15.x Alcohols Exam Style QUESTIONS

15 Alcohols
AQA Chemistry Exam-style questions
1 Amended from AQA Chemistry Unit 2 Chemistry in Action CHEM2 January 2010
(Question 9)
There are four isomeric alcohols with the molecular formula C 4H10O.
a Two of these are butan-1-ol (CH3CH2CH2CH2OH) and butan-2-ol.
The other two isomers are alcohol X and alcohol Y.
Draw the displayed formula for butan-2-ol.
Alcohol X does not react with acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution.

Give the structure of alcohol X.
Name the fourth isomer, alcohol Y.
(3 marks)
b British scientists have used bacteria to ferment glucose and produce the
biofuel butan-1-ol.
Write an equation for the fermentation of glucose (C 6H12O6) to form butan-1-
ol, carbon dioxide and water only.
State one condition necessary to ensure the complete combustion of a fuel in

air.
Write an equation for the complete combustion of butan-1-ol and state why it
can be described as a biofuel.
(4 marks)
© Oxford University Press 2015 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

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15 Alcohols
c Butan-1-ol reacts with acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution to produce

two organic compounds.
State the class of alcohols to which butan-1-ol belongs.
Draw the displayed formula for both of the organic products.
State the type of reaction that occurs and the change in colour of the
potassium dichromate(VI) solution.
(5 marks)

15 Alcohols
2 From AQA Chemistry Unit 3a Introduction to Organic Chemistry CHM3/W June

2004 (Question 1)
a Ethanol, C2H5OH, can be made from glucose, C6H12O6.
i Write an equation to represent this reaction.
(1 mark)
ii Give the name of this process for making ethanol.
(1 mark)
b Ethene can be formed by the dehydration of ethanol using concentrated

sulfuric acid.
Name and complete a mechanism for this reaction.
Name of mechanism
Mechanism
(5 marks)

15 Alcohols
(Question 5)
Glucose is an organic molecule. Glucose can exist in different forms in aqueous
solution.
a In aqueous solution, some glucose molecules have the following structure:
Deduce the empirical formula of glucose.
(1 mark)
b In the absence of oxygen, an aqueous solution of glucose can be fermented

to produce ethanol for use in alcoholic drinks.
Write an equation for this fermentation reaction.
Give two other essential conditions for the production of ethanol in this
fermentation.
Condition 1
Condition 2
(3 marks)
c Any ethanol present in the breath of a drinker can be detected by using a
breathalyser.
The ethanol is converted into ethanoic acid. The breathalyser has negative
and positive electrodes. A current is measured and displayed in terms of
alcohol content.
The overall redox equation is as follows:
CH3CH2OH (I)  O2 (g) → CH3COOH (I)  H2O (I)
i Draw the displayed formula for ethanoic acid.
(1 mark)

15 Alcohols
ii Deduce a half-equation for the reduction of atmospheric oxygen to water in

acidic solution at one electrode of the breathalyser.
(1 mark)
iii Deduce a half-equation for the oxidation of ethanol in water to ethanoic acid
at the other electrode of the breathalyser.
(1 mark)
iv The earliest breathalysers used laboratory chemicals to oxidise the ethanol to

ethanoic acid. Detection was by a colour change.
Identify a reagent or combination of reagents that you would use in the
laboratory to oxidise ethanol to ethanoic acid.
State the colour change that you would expect to see.
Reagent or combination of reagents
Colour change
(2 marks)
d The fermentation of glucose from crops is the main method for the production
of ethanol. The product is called bioethanol. The European Union has declared that
bioethanol is carbon-neutral.
i State the meaning of the term carbon-neutral.
(1 mark)
ii Other than carbon-neutrality, state the main advantage of the use of glucose
from crops as the raw material for the production of ethanol.
(1 mark)
iii Give one disadvantage of the use of crops for the production of ethanol.
(1 mark)

15 Alcohols
(Question 9)
Three different ways of producing ethanol are shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4
Reaction 1 is a fermentation reaction and produces a 15% aqueous solution of
ethanol. It is claimed that the ethanol produced in this way is a carbon-neutral
biofuel.
a Give a reagent and conditions for Reaction 2.
Name and outline a mechanism for Reaction 2.

Name
Mechanism
Suggest one reason, other than safety, why this method is not used in
industry to make ethanol.
(6 marks)

15 Alcohols
b Reaction 3 is used in industry.
Identify a suitable catalyst for Reaction 3.
Identify the type of reaction.
Give two conditions, in addition to the presence of a catalyst, necessary for

Reaction 3 to produce a high yield of ethanol.
(4 marks)
5 Adapted from AQA Chemistry Unit 2 Chemistry in Action CHEM2 June 2011
(Question 6)
Table 5 shows the structures of three isomers with the molecular formula
C5H10O.
Table 5

15 Alcohols
a Complete Table 5 by naming Isomer 3.

(1 mark)
b State the type of structural isomerism shown by these three isomers.
(1 mark)
c The compound (Z)-pent-3-en-2-ol is a stereoisomer of (E)-pent-3-en-2-ol.

i Draw the structure of (Z)-pent-3-en-2-ol.
(1 mark)
ii Identify the feature of the double bond in (E)-pent-3-en-2-ol and that in
(Z)-pent-3-en-2-ol that causes these two compounds to be stereoisomers.
(1 mark)
d A chemical test can be used to distinguish between separate samples of

Isomer 2 and Isomer 3.
Identify a suitable reagent for the test.
State what you would observe with Isomer 2 and with Isomer 3.
Test reagent
Observation with Isomer 2
Observation with Isomer 3

(3 marks)

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15 Alcohols

AQA Chemistry Exam-style questions

Alcohol X does not react with acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution.

Name the fourth isomer, alcohol Y.

State one condition necessary to ensure the complete combustion of a fuel in

© Oxford University Press 2015 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

c Butan-1-ol reacts with acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution to produce

Draw the displayed formula for both of the organic products.

© Oxford University Press 2015 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

2 From AQA Chemistry Unit 3a Introduction to Organic Chemistry CHM3/W June

ii Give the name of this process for making ethanol.

b Ethene can be formed by the dehydration of ethanol using concentrated

© Oxford University Press 2015 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

Deduce the empirical formula of glucose.

b In the absence of oxygen, an aqueous solution of glucose can be fermented

© Oxford University Press 2015 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

ii Deduce a half-equation for the reduction of atmospheric oxygen to water in

iv The earliest breathalysers used laboratory chemicals to oxidise the ethanol to

Reagent or combination of reagents

© Oxford University Press 2015 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

Name and outline a mechanism for Reaction 2.

© Oxford University Press 2015 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

b Reaction 3 is used in industry.

Identify a suitable catalyst for Reaction 3.

Identify the type of reaction.

Give two conditions, in addition to the presence of a catalyst, necessary for

© Oxford University Press 2015 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

a Complete Table 5 by naming Isomer 3.

c The compound (Z)-pent-3-en-2-ol is a stereoisomer of (E)-pent-3-en-2-ol.

d A chemical test can be used to distinguish between separate samples of

Observation with Isomer 2

Observation with Isomer 3

© Oxford University Press 2015 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

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