Nasm 11

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The Muscular System

The nervous system is the control center for movement production, and the skeletal
system provides the structural framework for our bodies. However, to complete the
cycle of movement production, the body must have a device that the nervous system
can command to move the skeletal system. This is the muscular system. Muscles
generate internal tension that, under the control of the nervous system, manipulates
the bones of our body to produce movements. Muscles are the movers and
stabilizers of our bodies.

Skeletal muscle is one of three major muscle types in the body; the others are
cardiac and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is made up of individual muscle fibers,
and the term muscle literally refers to multiple bundles of muscle fibers held
together by connective tissue. Bundles of muscle fibers can be further broken
down into layers from the outer surface to the innermost layer. The first bundle is
the actual muscle itself wrapped by an outer layer of connective tissue called fascia
and an inner layer immediately surrounding the muscle called the epimysium. The
fascia and epimysium are also connected to bone and help to form the muscle’s
tendon. The next bundle of muscle fiber is called a fascicle. Each fascicle is wrapped
by connective tissue called perimysium. Each fascicle is in turn made of many
individual muscle fiber that are wrapped by connective tissue called
endomysium. Connective tissues within the muscle play a vital role in movement.
They allow the forces generated by the muscle to be transmitted from the
contractile components of the muscle (discussed next) to the bones, creating
motion. Each layer of connective tissue extends the length of the muscle, helping to
form the tendon. As with ligaments, the tendon’s poor vascularity will be important
to remember when considering the number of days’ rest taken and the structure of
your daily exercise programming plan when performing high-intensity exercise to
ensure you do not develop overuse injuries.

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