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5 views

Class 1 FD

List all continent, continentcode, country, isocode, region,regioncode,timezone, city, postcode,latitude

Uploaded by

birukindu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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Textile Fibers

TEng 2112

Cotton Jute Sisal

Class 1

Introduction to textile fiber


By: Dehenenet F.

Linen/flax Banana Hemp


Norms of the classroom
1. 2. 3. Note: Do your
assignments on
Time and honestly

Switch off your phone or keep


in Silent mode Keep time

4. 5. 6.

Enjoy this course and


have fun
Ask and Answer Questions in Class Should do well in this class
1. Historical Perspective of Textile Fibers

Stone age Now


Cont.…

 During the early days of his existence, man depended upon animal skins
and furs to keep him warm.
 But as the years passed, his susceptibilities became more tender and
his hide less coars.
 Uses of textile
i. To protect our modesty and to provide us a comfortable micro
climate.
ii. To help us look better.
iii. To improve our appearance and image.
Fashion 16th-19th century Fashion 21th century

Amelework Tesfaye
Terms in
textile
Fabric
formation
A

B
D

F
2. Definition and classification of textile fibers
2.1. What are Fibers
 A “fibre “is defined as any product capable of being woven or otherwise
made into fabric.

 It is smallest visible unit of textile product.

 Can also be defined as a “pliable” hair like strand that is very small in

diameter in relation to its length”.

Generally:
Fiber is unit of matter characterized by flexibility, fineness and a high
length to width ratio
Conti…
 Fineness: In general, finer fibers are softer, more pliable and have
better drapability. That gives/form/ better yarns and fabrics.

 High length to width ratio: A pre-requisite for processing of fibers


into yarns and fabrics is that their lengths must be more than widths.
(100:1)

 Flexibility: Fibers should be flexible or pliable in order to be made into


yarns and thereafter into fabrics that permit freedom of movement.
Conti…
Essential requirements of textile fibers
1. Flexible,
2. Thin (not too thin) and Long enough.
3. Cohesive, and strong (enough).
4. Able to be mechanically spun into yarn—drawn out and twisted
5. Staple fibers must have sufficient length, strength, and
cohesiveness (fiber-to-fiber friction).
6. A reasonable supply and price.
Conti…

Polymer system or macromolecule of the textile fiber must satisfy the


minimum requirments, if it srve as a fiber

1. Hydrophilic
2. Chemically resistant
3. linear
4. long
5. Capable of being oriented to create crystalline regions and
6. High melting point
Conti…
Important Fiber Characteristics
Strength:
 The ability to withstand pulling and twisting.
Shrinkage:
 The ability to maintain size.
Warmth:
 The ability to maintain body temperature.
Durability:
 The ability to hold up to repeated usage.
Absorbency:
 The ability to take in moisture.
Wicking:
 The ability to pull moisture away from the body and toward the
surface of the fabric where it can evaporate quickly
Conti…
Wrinkle Resistance:
 The ability to resist creasing.
Resiliency:
 The ability to spring back when crushed or wrinkled.
Elasticity:
 The ability to return to its original size.
Abrasion Resistance:
 The ability to withstand rubbing.
Luster:
 The natural sheen or shine of some fibers.
Static Resistance:
 The ability to withstand the buildup of electricity.
2.2. Classification of textile Fibers
Conti…

Classification of fibers can be done by the following perspective:


 Source:
1. Natural fiber and
2. manufactured(man-made) fiber
 Length:
1. Staple fiber(short,medium & long staple) fiber
2. Continuous filament fiber
 Size:
1. Ultra fine,
2. fine,
3. regular,
4. course
2.2. Classification of textile Fibers
Conti…

 Source:
Conti…
 Natural fibers vary in quality depending on the kind of animal or plant
and the growing conditions.

 The fibers must be cleaned before they can be made into yarns.
Supplies of natural fibers vary, according to the season.

 Each natural fiber have unique characteristics that cannot be copied


by science.
Conti…
3. Structure of fiber
 Morphology: study of size, shape, and structure of fibers
I. Macrostructure
Features which are discernible/described/ by human eyes.
 Length: Staple or filament
 Size: wide range from <5 to >70µm
 Color : green, yellow, red……..
Conti…
II. Micro structures
Features observed by optical microscope.
 Surface contour/longitudinal form
eg. Smooth, striated, convoluted ,serrated, pitted, lobed ,scaly
 Cross-sectional area shape
eg. Round, kidney bean, triangular ,flat, dog-bone, multi-lobal
Conti…
II. Submicroscopic structures
Features may be observed by electron microscope.
 Natural fibers: distinct layers e.g. wool
 Manufactured and silk: uniform throughout except skin-core effect
Conti…
III.Fine structure ( molecular level)
Refers to the description of the arrangement of polymer molecules within
the fibers.
THANK YOU!!

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