA
CQ = CR
∴ =
= x cm
BQ = BP = (1M)
= 4 cm
DB = 4.5 cm
BC = CQ + BQ
CD = BD  BC
= (x + 4) cm
= (4.5  2) cm
In △BCK, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
= 2.5 cm (1A)
BC2 = BK2 + CK2
(x + 4)2 = 122 + (x  4)2
2. (a) ∵ H is the orthocentre of
x2 + 8x + 16 = 144 + x2  8x + 16
given
△ABC.
16x = 144
∴ AJB = BKC = 90 by definition
x=9
∴ The length of CR is 9 cm. ∴ H, K, C and J are concyclic. ext.  = int.
opp. 
49. (c) (i) Marking Scheme:

Case 1 Any correct proof with correct reasons. 3
(ii)
Case 2 Any correct proof without reasons. 2
Case 3 Incomplete proof with any one correct 1
50. (b) (ii) 3x + 4y  75 = 0 step and one correct reason.
51. C 52. B 53. C 54. C (b) In △BAK and △BCK,

∵ The in-centre of △ABC
55. A 56. A 57. B 58. C given
lies on BD.
∴ ABK = CBK by definition

59. C 60. C 61. C 62. D
∵ H is the orthocentre of
Unit Test (P.11.85) △ABC. given

1. (a) ACD + ACB = 180 ∴ AKB = CKB = 90 by definition
ACD + 100 = 180 (1M) BK = BK common side
ACD = 80
∴ △BAK  △BCK ASA
DAE = ACD
∴ AK = CK
= 80 (1A) corr. sides,
(b) △ABC ~ △DBA (1A)  △s
∴ BD is the perpendicular
bisector of AC.
∴ BD passes through the

204 Solutions
centre of the circle.  bisector of

chord
passes
through
centre
∴ BD is a diameter of the
circle. CDE = ACE = 55
∵ CE = DE
Marking Scheme:
∴ DCE = CDE = 55
Case 1 Any correct proof with correct reasons. 3
TCD + DCE + ACE = 180
Case 2 Any correct proof without reasons. 2
TCD + 55 + 55 = 180
Case 3 Incomplete proof with any one correct 1
TCD = 70
step and one correct reason.
∵ TD = TC
∴ TDC = TCD = 70
In △TCD,
3. B
CTD + TCD + TDC = 180
Join AD.
CTD + 70 + 70 = 180
CTD = 40
5. C
Join PR.
ADC + ABC = 180

ODA + 36 + 100 = 180
ODA = 44
∵ OA = OD
∴ OAD = ODA = 44
BAD + BCD = 180
OAB + OAD + 3OAB = 180
QRP = BPQ = 46
4OAB + 44 = 180
PRS = QRS  QRP
4OAB = 136
= 117  46
OAB = 34
= 71
PSC = PRS
4. B
= 71
Join CD.
6. C
Let O be the centre of the circle.
Join OP and OR, and construct OS  QR.

Let r cm be the radius of the circle.

OP  PQ
∴ OPQS is a rectangle.
SQ = OP = r cm and OS = PQ = 33 cm.
In △OSR, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
OS2 + SR2 = OR2
332 + (121  r)2 = r2
1 089 + 14 641  242r + r2 = r2
242r = 15 730
r = 65
∴ The radius of the circle is 65 cm.

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147

Chapter 11 More about Basic Properties of

= 36 Instant Drill 4 (P.11.8)

© Oxford University Press 2014

© Oxford University Press 2014

Instant Drill 11 (P.11.29)

© Oxford University Press 2014

Instant Drill 15 (P.11.39) Instant Drill 16 (P.11.41)

© Oxford University Press 2014

Instant Drill 18 (P.11.52) Instant Drill 20 (P.11.59)

∴ ABC = ACB CAD = 180  a  b  c

© Oxford University Press 2014

AEB = AFB s in the same ∴ SR = 2GT

∴ BCD = AEB segment = 2  4 cm

© Oxford University Press 2014

2. BAD + BCD = 83 + 107

© Oxford University Press 2014

= ECD In △OAT, by Pythagoras’ theorem,

© Oxford University Press 2014

Instant Drill Corner 11.8 (P.11.36)

© Oxford University Press 2014

AC2 + BC2 = AB2 ∴ ABC = BCD

(1) + (2): 2R = 18 1. BAD = ADB = 60 property of

ABC = ADC = 90  in semi-

∴ ABT = PTQ segment

∴ ABT + CBT = PTQ + CTP DAE = CBE s in the same

i.e. ABC = CTQ segment

∴ The required angle is ABC. vert. opp. s

© Oxford University Press 2014

4. BAD = CDB  in alt. ∴ CDA = BAE

∴ BAD = BDA = ABD BAD + BCD = 180

5. ABC + CBE = 180 f = 100

ABC + 100 = 80

∵ CD // BA ADC + DAC + ACD = 180

© Oxford University Press 2014

11. BED = BAF

17. (a) HMK = KNH = 65

© Oxford University Press 2014

105 + QRS = 180 72 + PQR = 180

20. Let BAF = x.

21. (a) PSR + PQR = 180

© Oxford University Press 2014

© Oxford University Press 2014

ARB = 90 5. ABC = 20 + 40

6. ADB = ACB = 35

2. ABC = 58 + 48 8. ∵ QT = PT

© Oxford University Press 2014

9. In △PQR, 14. In the figure, there are 4 quadrilaterals: ABCD,

© Oxford University Press 2014

© Oxford University Press 2014

∴ ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.

22. (a) In △ADO and △BCO,

BDE + ADE + ADC = 180

20. (a) ACB = 2APB

© Oxford University Press 2014

∵ A, E, C and F are concyclic. BAC = 180  ACB  ABC

© Oxford University Press 2014